acdream/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/StaticMeshRenderer.cs

// src/AcDream.App/Rendering/StaticMeshRenderer.cs
using System.Numerics;
using AcDream.Core.Meshing;
using AcDream.Core.Terrain;
using AcDream.Core.World;
using Silk.NET.OpenGL;

namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;

public sealed unsafe class StaticMeshRenderer : IDisposable
{
    private readonly GL _gl;
    private readonly Shader _shader;
    private readonly TextureCache _textures;

    // One GPU bundle per unique GfxObj id. Each GfxObj can have multiple sub-meshes.
    private readonly Dictionary<uint, List<SubMeshGpu>> _gpuByGfxObj = new();

    public StaticMeshRenderer(GL gl, Shader shader, TextureCache textures)
    {
        _gl = gl;
        _shader = shader;
        _textures = textures;
    }

    public void EnsureUploaded(uint gfxObjId, IReadOnlyList<GfxObjSubMesh> subMeshes)
    {
        if (_gpuByGfxObj.ContainsKey(gfxObjId))
            return;

        var list = new List<SubMeshGpu>(subMeshes.Count);
        foreach (var sm in subMeshes)
            list.Add(UploadSubMesh(sm));
        _gpuByGfxObj[gfxObjId] = list;
    }

    private SubMeshGpu UploadSubMesh(GfxObjSubMesh sm)
    {
        uint vao = _gl.GenVertexArray();
        _gl.BindVertexArray(vao);

        uint vbo = _gl.GenBuffer();
        _gl.BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB.ArrayBuffer, vbo);
        fixed (void* p = sm.Vertices)
            _gl.BufferData(BufferTargetARB.ArrayBuffer,
                (nuint)(sm.Vertices.Length * sizeof(Vertex)), p, BufferUsageARB.StaticDraw);

        uint ebo = _gl.GenBuffer();
        _gl.BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB.ElementArrayBuffer, ebo);
        fixed (void* p = sm.Indices)
            _gl.BufferData(BufferTargetARB.ElementArrayBuffer,
                (nuint)(sm.Indices.Length * sizeof(uint)), p, BufferUsageARB.StaticDraw);

        uint stride = (uint)sizeof(Vertex);
        _gl.EnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        _gl.VertexAttribPointer(0, 3, VertexAttribPointerType.Float, false, stride, (void*)0);
        _gl.EnableVertexAttribArray(1);
        _gl.VertexAttribPointer(1, 3, VertexAttribPointerType.Float, false, stride, (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
        _gl.EnableVertexAttribArray(2);
        _gl.VertexAttribPointer(2, 2, VertexAttribPointerType.Float, false, stride, (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
        _gl.EnableVertexAttribArray(3);
        _gl.VertexAttribIPointer(3, 1, VertexAttribIType.UnsignedInt, stride, (void*)(8 * sizeof(float)));

        _gl.BindVertexArray(0);

        return new SubMeshGpu
        {
            Vao = vao,
            Vbo = vbo,
            Ebo = ebo,
            IndexCount = sm.Indices.Length,
            SurfaceId = sm.SurfaceId,
            // Capture translucency at upload time so the draw loop never
            // has to look it up from external state.
            Translucency = sm.Translucency,
        };
    }

    public void Draw(ICamera camera,
        IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax, IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities)> landblockEntries,
        FrustumPlanes? frustum = null,
        uint? alwaysVisibleEntityId = null)
    {
        _shader.Use();
        _shader.SetMatrix4("uView", camera.View);
        _shader.SetMatrix4("uProjection", camera.Projection);

        // ── Pass 1: Opaque + ClipMap ──────────────────────────────────────────
        // Depth write on (default). No blending. ClipMap surfaces use the
        // alpha-discard path in the fragment shader (uTranslucencyKind == 1).
        foreach (var entry in landblockEntries)
        {
            // Per-landblock frustum cull: one AABB test skips all entities in
            // this landblock if it is fully outside the view frustum.
            // Exception: never cull a landblock containing the player entity.
            if (frustum is not null &&
                !FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(frustum.Value, entry.AabbMin, entry.AabbMax))
            {
                // Check if this landblock contains the always-visible entity.
                bool hasAlwaysVisible = false;
                if (alwaysVisibleEntityId is not null)
                {
                    foreach (var e in entry.Entities)
                        if (e.Id == alwaysVisibleEntityId.Value) { hasAlwaysVisible = true; break; }
                }
                if (!hasAlwaysVisible) continue;
            }

            foreach (var entity in entry.Entities)
            {
                if (entity.MeshRefs.Count == 0)
                    continue;

                foreach (var meshRef in entity.MeshRefs)
                {
                    if (!_gpuByGfxObj.TryGetValue(meshRef.GfxObjId, out var subMeshes))
                        continue;

                    var entityRoot =
                        Matrix4x4.CreateFromQuaternion(entity.Rotation) *
                        Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(entity.Position);
                    var model = meshRef.PartTransform * entityRoot;
                    _shader.SetMatrix4("uModel", model);

                    foreach (var sub in subMeshes)
                    {
                        // Skip translucent sub-meshes in the first pass.
                        if (sub.Translucency != TranslucencyKind.Opaque &&
                            sub.Translucency != TranslucencyKind.ClipMap)
                            continue;

                        _shader.SetInt("uTranslucencyKind", (int)sub.Translucency);

                        uint tex = ResolveTex(entity, meshRef, sub);
                        _gl.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
                        _gl.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, tex);

                        _gl.BindVertexArray(sub.Vao);
                        _gl.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles, (uint)sub.IndexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, (void*)0);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // ── Pass 2: Translucent (AlphaBlend, Additive, InvAlpha) ─────────────
        // Depth test on so translucents composite correctly behind opaque geometry.
        // Depth write OFF so translucents don't occlude each other or downstream
        // opaque draws. Blend function is set per-draw based on TranslucencyKind.
        //
        // NOTE: translucent draws are NOT sorted by depth — overlapping translucent
        // surfaces can composite in the wrong order. Portal-sized billboards don't
        // overlap in practice so this is acceptable and avoids a larger refactor.
        _gl.Enable(EnableCap.Blend);
        _gl.DepthMask(false);

        // Phase 9.2: enable back-face culling for the translucent pass so
        // closed-shell translucents (lifestone crystal, glow gems, any
        // convex blended mesh) don't draw their back faces over their
        // front faces in arbitrary iteration order. Without this, the
        // 58 triangles of the lifestone crystal composited with an
        // "inside-out" look where the user saw through one face into
        // the hollow interior. With back-face culling on, back faces are
        // dropped at rasterization time, front faces composite as-is,
        // and depth ordering within the front-facing subset is a
        // non-issue for closed convex-ish shells. Matches WorldBuilder's
        // per-batch CullMode handling in
        // references/WorldBuilder/Chorizite.OpenGLSDLBackend/Lib/
        // BaseObjectRenderManager.cs:361-365.
        //
        // Our fan triangulation emits pos-side polygons as
        // (0, i, i+1) which is CCW in standard OpenGL conventions, so
        // GL_BACK + CCW front is the correct state. Neg-side polygons
        // (if any) use reversed winding and get culled here — that's a
        // known limitation and matches the opaque-pass behavior since
        // neg-side polys are virtually never translucent in AC content.
        _gl.Enable(EnableCap.CullFace);
        _gl.CullFace(TriangleFace.Back);
        _gl.FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection.Ccw);

        foreach (var entry in landblockEntries)
        {
            // Same per-landblock frustum cull + always-visible exception for pass 2.
            if (frustum is not null &&
                !FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(frustum.Value, entry.AabbMin, entry.AabbMax))
            {
                bool hasAlwaysVisible = false;
                if (alwaysVisibleEntityId is not null)
                {
                    foreach (var e in entry.Entities)
                        if (e.Id == alwaysVisibleEntityId.Value) { hasAlwaysVisible = true; break; }
                }
                if (!hasAlwaysVisible) continue;
            }

            foreach (var entity in entry.Entities)
            {
                if (entity.MeshRefs.Count == 0)
                    continue;

                foreach (var meshRef in entity.MeshRefs)
                {
                    if (!_gpuByGfxObj.TryGetValue(meshRef.GfxObjId, out var subMeshes))
                        continue;

                    var entityRoot =
                        Matrix4x4.CreateFromQuaternion(entity.Rotation) *
                        Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(entity.Position);
                    var model = meshRef.PartTransform * entityRoot;
                    _shader.SetMatrix4("uModel", model);

                    foreach (var sub in subMeshes)
                    {
                        if (sub.Translucency == TranslucencyKind.Opaque ||
                            sub.Translucency == TranslucencyKind.ClipMap)
                            continue;

                        // Set per-draw blend function.
                        switch (sub.Translucency)
                        {
                            case TranslucencyKind.Additive:
                                // src*a + dst — portal swirls, glows
                                _gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactor.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactor.One);
                                break;

                            case TranslucencyKind.InvAlpha:
                                // src*(1-a) + dst*a
                                _gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactor.OneMinusSrcAlpha, BlendingFactor.SrcAlpha);
                                break;

                            default: // AlphaBlend
                                // src*a + dst*(1-a)
                                _gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactor.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactor.OneMinusSrcAlpha);
                                break;
                        }

                        _shader.SetInt("uTranslucencyKind", (int)sub.Translucency);

                        uint tex = ResolveTex(entity, meshRef, sub);
                        _gl.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
                        _gl.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, tex);

                        _gl.BindVertexArray(sub.Vao);
                        _gl.DrawElements(PrimitiveType.Triangles, (uint)sub.IndexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, (void*)0);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Restore default GL state for subsequent renderers (terrain etc.).
        _gl.DepthMask(true);
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.Blend);
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.CullFace);

        _gl.BindVertexArray(0);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Resolves the GL texture id for a sub-mesh, honouring palette and
    /// texture overrides carried on the entity and the mesh-ref.
    /// </summary>
    private uint ResolveTex(WorldEntity entity, MeshRef meshRef, SubMeshGpu sub)
    {
        uint overrideOrigTex = 0;
        bool hasOrigTexOverride = meshRef.SurfaceOverrides is not null
            && meshRef.SurfaceOverrides.TryGetValue(sub.SurfaceId, out overrideOrigTex);
        uint? origTexOverride = hasOrigTexOverride ? overrideOrigTex : (uint?)null;

        if (entity.PaletteOverride is not null)
        {
            return _textures.GetOrUploadWithPaletteOverride(
                sub.SurfaceId, origTexOverride, entity.PaletteOverride);
        }
        else if (hasOrigTexOverride)
        {
            return _textures.GetOrUploadWithOrigTextureOverride(sub.SurfaceId, overrideOrigTex);
        }
        else
        {
            return _textures.GetOrUpload(sub.SurfaceId);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        foreach (var subs in _gpuByGfxObj.Values)
        {
            foreach (var sub in subs)
            {
                _gl.DeleteBuffer(sub.Vbo);
                _gl.DeleteBuffer(sub.Ebo);
                _gl.DeleteVertexArray(sub.Vao);
            }
        }
        _gpuByGfxObj.Clear();
    }

    private sealed class SubMeshGpu
    {
        public uint Vao;
        public uint Vbo;
        public uint Ebo;
        public int IndexCount;
        public uint SurfaceId;
        /// <summary>
        /// Cached from GfxObjSubMesh.Translucency at upload time.
        /// Avoids any per-draw lookup into external state.
        /// </summary>
        public TranslucencyKind Translucency;
    }
}