refactor(render): extract world scene frame owner

Move fallback and PView world drawing, shared alpha, particles, visibility, selection, and diagnostics behind focused frame owners. Make exceptional frames failure-atomic by restoring the shared GL baseline and preserving primary alpha failures through cleanup.

Co-authored-by: Codex <codex@openai.com>

docs/architecture/retail-divergence-register.md

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ accepted-divergence entries (#96, #49, #50).
 | AD-18 | Aperture far-Z punch is two-pass stencil-gated with an invented mark bias: 0.0005 NDC capped to a 0.5 m EYE-SPACE span (`MarkBiasNdc`); retail's single DEPTHTEST_ALWAYS punch is safe only under painter's far→near order we don't have | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/PortalDepthMaskRenderer.cs:149` | **#117** (2026-06-11): the unconditional punch erased nearer occluders, painting interiors through them; the two-pass form is the z-buffered equivalent of retail's ordering safety. **#129** (2026-06-12): the constant-NDC bias spanned ~190 m of eye depth at a landblock (non-linear depth) → distant occluders punched; the eye-space cap bounds the reach (`Issue129PunchBiasTests`). DO-NOT-RETRY: punch must stay depth-gated (ISSUES #108) | Door-plane-hugging geometry beyond the 0.5 m cap re-occludes the aperture (a **#108**-class regression at >10 m viewing range); an occluder within the cap in front of a distant aperture still punches through | `D3DPolyRender::DrawPortalPolyInternal` 0x0059bc90 (maxZ1=7 / maxZ2=6) |
 | AD-19 | Under outdoor roots, ALL dynamics draw in one z-buffered final pass; retail draws objects painter-ordered per landcell inside the landscape pass (interior roots route per **#118**) | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs:126` | The dynamics-drawn-LAST invariant is what makes the aperture depth punch safe (first BR-2 attempt punched after dynamics and erased the player, reverted `88be519`); z-buffer substitutes for painter's order on opaque geometry | Punch/seal correctness hinges on an ordering invariant — any pass added after DrawDynamicsLast, or alpha content needing painter order, gets erased inside apertures or composites wrong | `LScape::draw` → `DrawBlock` 0x005a17c0 → DrawSortCell pc:430124; `PView::DrawCells` 0x005a4840 |
 | AD-20 | Camera sweep fallback seeds the eye's `AdjustPosition` from the PLAYER's cell; retail re-seats at the sought eye's own tracked cell (rest of function is a verbatim `update_viewer` port) | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/PhysicsCameraCollisionProbe.cs:97` | acdream's camera doesn't track the sought-eye's cell separately; the eye is near the player so the player-cell stab list is assumed to cover it | An eye outside the player cell's stab-list coverage (boundary corners, cross-landblock pull-back) seats in the wrong cell — and the viewer cell roots the whole render: one-frame wrong root (flap-class flash) | `SmartBox::update_viewer` 0x00453ce0, pc:92878-92883 |
-| AD-21 | Null-clipRoot legacy outdoor safety path (no portal visibility, no punches/seals, no-clip terrain) for pre-spawn / login / legacy cameras; in-world retail always has a viewer_cell root | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldRenderFrameBuilder.cs` (`RuntimeWorldFrameRootSource`, `WorldRenderFrame.ClipRoot`); `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs` (null-root safety draw) | Result is null ONLY when neither an interior root nor the synthetic outdoor node exists; kept so the login screen shows the live sky | If viewer-root resolution ever returns null in-world (membership bug, fly-camera edge), the frame silently degrades — interiors stop drawing through doorways; the old two-branch FLAP reappears for those frames | `SmartBox::RenderNormalMode` decomp:92635 |
+| AD-21 | Null-clipRoot legacy outdoor safety path (no portal visibility, no punches/seals, no-clip terrain) for pre-spawn / login / legacy cameras; in-world retail always has a viewer_cell root | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldRenderFrameBuilder.cs` (`RuntimeWorldFrameRootSource`, `WorldRenderFrame.ClipRoot`); `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldSceneRenderer.cs` (null-root safety draw) | Result is null ONLY when neither an interior root nor the synthetic outdoor node exists; kept so the login screen shows the live sky | If viewer-root resolution ever returns null in-world (membership bug, fly-camera edge), the frame silently degrades — interiors stop drawing through doorways; the old two-branch FLAP reappears for those frames | `SmartBox::RenderNormalMode` decomp:92635 |
 | AD-22 | Async streamed mesh loading with bounded CPU replay residency, per-frame upload budgets, and point-of-use self-heal (`EnsureLoaded` re-request in the dispatcher's mesh-missing path, **#128**); retail loads synchronously — geometry is never absent | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbMeshAdapter.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/MeshUploadCaches.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/MeshUploadFrameBudget.cs` | Immutable preparation descriptors and the bounded CPU cache can re-stage an evicted mesh; dispatcher self-heal makes absence transient while upload budgets prevent a portal arrival from monopolizing a frame | A future consumer that neither retains an owner nor reaches the self-heal/replay path can remain invisible; under heavy admission pressure a valid mesh can pop in later than retail's synchronous path | retail synchronous content load; `docs/architecture/worldbuilder-inventory.md` portal-readiness and bounded-residency seams |
 | AD-23 | Live entities with `ServerGuid != 0` and null `ParentCellId` are culled (ClipSlotCull) while indoor clip routing is active; retail objects are always cell-resident (synchronous add-to-cell at creation) | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs:484` | Phase U.4 policy: parentless = unresolved indoors, equivalent to retail's not-in-any-visible-cell ⇒ not drawn, *given membership resolves promptly* | An entity whose membership lags (late CreateObject hydration, resolver hiccup) blinks invisible while the player is indoors, even in plain sight | retail per-cell object lists in PView traversal |
 | AD-24 | EnvCell shell geometry hash-deduplicated ((environmentId, structure, surface overrides) → 31-multiplier hash) and instanced; retail draws each CEnvCell's own structure directly | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/EnvCellRenderer.cs:276` | Verbatim WB EnvCellRenderManager port (Phase A8); dedup is what makes the single-VAO MDI cell pipeline cheap; intended visuals identical | A hash collision between distinct tuples renders the wrong interior shell in some room with NO diagnostic firing — wrong walls/floor in a dungeon room | retail `PView::DrawCells` → per-cell drawing_bsp (cited at :319) |

docs/plans/2026-07-22-gamewindow-slice-7-render-frame-orchestration.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ port, or resource-lifetime redesign.
   run the dependent audio, sky, lighting, and listener preparation.
 - [x] E — replace `RetailPViewDrawContext`'s callback bag with a typed
   `RetailPViewPassExecutor` and data-only inputs.
-- [ ] F — extract `WorldSceneRenderer`, including both shared-alpha scopes,
+- [x] F — extract `WorldSceneRenderer`, including both shared-alpha scopes,
   PView/fallback world branches, particles, debug world draw, and completion.
 - [ ] G — compose `RenderFrameOrchestrator`, cut `GameWindow.OnRender` to one
   handoff, and delete obsolete frame bodies, fields, helpers, and callbacks.
@@ -451,6 +451,22 @@ corrected-diff reviews are clean.
 - return a small `WorldRenderFrameOutcome` for diagnostics/presentation;
 - delete the world draw body and helper closure from `GameWindow`.
 
+Completed 2026-07-22. `WorldSceneRenderer` now owns the normal-world
+transaction, one shared-alpha frame, retail selection accumulation, PView versus
+null-root fallback branching, post-world particles/weather, visibility
+publication, and world diagnostics. `WorldScenePassExecutor`, focused runtime
+sources, and `WorldSceneDiagnosticsController` carry the concrete GL and data
+seams without retaining `GameWindow`, delegates, or borrowed PView products.
+Failed frames abort PView, pass routing, particle visibility, alpha, and
+selection in reverse ownership order; one shared `RenderFrameGlStateController`
+restores scissor/stencil/blend/clip/mask/depth/cull/program/buffer state before
+the next clear. Normal portal-depth exits now restore the same cull-off
+convention, and alpha cleanup preserves the original draw failure while
+attempting every source reset. `GameWindow.cs` is 4,765 raw lines, 69.7% below
+the 15,723-line campaign baseline. Release build and the complete suite pass
+(7,313 passed / 5 skipped). Retail, architecture, and adversarial
+corrected-diff reviews are clean.
+
 ### G — final orchestration cutover
 
 - compose concrete resource, world, private-presentation, and diagnostic owners;

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     // wireframes are noisy outdoors and confuse first-time users into
     // thinking they're a rendering bug. Ctrl+F2 toggles, the DebugPanel
     // → Diagnostics → "Toggle collision wires" button toggles too.
-    private bool _debugCollisionVisible = false;
+    private readonly AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneDebugState
-    private int _debugDrawLogOnce = 0;
+        _worldSceneDebugState = new();
 
     // Phase I.2: the old StbTrueTypeSharp DebugOverlay was deleted in
     // favor of the ImGui-backed DebugPanel (see _debugVm below). The
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         _renderWeatherFrame;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldRenderFrameBuilder?
         _worldRenderFrameBuilder;
+    private AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneSkyState? _worldSceneSkyState;
+    private AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneRenderer? _worldSceneRenderer;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.SkyPesFrameController? _skyPesFrame;
     private ResourceShutdownTransaction? _shutdown;
     private readonly DisplayFramePacingController _displayFramePacing;
@@ -219,9 +221,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb.EnvCellRenderer? _envCellRenderer;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb.WbFrustum? _envCellFrustum;
 
-    // R1 (render redesign): the per-cell DrawInside flood + its per-frame entity partition.
+    // R1 (render redesign): the per-cell DrawInside flood and concrete pass
-    // _interiorRenderer is constructed once both renderers exist; _interiorPartition is rebuilt
+    // executor are borrowed by WorldSceneRenderer for each normal-world frame.
-    // each frame on an indoor root (null on the outdoor root).
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewRenderer? _retailPViewRenderer;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewPassExecutor? _retailPViewPassExecutor;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewCellSource? _retailPViewCells;
@@ -229,7 +230,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         _terrainDrawDiagnostics;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.PortalDepthMaskRenderer? _portalDepthMask;
     private AcDream.App.Rendering.PortalTunnelPresentation? _portalTunnel;
-    private AcDream.App.Rendering.InteriorEntityPartition.Result? _interiorPartition;
 
     // Phase U.3: the shared per-frame clip data (binding=2 mesh SSBO + terrain
     // UBO). In U.3 a single ClipFrame.NoClip() instance is created lazily (??=) and
@@ -240,11 +240,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     // U.4 replaces the NoClip() frame with one built from the portal-visibility result.
     private ClipFrame? _clipFrame;
 
-    // Flat-world fallback particle scratch. PView classifications belong to
-    // RetailPViewPassExecutor.
-    private readonly HashSet<uint> _visibleSceneParticleEntityIds = [];
-    private readonly HashSet<uint> _noSceneParticleEntityIds = [];
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Phase 6.4: per-entity animation playback state for entities whose
     /// MotionTable resolved to a real cycle. The render loop ticks each
@@ -470,7 +465,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     // unconditionally installs a provider. See r12 §11 for the roller
     // semantics.
     private long _loadedSkyDayIndex = long.MinValue;
-    private AcDream.Core.World.DayGroupData? _activeDayGroup;
 
     // F7 / F10 debug-cycle steps for time + weather. Initialized out of
     // range of the real values so the first press hits index 0 of the
@@ -589,31 +583,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     // single-flag reads instead of env-var lookups. True iff
     // ACDREAM_LIVE=1 was set when the window came up.
     // Backed by RuntimeOptions.LiveMode via the _options field.
-    private bool LiveModeEnabled => _options.LiveMode;
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// K-fix1 (2026-04-26): true iff live mode is configured AND we have
-    /// NOT yet handed control to the chase camera. Gates initial
-    /// streaming + scene rendering so the user never sees Holtburg flash
-    /// before login completes — the screen stays at the sky/fog clear
-    /// color until the player entity has spawned + the auto-entry guard
-    /// has triggered the player-mode controller's auto-entry edge.
-    /// Offline (LiveModeEnabled false) returns false → unchanged
-    /// orbit-camera Holtburg view stays the foreground. Once chase mode
-    /// is active the property latches false for the rest of the
-    /// session, even if the user later toggles into fly mode (we don't
-    /// want to re-blank the world after they've seen it).
-    /// </summary>
-    private bool IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin =>
-        LiveModeEnabled
-        && !_chaseModeEverEntered;
-
-    // Latches true the first time chase mode becomes active. Used by
-    // IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin to suppress the pre-login render gate
-    // for subsequent fly-mode toggles.
-    private bool _chaseModeEverEntered
-        => _localPlayerMode.ChaseModeEverEntered;
-
     /// <summary>
     /// Phase 6.6/6.7: server-guid → local WorldEntity lookup so
     /// UpdateMotion and UpdatePosition handlers can find the entity the
@@ -769,6 +738,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
 
     private void OnLoad()
     {
+        _worldSceneSkyState ??= new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneSkyState(
+            WorldTime);
         // Task 7: wire the physics data cache into the engine so Transition can
         // run narrow-phase BSP tests during FindObjCollisions.
         _physicsEngine.DataCache = _physicsDataCache;
@@ -1115,7 +1086,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
                         _debugVmRenderFacts.DebugVmFacts.NearestObjectLabel,
                     getColliding: () =>
                         _debugVmRenderFacts.DebugVmFacts.Colliding,
-                    getDebugWireframes:   () => _debugCollisionVisible,
+                    getDebugWireframes: () =>
+                        _worldSceneDebugState.CollisionWireframesVisible,
                     getStreamingRadius: () => _nearRadius,   // A.5 T16 follow-up: was _streamingRadius (legacy single-tier); show near tier
 
                     getMouseSensitivity: () => GetActiveSensitivity(),
@@ -2805,15 +2777,18 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         var teleportRenderState =
             new AcDream.App.Rendering.LocalPlayerTeleportRenderStateSource(
                 _localPlayerTeleport);
+        var renderLoginState = new AcDream.App.Rendering.RenderLoginStateSource(
+            _options.LiveMode,
+            _localPlayerMode);
+        var renderFrameGlState = new AcDream.App.Rendering.RenderFrameGlStateController(
+            new AcDream.App.Rendering.SilkRenderFrameGlStateApi(_gl!));
         _renderFrameLivePreparation =
             new AcDream.App.Rendering.RuntimeRenderFrameLivePreparation(
                 _textureCache,
                 _wbMeshAdapter,
                 _worldReveal,
                 teleportRenderState,
-                new AcDream.App.Rendering.RenderLoginStateSource(
+                renderLoginState,
-                    _options.LiveMode,
-                    _localPlayerMode),
                 new AcDream.App.Rendering.LiveLoginRevealCellSource(
                     _liveEntities!,
                     _localPlayerIdentity),
@@ -2841,7 +2816,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
                     Weather,
                     teleportRenderState,
                     _particleVisibility,
-                    _worldRenderDiagnostics!),
+                    _worldRenderDiagnostics!,
+                    renderFrameGlState),
                 _renderFrameLivePreparation);
         _renderWeatherFrame =
             new AcDream.App.Rendering.RenderWeatherFrameController(
@@ -2911,6 +2887,7 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         _retailPViewPassExecutor =
             new AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewPassExecutor(
                 _gl!,
+                renderFrameGlState,
                 new AcDream.App.Rendering.SilkRetailPViewFramebufferSource(
                     _window!),
                 _clipFrame!,
@@ -2924,6 +2901,48 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
                 _retailAlphaQueue,
                 _worldRenderDiagnostics!,
                 _terrainDrawDiagnostics);
+        var worldSceneDiagnostics =
+            new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneDiagnosticsController(
+                _worldRenderDiagnostics!,
+                new AcDream.App.Rendering.RuntimeWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource(
+                    _playerControllerSlot,
+                    _physicsEngine,
+                    _cellVisibility),
+                _worldSceneDebugState,
+                _debugLines,
+                _physicsEngine,
+                _localPlayerMode,
+                _playerControllerSlot,
+                _debugVmRenderFacts,
+                _debugVm is not null);
+        var worldScenePasses = new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldScenePassExecutor(
+            _gl!,
+            renderFrameGlState,
+            _clipFrame!,
+            _wbDrawDispatcher!,
+            _envCellRenderer!,
+            _terrain,
+            _terrainDrawDiagnostics,
+            _skyRenderer,
+            _particleSystem,
+            _particleRenderer);
+        _worldSceneRenderer = new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneRenderer(
+            _renderFrameResources,
+            renderLoginState,
+            _worldSceneSkyState!,
+            _worldRenderFrameBuilder,
+            new AcDream.App.Rendering.RuntimeWorldSceneEntitySource(_worldState),
+            _retailSelectionScene,
+            _retailAlphaQueue,
+            _particleVisibility,
+            new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldScenePViewRenderer(
+                _retailPViewRenderer!,
+                _retailPViewPassExecutor,
+                _retailPViewPassExecutor),
+            _retailPViewCells,
+            worldScenePasses,
+            _renderRange,
+            worldSceneDiagnostics);
         var liveFrameCoordinator = new AcDream.App.World.RetailLiveFrameCoordinator(
             liveObjectFrame,
             _worldState,
@@ -3400,7 +3419,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         Exception? renderFailure = null;
         try
         {
-        GL gl = _gl!;
             var frameInput = new AcDream.App.Rendering.RenderFrameInput(
                 deltaSeconds,
                 _window!.Size.X,
@@ -3414,10 +3432,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
             // CreatureMode; it does not redraw the world behind portal space.
             bool portalViewportVisible = foundation.PortalViewportVisible;
 
-        AcDream.Core.World.SkyKeyframe kf = foundation.Sky;
-        AcDream.Core.World.AtmosphereSnapshot atmo = foundation.Atmosphere;
-        bool environOverrideActive = foundation.EnvironOverrideActive;
-
             // Phase D.2a — begin ImGui frame. Paired with the Render() call
             // after the scene draws (below). ImGuiController.Update()
             // consumes buffered Silk.NET input events and calls ImGui.NewFrame.
@@ -3441,558 +3455,11 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
             // and the SkyRenderer.RenderWeather pass both pick up snow
             // weather meshes for free.)
 
-        int visibleLandblocks = 0;
+            AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldRenderFrameOutcome worldOutcome =
-        int totalLandblocks = 0;
+                _worldSceneRenderer!.Render(frameInput);
-        bool normalWorldDrawn = false;
+            int visibleLandblocks = worldOutcome.VisibleLandblocks;
-
+            int totalLandblocks = worldOutcome.TotalLandblocks;
-        _retailSelectionScene?.BeginFrame();
+            bool normalWorldDrawn = worldOutcome.NormalWorldDrawn;
-        if (_cameraController is not null && !portalViewportVisible)
-        {
-            _retailAlphaQueue.BeginFrame();
-            AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldRenderFrame worldFrame =
-                _worldRenderFrameBuilder!.Build(
-                    in foundation,
-                    IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin,
-                    _activeDayGroup);
-            AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldCameraFrame cameraFrame = worldFrame.Camera;
-            AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldRootFrame rootFrame = worldFrame.Roots;
-            var camera = cameraFrame.Camera;
-            var worldProjection = cameraFrame.Projection;
-            var frustum = cameraFrame.Frustum;
-            var camPos = cameraFrame.Position;
-            // The frame builder resolves retail's player-lighting root and
-            // collided-viewer render root before any draw decision is made.
-            LoadedCell? playerRoot = rootFrame.PlayerRoot;
-            bool playerSeenOutside = rootFrame.PlayerSeenOutside;
-            uint viewerCellId = rootFrame.ViewerCellId;
-            var viewerEyePos = rootFrame.ViewerEyePosition;
-            var playerViewPos = rootFrame.PlayerViewPosition;
-            LoadedCell? viewerRoot = rootFrame.ViewerRoot;
-            bool cameraInsideCell = rootFrame.CameraInsideCell;
-
-            // Never cull the landblock the player is currently on.
-            uint? playerLb = rootFrame.PlayerLandblockId;
-            int renderCenterLbX = rootFrame.RenderCenterLandblockX;
-            int renderCenterLbY = rootFrame.RenderCenterLandblockY;
-
-            var envCellViewProj = cameraFrame.ViewProjection;
-            HashSet<uint> animatedIds = worldFrame.AnimatedEntityIds;
-
-            // Phase G.1: sky renderer — draws the far-plane-infinity
-            // celestial meshes FIRST so the rest of the scene z-tests
-            // on top of them (depth mask off, no depth writes).
-            //
-            // Suppressed inside cells (the camera is in a sealed interior;
-            // no sky is visible). Mirrors retail's LScape::draw at 0x00506330
-            // which calls GameSky::Draw(0) (sky pass) BEFORE the landblock
-            // DrawBlock loop and GameSky::Draw(1) (weather pass) AFTER. The
-            // split matters because weather meshes (the 815m-tall rain
-            // cylinder 0x01004C42/0x01004C44) need to overlay terrain and
-            // entities to look volumetric — see the post-scene RenderWeather
-            // call further below.
-            // Stage 3 (2026-06-02): sky gate uses seen_outside per retail RenderNormalMode:92649.
-            // Outdoor root (cameraInsideCell=false): always render sky.
-            // Building interior (cameraInsideCell=true, rootSeenOutside=true): render sky — clipped
-            //   to the doorway via the OutsideView (Stage 4, below).
-            // Sealed dungeon (cameraInsideCell=true, rootSeenOutside=false): no sky.
-            bool renderSky = rootFrame.RenderSky;
-            // Phase W Stage 4 (2026-06-02): the sky/weather DRAW moved DOWN to its retail LScape
-            // position — AFTER the portal-visibility ClipFrame is assembled — so it can be clipped to
-            // the doorway (OutsideView) by sky.vert's gl_ClipDistance. See the "[Stage 4] sky
-            // pre-scene" block after UploadShared. renderSky is the seen_outside policy gate; the draw
-            // additionally requires an exit portal in view when indoors (drawSkyThisFrame, below).
-
-            // K-fix1 (2026-04-26): the pre-login world-suppression gate (goto SkipWorldGeometry)
-            // moved DOWN — below the sky pre-scene draw (Phase W Stage 4) — so the live sky still
-            // draws during the connection + EnterWorld handshake while the world geometry is skipped.
-            // See the gate just before the world-geometry clip bracket.
-
-            // Phase U.4: build the SHARED per-frame clip data from the portal-
-            // visibility result, ahead of both terrain and entity draws.
-            //
-            // Root: a non-null CameraCell means the camera is INSIDE a cell (indoor
-            // root) — run the portal-frame BFS (PortalVisibilityBuilder) and assemble
-            // a real ClipFrame (slot 0 no-clip, slot 1.. per visible cell + the
-            // OutsideView) + a cellId→slot map. A null CameraCell is the OUTDOOR root:
-            // no pvFrame, the frame stays no-clip, every instance is slot 0 and terrain
-            // draws normally — bit-identical to U.3 (outdoor→building peering is U.5).
-            //
-            // The single _clipFrame instance is RESET + repacked in place each frame.
-            // One SSBO and one range-addressed terrain UBO arena are reused per
-            // GPU-fenced frame slot; each renderer re-binds binding=2 defensively.
-            _clipFrame ??= ClipFrame.NoClip();
-
-            IReadOnlyList<LoadedCell> nearbyBuildingCells =
-                worldFrame.Buildings.NearbyBuildingCells;
-            bool playerIndoorGate = rootFrame.PlayerIndoorGate;
-            uint playerCellId = rootFrame.PlayerCellId;
-            // Render unification (outdoor-as-cell, 2026-06-07 cutover): ONE render path rooted at the
-            // VIEWER cell. Eye indoors -> its interior EnvCell (viewerRoot); eye outdoors -> the
-            // frame builder's synthetic outdoor node, built from nearby building entrances. The
-            // result is null ONLY when neither exists (pre-spawn / login / legacy non-chase camera) ->
-            // the outdoor LScape block below still runs as the safety path (and login still shows the
-            // live sky). There is no inside/outside branch to TOGGLE as the chase eye crosses the
-            // doorway boundary, so the indoor FLAP dies by construction. playerIndoorGate stays
-            // computed for the [render-sig] probe but no longer selects the path (handoff
-            // docs/research/2026-06-07-render-unification-cutover-flip-handoff.md section 4 Step B).
-            var clipRoot = worldFrame.ClipRoot;
-            string renderBranch = clipRoot is null
-                ? "OutdoorRoot"
-                : "RetailPViewInside";
-            ClipFrameAssembly? clipAssembly = null;
-            PortalVisibilityFrame? pvFrame = null; // R1: hoisted so the binary decision below reads OrderedVisibleCells
-            var terrainClipMode = TerrainClipMode.Planes; // overwritten below for indoor root
-            HashSet<uint>? envCellShellFilter = null; // drawable visible cells (cellIdToSlot keys)
-            PortalVisibilityFrame? sigPvFrame = null;
-            ClipFrameAssembly? sigClipAssembly = null;
-            IReadOnlySet<uint>? sigDrawableCells = null;
-            AcDream.App.Rendering.InteriorEntityPartition.Result? sigPartition = null;
-            PortalVisibilityFrame? sigExteriorPvFrame = null;
-            ClipFrameAssembly? sigExteriorClipAssembly = null;
-            IReadOnlySet<uint>? sigExteriorDrawableCells = null;
-            AcDream.App.Rendering.InteriorEntityPartition.Result? sigExteriorPartition = null;
-            bool sigTerrainDrawn = false;
-            bool sigSkyDrawn = false;
-            bool sigDepthClear = false;
-            bool sigOutdoorPortalDrawn = false;
-            bool sigOutdoorSceneryDrawn = false;
-            int sigOutdoorRootObjectCount = 0;
-            int sigLiveDynamicDrawnCount = 0;
-            string sigSceneParticles = "none";
-            _visibleSceneParticleEntityIds.Clear();
-            // Retail entry ownership: GameWindow never builds a second indoor PView product.
-            // Outdoor frames begin no-clip; indoor frames skip the global landscape block and let
-            // RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside own ConstructView -> DrawCells.
-            _clipFrame.Reset();
-            _wbDrawDispatcher?.ClearClipRouting();
-            _envCellRenderer?.SetClipRouting(null);
-            _interiorPartition = null;
-            if (clipRoot is not null)
-            {
-                clipAssembly = null;
-                pvFrame = null;
-                terrainClipMode = TerrainClipMode.Skip;
-                envCellShellFilter = null;
-                _interiorPartition = null;
-            }
-
-            if (clipRoot is null)
-            {
-                // Outdoor frames have one no-clip terrain state. Indoor frames
-                // defer both allocations to RetailPViewRenderer, which knows the
-                // exact slice count and packs every terrain state into one arena.
-                _clipFrame.ReserveTerrainUploads(gl, 1);
-                _clipFrame.UploadRegions(gl);
-                TerrainClipBufferBinding terrainBinding = _clipFrame.UploadTerrainClip(gl);
-                _wbDrawDispatcher?.SetClipRegionSsbo(_clipFrame.RegionSsbo);
-                _envCellRenderer?.SetClipRegionSsbo(_clipFrame.RegionSsbo);
-                _terrain?.SetClipUbo(terrainBinding);
-            }
-
-            bool drawSkyThisFrame = false;
-
-            if (clipRoot is null)
-            {
-                // ── Outdoor LScape entry ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
-                // Retail indoor frames do not pass through this block. If the player is indoors,
-                // PView::DrawInside owns landscape drawing through outside_view and the depth-only
-                // clear. This outdoor-only block is the LScape half of RenderNormalMode.
-                drawSkyThisFrame = renderSky;
-                sigSkyDrawn = drawSkyThisFrame;
-                if (drawSkyThisFrame)
-                {
-                    _clipFrame.BindTerrainClip(gl);
-                    for (int _cp = 0; _cp < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; _cp++)
-                        gl.Enable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + _cp);
-                    _skyRenderer?.RenderSky(camera, camPos, (float)WorldTime.DayFraction,
-                        _activeDayGroup, kf, environOverrideActive);
-                    for (int _cp = 0; _cp < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; _cp++)
-                        gl.Disable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + _cp);
-
-                    if (_particleSystem is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
-                        _particleRenderer.Draw(camera, camPos,
-                            AcDream.Core.Vfx.ParticleRenderPass.SkyPreScene);
-                }
-
-                // K-fix1 (2026-04-26): suppress terrain + entity rendering while live mode is configured
-                // but the chase camera hasn't engaged yet. The sky (above) still draws during login so the
-                // user sees a live, time-of-day-correct sky through the connection + EnterWorld handshake.
-                if (IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin)
-                    goto SkipWorldGeometry;
-
-                // Phase N.5b: wrap Draw in CPU stopwatch for [TERRAIN-DIAG] rollup.
-                EnableClipDistances();
-                _terrainDrawDiagnostics!.Begin();
-                sigTerrainDrawn = true;
-                _terrain?.Draw(camera, frustum, neverCullLandblockId: playerLb);
-                _terrainDrawDiagnostics.Complete();
-
-            }
-
-            // Reaching the retail normal-world decision below proves this is
-            // neither a portal replacement nor the sky-only login-wait path.
-            normalWorldDrawn = true;
-
-            // R1 — the binary render decision (retail RenderNormalMode @ 0x453aa0):
-            //   INDOOR root (clipRoot != null): run ONLY the per-cell DrawInside flood. The global
-            //     entity pass + global shell pass are NOT issued — visibility IS the cull, so the
-            //     outdoor world cannot bleed (it is never iterated; outdoor scenery entered above,
-            //     clipped to the doorway). DrawInside follows retail DrawCells order: reverse
-            //     cell_draw_list shell stage, then reverse object-list stage, per portal_view slice.
-            //   OUTDOOR root: draw the landscape/outdoor bucket first, then seed a reciprocal
-            //     portal frame from exterior-facing cell portals so peering through an open door
-            //     draws the indoor SHELL + its statics together. The old global pass drew indoor
-            //     statics without the EnvCell shells, which made walls look transparent from outside.
-            if (clipRoot is not null)
-            {
-                if (_retailPViewRenderer is null)
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Retail PView renderer is required for indoor frames.");
-
-                var pviewResult = _retailPViewRenderer.DrawInside(new AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewFrameInput
-                {
-                    RootCell = clipRoot,
-                    // R-A2: outdoor root floods each nearby building per-building (not via the root).
-                    // #124: interior roots get the gather too — the renderer routes them to the
-                    // landscape-stage look-in sub-pass instead of the merge.
-                    NearbyBuildingCells = nearbyBuildingCells,
-                    ViewerEyePos = viewerEyePos,
-                    ViewProjection = envCellViewProj,
-                    Cells = _retailPViewCells!,
-                    Camera = camera,
-                    CameraWorldPosition = camPos,
-                    // (#176 correction: the former RebuildScopedLights callback —
-                    // rebuilding the light pool from the frame's FLOOD — was the
-                    // flicker mechanism and is deleted. The pool is built once per
-                    // frame above, player-anchored, from all resident lights.)
-                    Frustum = frustum,
-                    PlayerLandblockId = playerLb,
-                    AnimatedEntityIds = animatedIds,
-                    RenderCenterLbX = renderCenterLbX,
-                    RenderCenterLbY = renderCenterLbY,
-                    RenderRadius = _nearRadius,
-                    LandblockEntries = _worldState.LandblockEntries,
-                    RenderSky = renderSky,
-                    RenderWeather = playerSeenOutside,
-                    DayFraction = (float)WorldTime.DayFraction,
-                    ActiveDayGroup = _activeDayGroup,
-                    SkyKeyframe = kf,
-                    EnvironOverrideActive = environOverrideActive,
-                    ViewerCellId = viewerCellId,
-                    PlayerCellId = playerCellId,
-                    PlayerViewPosition = playerViewPos,
-                    CameraView = camera.View,
-                    CameraCellResolution = _cellVisibility.LastCameraCellResolution,
-                }, _retailPViewPassExecutor
-                    ?? throw new InvalidOperationException(
-                        "Retail PView pass executor is required for indoor frames."));
-                pvFrame = pviewResult.PortalFrame;
-                clipAssembly = pviewResult.ClipAssembly;
-                envCellShellFilter = pviewResult.DrawableCells;
-                _interiorPartition = pviewResult.Partition;
-                _particleVisibility.MarkVisibleCells(pviewResult.DrawableCells);
-
-                // A7.L1: snapshot this frame's drawn cell set for NEXT frame's light-
-                // pool scoping. DrawableCells is the renderer's own reused scratch set
-                // (cleared/rebuilt every DrawInside call) — copy it, don't hold a
-                // reference to it.
-                _worldRenderFrameBuilder!.ObserveDrawableCells(pviewResult.DrawableCells);
-
-                // Flap root-cause apparatus (2026-06-07): per-frame, the EXACT Build inputs at 6 dp +
-                // the resulting flood count. The live flap shows flood flipping 2↔6 at an eye/player
-                // identical to cm; this answers whether the inputs differ sub-cm (jitter) or are
-                // byte-identical (nondeterminism). See RenderingDiagnostics.ProbePvInputEnabled.
-                if (AcDream.Core.Rendering.RenderingDiagnostics.ProbePvInputEnabled
-                    && pvFrame is not null)
-                {
-                    // 2026-06-08: disambiguate the idle flap. eye=camera eye-point (drives the flood);
-                    // player=RenderPosition (Lerp of physics, what the eye chases); rawPlayer=raw physics
-                    // body Position; yaw=camera/player heading (F8 rad to catch micro-drift). If the flood
-                    // flickers while idle, exactly one of {eye, player, rawPlayer, yaw} is the varying input.
-                    var pvRawPlayer = _playerController?.Position ?? playerViewPos;
-                    float pvYaw = _playerController?.Yaw ?? 0f;
-                    // §4 outdoor flap (2026-06-09): terrain height under the EYE — if the
-                    // camera boom is buried in a hillside (eyeAbove < 0), every nearby
-                    // terrain triangle backface-culls and the view punches through the
-                    // world to the clear color. Pin or refute eye-under-terrain.
-                    float? pvTerrZ = _physicsEngine.SampleTerrainZ(camPos.X, camPos.Y);
-                    _worldRenderDiagnostics?.EmitPViewInput(
-                        enabled: true,
-                        pvFrame,
-                        envCellViewProj,
-                        clipRoot.IsOutdoorNode,
-                        camPos,
-                        playerViewPos,
-                        pvRawPlayer,
-                        pvYaw,
-                        pvTerrZ);
-                }
-
-                sigPvFrame = pviewResult.PortalFrame;
-                sigClipAssembly = pviewResult.ClipAssembly;
-                sigDrawableCells = pviewResult.DrawableCells;
-                sigPartition = pviewResult.Partition;
-                sigTerrainDrawn = pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0;
-                sigSkyDrawn = renderSky && pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0;
-                sigDepthClear = pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0;
-                sigSceneParticles = (pviewResult.Partition.ByCell.Count > 0
-                                      || pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0)
-                    ? "pviewScoped"
-                    : sigSceneParticles;
-                sigOutdoorSceneryDrawn = pviewResult.Partition.OutdoorStatic.Count > 0
-                    && pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0;
-
-                // T1: DrawInside now draws ALL dynamics itself in its single
-                // last entity pass (DrawDynamicsLast) — the old LiveDynamic
-                // top-up draw is gone.
-                sigLiveDynamicDrawnCount = pviewResult.Partition.Dynamics.Count;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // T4 (BR-6): the old clipRoot==null mini-pipeline (outdoor
-                // partition + Chebyshev look-in gather + DrawPortal + dynamics
-                // fallback) is DELETED — it was the SECOND render path the
-                // one-gate rule forbids (legacy-outdoor-branch-remnant,
-                // adjusted-confirmed). clipRoot is null only when NO viewer
-                // cell exists at all (pre-login, fly/debug cameras, transient
-                // streaming gaps — the outdoor node covers every normal outdoor
-                // frame): draw the world flat through the dispatcher; floods
-                // resume the moment a viewer cell resolves.
-                _wbDrawDispatcher!.Draw(camera, _worldState.LandblockEntries, frustum,
-                    neverCullLandblockId: playerLb,
-                    visibleCellIds: null,
-                    animatedEntityIds: animatedIds);
-
-                // A7.L1: no indoor draw this frame — fail open (unscoped) rather than
-                // scoping next frame's light pool by a stale dungeon's cell ids.
-                _worldRenderFrameBuilder!.ClearDrawableCells();
-            }
-
-            // Phase U.3: close the world-geometry clip bracket opened above. From here down the
-            // scene particles, debug lines, and UI use shaders that do NOT write gl_ClipDistance, so
-            // the planes must be OFF to avoid the undefined-behavior clip. (The weather/rain pass
-            // below DOES use sky.vert — it re-enables the planes in its OWN local bracket; the sky
-            // pre-scene pass above already did the same. Both are scissored to the doorway too.)
-            for (int _cp = 0; _cp < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; _cp++)
-                gl.Disable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + _cp);
-
-            // Phase G.1 / E.3: draw all live particles after opaque
-            // scene geometry so alpha blending composites correctly.
-            // Runs with depth test on (particles occluded by walls)
-            // but depth write off (no self-occlusion sorting needed).
-            if (clipRoot is null && _particleSystem is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
-            {
-                if (clipAssembly is not null)
-                {
-                    sigSceneParticles = sigSceneParticles == "none" ? "filtered" : sigSceneParticles + "+filtered";
-                    _particleRenderer.DrawForOwners(
-                        camera,
-                        camPos,
-                        AcDream.Core.Vfx.ParticleRenderPass.Scene,
-                        _visibleSceneParticleEntityIds,
-                        includeUnattached: true,
-                        excludedAttachedOwnerIds: _noSceneParticleEntityIds);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    sigSceneParticles = sigSceneParticles == "none" ? "global" : sigSceneParticles + "+global";
-                    _particleRenderer.Draw(
-                        camera,
-                        camPos,
-                        AcDream.Core.Vfx.ParticleRenderPass.Scene);
-                }
-            }
-            else if (clipRoot is { IsOutdoorNode: true }
-                     && _particleSystem is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
-            {
-                // T3 (BR-5): unattached emitters (campfires, ground effects —
-                // AttachedObjectId == 0) under the OUTDOOR root. The outdoor
-                // root's outside view is full-screen (cone pass-all); depth
-                // test composites them against the world.
-                // #132 outdoor sibling: ATTACHED outdoor-static scene emitters
-                // (lantern/candle flames) moved here too — drawn in the
-                // landscape slice they were overpainted by merged building
-                // interiors (drawn later) whenever a punched aperture sat
-                // behind them. Post-frame, depth is complete and the flames
-                // composite correctly. The owner-id set is the late slice's
-                // (full-screen cone outdoors). Cell-pass and dynamics-pass
-                // emitters keep their own passes (no double-draw: their owners
-                // are never in the outdoor-static id set).
-                sigSceneParticles = sigSceneParticles == "none" ? "unattached" : sigSceneParticles + "+unattached";
-                _particleRenderer.DrawForOwners(
-                    camera,
-                    camPos,
-                    AcDream.Core.Vfx.ParticleRenderPass.Scene,
-                    _retailPViewPassExecutor!.OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds,
-                    includeUnattached: true);
-            }
-
-            // Bug A fix (post-#26 worktree, 2026-04-26): weather sky
-            // Outdoor LScape post-scene weather. Indoor weather through an exit portal is
-            // drawn by RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside via RetailPViewPassExecutor.
-            if (clipRoot is null && drawSkyThisFrame)
-            {
-                sigSkyDrawn = true;
-                _clipFrame.BindTerrainClip(gl);
-                for (int _cp = 0; _cp < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; _cp++)
-                    gl.Enable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + _cp);
-                _skyRenderer?.RenderWeather(camera, camPos, (float)WorldTime.DayFraction,
-                    _activeDayGroup, kf, environOverrideActive);
-                for (int _cp = 0; _cp < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; _cp++)
-                    gl.Disable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + _cp);
-
-                if (_particleSystem is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
-                    _particleRenderer.Draw(camera, camPos,
-                        AcDream.Core.Vfx.ParticleRenderPass.SkyPostScene);
-            }
-
-            _worldRenderDiagnostics?.EmitRenderSignatureIfChanged(
-                AcDream.Core.Rendering.RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeFlapEnabled,
-                renderBranch,
-                clipRoot,
-                viewerRoot,
-                playerRoot,
-                viewerCellId,
-                playerCellId,
-                playerIndoorGate,
-                cameraInsideCell,
-                renderSky,
-                drawSkyThisFrame,
-                sigTerrainDrawn,
-                terrainClipMode,
-                sigSkyDrawn,
-                sigDepthClear,
-                sigOutdoorSceneryDrawn,
-                sigOutdoorPortalDrawn,
-                sigOutdoorRootObjectCount,
-                sigLiveDynamicDrawnCount,
-                sigSceneParticles,
-                sigPvFrame,
-                sigClipAssembly,
-                sigDrawableCells,
-                sigPartition,
-                sigExteriorPvFrame,
-                sigExteriorClipAssembly,
-                sigExteriorDrawableCells,
-                sigExteriorPartition,
-                camPos,
-                playerViewPos);
-
-            // Debug: draw collision shapes as wireframe cylinders around the
-            // player so we can visually verify alignment with scenery meshes.
-            if (_debugCollisionVisible && _debugLines is not null)
-            {
-                _debugLines.Begin();
-
-                // Pick the center for the debug radius. Prefer player
-                // position in player mode, otherwise use camPos.
-                System.Numerics.Vector3 center;
-                if (_playerMode && _playerController is not null)
-                    center = _playerController.Position;
-                else
-                    center = camPos;
-
-                // Draw ALL registered shadow objects regardless of distance —
-                // if it has collision, it gets a wireframe. This lets the user
-                // see exactly what's in the collision registry at any moment.
-                int drawn = 0;
-                foreach (var obj in _physicsEngine.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug())
-                {
-                    var dx = obj.Position.X - center.X;
-                    var dy = obj.Position.Y - center.Y;
-
-                    if (obj.CollisionType == AcDream.Core.Physics.ShadowCollisionType.Cylinder)
-                    {
-                        float h = obj.CylHeight > 0 ? obj.CylHeight : obj.Radius * 2f;
-                        _debugLines.AddCylinder(
-                            obj.Position, obj.Radius, h,
-                            new System.Numerics.Vector3(0f, 1f, 0f)); // green cylinders
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // BSP: show a bounding sphere as a cylinder for visibility
-                        _debugLines.AddCylinder(
-                            obj.Position - new System.Numerics.Vector3(0, 0, obj.Radius),
-                            obj.Radius, obj.Radius * 2f,
-                            new System.Numerics.Vector3(1f, 0.5f, 0f)); // orange BSP
-                    }
-                    drawn++;
-                }
-
-                // Draw the player's collision sphere as a red cylinder (0.48m radius, 1.8m tall)
-                if (_playerMode && _playerController is not null)
-                {
-                    var pp = _playerController.Position;
-                    _debugLines.AddCylinder(
-                        new System.Numerics.Vector3(pp.X, pp.Y, pp.Z - 0.0f),
-                        0.48f, 1.8f,
-                        new System.Numerics.Vector3(1f, 0f, 0f)); // red player
-                }
-
-                if (_debugDrawLogOnce < 5 && _playerMode && _playerController is not null)
-                {
-                    var pp = _playerController.Position;
-                    Console.WriteLine(
-                        $"debug frame {_debugDrawLogOnce}: player=({pp.X:F1},{pp.Y:F1},{pp.Z:F1}) drew={drawn} " +
-                        $"totalReg={_physicsEngine.ShadowObjects.TotalRegistered}");
-                    // Sample 3 nearest shadow objects
-                    int logged = 0;
-                    foreach (var o in _physicsEngine.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug())
-                    {
-                        var dx = o.Position.X - pp.X;
-                        var dy = o.Position.Y - pp.Y;
-                        float dh = MathF.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
-                        if (dh < 10f)
-                        {
-                            Console.WriteLine($"  near id=0x{o.EntityId:X8} type={o.CollisionType} pos=({o.Position.X:F1},{o.Position.Y:F1},{o.Position.Z:F1}) r={o.Radius:F2} h={o.CylHeight:F2} dh={dh:F2}");
-                            if (++logged >= 5) break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _debugDrawLogOnce++;
-                }
-                _debugLines.Flush(camera.View, worldProjection);
-            }
-
-            // Count visible vs total for the perf overlay.
-            foreach (var entry in _worldState.LandblockBounds)
-            {
-                totalLandblocks++;
-                if (AcDream.App.Rendering.FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(frustum, entry.AabbMin, entry.AabbMax))
-                    visibleLandblocks++;
-            }
-
-            // Phase I.2: refresh per-frame fields that DebugVM closures
-            // can't compute lazily (frustum-derived counters + nearest-
-            // object scan). Every other DebugVM field reads through to
-            // the live source via its closure. Skipped entirely when
-            // devtools are off — avoids the nearest-object O(N) scan in
-            // the hot path of an offline render.
-            if (_debugVm is not null)
-            {
-                System.Numerics.Vector3 debugNearestOrigin =
-                    _playerMode && _playerController is not null
-                        ? _playerController.Position
-                        : camPos;
-                _debugVmRenderFacts.PublishDebugVmFacts(
-                    consumerActive: true,
-                    visibleLandblocks,
-                    totalLandblocks,
-                    debugNearestOrigin,
-                    _physicsEngine.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug());
-            }
-
-            // K-fix1 (2026-04-26): jump target for IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin —
-            // skips the world geometry pass before login. ImGui (chat,
-            // debug, settings panels) and the menu bar still render
-            // below. Sky has already drawn before this label so the
-            // pre-login screen shows a live, correctly-tinted sky and
-            // nothing else.
-        SkipWorldGeometry:
-            _retailAlphaQueue.EndFrame();
-            if (_terrain is not null)
-                _particleVisibility.MarkVisibleCells(_terrain.VisibleCellIds);
-            _particleVisibility.CompleteFrame();
-        }
-        _retailSelectionScene?.CompleteFrame();
 
             // Retail gmSmartBoxUI swaps the world SmartBox viewport for a
             // CreatureMode portal-space viewport. The world block above is skipped
@@ -4139,7 +3606,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     /// within the same server-day. Swaps both the
     /// <see cref="AcDream.Core.World.SkyStateProvider"/> feeding
     /// <see cref="WorldTime"/> (for lighting interp) and the cached
-    /// <see cref="_activeDayGroup"/> (for the sky-object render loop).
+    /// <see cref="WorldSceneSkyState.ActiveDayGroup"/> (for the sky-object
+    /// render loop).
     ///
     /// <para>
     /// Honors <c>ACDREAM_DAY_GROUP=N</c> — when set, every call picks
@@ -4186,12 +3654,16 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
             : null;
 
         bool dayChanged = dayIndex != _loadedSkyDayIndex;
-        bool groupChanged = !ReferenceEquals(grp, _activeDayGroup);
+        bool groupChanged = !ReferenceEquals(
+            grp,
+            _worldSceneSkyState?.ActiveDayGroup);
 
         if (!dayChanged && !groupChanged) return;
 
         _loadedSkyDayIndex = dayIndex;
-        _activeDayGroup = grp;
+        (_worldSceneSkyState
+            ??= new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneSkyState(WorldTime))
+            .ActiveDayGroup = grp;
 
         if (grp is not null && grp.SkyTimes.Count > 0)
         {
@@ -4214,18 +3686,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         }
     }
 
-    private void EnableClipDistances()
-    {
-        for (int i = 0; i < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; i++)
-            _gl!.Enable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + i);
-    }
-
-    private void DisableClipDistances()
-    {
-        for (int i = 0; i < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; i++)
-            _gl!.Disable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + i);
-    }
-
     // ── Phase I.2 — DebugPanel helpers ────────────────────────────────
     //
     // The ImGui DebugPanel reads through DebugVM closures that ask
@@ -4343,8 +3803,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     /// </summary>
     private void ToggleCollisionWires()
     {
-        _debugCollisionVisible = !_debugCollisionVisible;
+        bool visible = _worldSceneDebugState.ToggleCollisionWireframes();
-        _debugVm?.AddToast($"Collision wireframes {(_debugCollisionVisible ? "ON" : "OFF")}");
+        _debugVm?.AddToast($"Collision wireframes {(visible ? "ON" : "OFF")}");
     }
 
     // Phase K.3 settings state remains runtime-owned; the presenter owns the
@@ -5103,7 +4563,9 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
         [
             new("world frame composition", () =>
             {
+                _worldSceneRenderer = null;
                 _worldRenderFrameBuilder = null;
+                _worldSceneSkyState = null;
                 _skyPesFrame = null;
                 _retailPViewPassExecutor = null;
                 _retailPViewCells = null;

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/PortalDepthMaskRenderer.cs

@@ -377,7 +377,9 @@ void main() { }   // depth-only: color writes are masked off by the caller state
         _gl.ColorMask(true, true, true, true);
         _gl.DepthMask(true);
         _gl.DepthFunc(DepthFunction.Less);
-        _gl.Enable(EnableCap.CullFace);
+        // Renderers opt into culling locally; the shared frame convention is
+        // cull-off. Keep this success exit identical to frame-abort recovery.
+        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.CullFace);
         _gl.CullFace(TriangleFace.Back);
         _gl.FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection.CW);
         _gl.UseProgram(0);

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RenderFrameGlStateController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+using Silk.NET.OpenGL;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+internal interface IRenderFrameGlState
+{
+    void RestoreFrameDefaults();
+}
+
+internal interface IRenderFrameGlStateApi
+{
+    void SetCapability(EnableCap capability, bool enabled);
+
+    void ColorMask(bool red, bool green, bool blue, bool alpha);
+
+    void StencilMask(uint mask);
+
+    void DepthMask(bool enabled);
+
+    void DepthFunc(DepthFunction function);
+
+    void CullFace(TriangleFace face);
+
+    void FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection direction);
+
+    void UseProgram(uint program);
+
+    void BindVertexArray(uint vertexArray);
+
+    void BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB target, uint buffer);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SilkRenderFrameGlStateApi : IRenderFrameGlStateApi
+{
+    private readonly GL _gl;
+
+    public SilkRenderFrameGlStateApi(GL gl)
+    {
+        _gl = gl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gl));
+    }
+
+    public void SetCapability(EnableCap capability, bool enabled)
+    {
+        if (enabled)
+            _gl.Enable(capability);
+        else
+            _gl.Disable(capability);
+    }
+
+    public void ColorMask(bool red, bool green, bool blue, bool alpha) =>
+        _gl.ColorMask(red, green, blue, alpha);
+
+    public void StencilMask(uint mask) => _gl.StencilMask(mask);
+
+    public void DepthMask(bool enabled) => _gl.DepthMask(enabled);
+
+    public void DepthFunc(DepthFunction function) => _gl.DepthFunc(function);
+
+    public void CullFace(TriangleFace face) => _gl.CullFace(face);
+
+    public void FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection direction) => _gl.FrontFace(direction);
+
+    public void UseProgram(uint program) => _gl.UseProgram(program);
+
+    public void BindVertexArray(uint vertexArray) => _gl.BindVertexArray(vertexArray);
+
+    public void BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB target, uint buffer) =>
+        _gl.BindBuffer(target, buffer);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Restores the frame-global OpenGL convention shared by frame clear and
+/// exceptional world-pass rollback. This prevents a failed doorway scissor or
+/// portal depth mask from clipping/color-masking the next frame's clear.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class RenderFrameGlStateController : IRenderFrameGlState
+{
+    private readonly IRenderFrameGlStateApi _gl;
+
+    public RenderFrameGlStateController(IRenderFrameGlStateApi gl)
+    {
+        _gl = gl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gl));
+    }
+
+    public void RestoreFrameDefaults()
+    {
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.ScissorTest, enabled: false);
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.StencilTest, enabled: false);
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.Blend, enabled: false);
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.SampleAlphaToCoverage, enabled: false);
+        for (int index = 0; index < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; index++)
+        {
+            _gl.SetCapability(
+                EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + index,
+                enabled: false);
+        }
+
+        _gl.ColorMask(true, true, true, true);
+        _gl.StencilMask(0xFF);
+        _gl.DepthMask(true);
+        _gl.DepthFunc(DepthFunction.Less);
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.DepthTest, enabled: true);
+        // Renderers that need face culling establish it locally. The shared
+        // frame convention is culling off; SkyRenderer restores the state it
+        // observed, so enabling it here would leak culling into later passes.
+        _gl.SetCapability(EnableCap.CullFace, enabled: false);
+        _gl.CullFace(TriangleFace.Back);
+        _gl.FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection.CW);
+        _gl.UseProgram(0);
+        _gl.BindVertexArray(0);
+        _gl.BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB.ArrayBuffer, 0);
+    }
+}

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RenderFrameResourceController.cs

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ internal interface IRenderFrameClearPhase
     RenderFrameFoundation Clear();
 }
 
+internal interface IRenderFrameFoundationSource
+{
+    RenderFrameFoundation Foundation { get; }
+}
+
 internal interface IRenderFrameLivePreparation
 {
     void Prepare(int gpuSlot);
@@ -43,7 +48,9 @@ internal interface IRenderFrameLivePreparation
 /// typed phases preserve resource begin, clear/state, then live publication
 /// order without exposing a renderer service bag.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class RenderFrameResourceController : IRenderFrameResourcePhase
+internal sealed class RenderFrameResourceController :
+    IRenderFrameResourcePhase,
+    IRenderFrameFoundationSource
 {
     private readonly IRenderFrameSlotSource _frameSlots;
     private readonly IRenderFrameBeginResources _resources;
@@ -162,6 +169,7 @@ internal sealed class RuntimeRenderFrameClearPhase : IRenderFrameClearPhase
     private readonly IRenderFramePortalStateSource _portal;
     private readonly ParticleVisibilityController _particleVisibility;
     private readonly WorldRenderDiagnostics _diagnostics;
+    private readonly IRenderFrameGlState _frameGlState;
 
     public RuntimeRenderFrameClearPhase(
         GL gl,
@@ -169,7 +177,8 @@ internal sealed class RuntimeRenderFrameClearPhase : IRenderFrameClearPhase
         WeatherSystem weather,
         IRenderFramePortalStateSource portal,
         ParticleVisibilityController particleVisibility,
-        WorldRenderDiagnostics diagnostics)
+        WorldRenderDiagnostics diagnostics,
+        IRenderFrameGlState frameGlState)
     {
         _gl = gl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gl));
         _worldTime = worldTime ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(worldTime));
@@ -178,6 +187,8 @@ internal sealed class RuntimeRenderFrameClearPhase : IRenderFrameClearPhase
         _particleVisibility = particleVisibility
             ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(particleVisibility));
         _diagnostics = diagnostics ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(diagnostics));
+        _frameGlState = frameGlState
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(frameGlState));
     }
 
     public RenderFrameFoundation Clear()
@@ -203,13 +214,11 @@ internal sealed class RuntimeRenderFrameClearPhase : IRenderFrameClearPhase
                 1f);
         }
 
-        _gl.DepthMask(true);
+        _frameGlState.RestoreFrameDefaults();
         _gl.Clear(
             ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit
             | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit
             | ClearBufferMask.StencilBufferBit);
-        _gl.CullFace(TriangleFace.Back);
-        _gl.FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection.CW);
         _diagnostics.EmitGlStateTripwireIfChanged(
             AcDream.Core.Rendering.RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeGlStateEnabled);
 

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailAlphaQueue.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.ExceptionServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
@@ -56,7 +57,16 @@ internal readonly record struct RetailAlphaSubmission(
 /// material/renderer sort.</item>
 /// </list>
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class RetailAlphaQueue
+internal interface IWorldSceneAlphaFrame
+{
+    void BeginFrame();
+
+    void EndFrame();
+
+    void AbortFrame();
+}
+
+internal sealed class RetailAlphaQueue : IWorldSceneAlphaFrame
 {
     private readonly List<RetailAlphaSubmission> _submissions = new(256);
     private readonly List<IRetailAlphaDrawSource> _sources = new(4);
@@ -108,11 +118,12 @@ internal sealed class RetailAlphaQueue
         if (!IsCollecting)
             throw new InvalidOperationException("Retail alpha flush requires an active frame.");
 
+        Exception? drawFailure = null;
+        List<Exception>? resetFailures = null;
         try
         {
-            if (_submissions.Count == 0)
+            if (_submissions.Count > 0)
-                return;
+            {
-
                 SortRetailOrder();
                 EnsureTokenCapacity(_submissions.Count);
                 EnsureSourceCapacity(_sources.Count);
@@ -153,13 +164,47 @@ internal sealed class RetailAlphaQueue
                     start = end;
                 }
             }
+        }
+        catch (Exception error)
+        {
+            drawFailure = error;
+        }
         finally
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < _sources.Count; i++)
+            {
+                try
+                {
                     _sources[i].ResetAlphaSubmissions();
+                }
+                catch (Exception error)
+                {
+                    (resetFailures ??= []).Add(error);
+                }
+            }
             _sources.Clear();
             _submissions.Clear();
         }
+
+        if (drawFailure is not null)
+        {
+            if (resetFailures is { Count: > 0 })
+            {
+                resetFailures.Insert(0, drawFailure);
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "Retail alpha drawing failed and its submissions could not be fully reset.",
+                    resetFailures);
+            }
+
+            ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(drawFailure).Throw();
+        }
+
+        if (resetFailures is { Count: > 0 })
+        {
+            throw new AggregateException(
+                "Retail alpha submissions could not be fully reset.",
+                resetFailures);
+        }
     }
 
     public void EndFrame()
@@ -177,6 +222,39 @@ internal sealed class RetailAlphaQueue
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Discards an incomplete frame without drawing it. Every source is still
+    /// told to release its retained submission payload so the next frame begins
+    /// from the same empty invariant as a successful flush.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void AbortFrame()
+    {
+        List<Exception>? failures = null;
+        try
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < _sources.Count; i++)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    _sources[i].ResetAlphaSubmissions();
+                }
+                catch (Exception error)
+                {
+                    (failures ??= []).Add(error);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _sources.Clear();
+            _submissions.Clear();
+            IsCollecting = false;
+        }
+
+        if (failures is { Count: > 0 })
+            throw new AggregateException("Retail alpha frame abort failed.", failures);
+    }
+
     private void SortRetailOrder()
     {
         int count = _submissions.Count;

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewPassExecutor.cs

@@ -74,9 +74,17 @@ internal sealed class RetailPViewParticleClassifications
 /// cell shells/objects, then surviving dynamics. Landscape sky/terrain/weather
 /// placement follows <c>LScape::draw @ 0x00506330</c>.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutor : IRetailPViewPassExecutor
+internal interface IOutdoorSceneParticleOwnerSource
+{
+    IReadOnlySet<uint> OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds { get; }
+}
+
+internal sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutor :
+    IRetailPViewPassExecutor,
+    IOutdoorSceneParticleOwnerSource
 {
     private readonly GL _gl;
+    private readonly IRenderFrameGlState _frameGlState;
     private readonly IRetailPViewFramebufferSource _framebuffer;
     private readonly ClipFrame _clipFrame;
     private readonly TerrainModernRenderer? _terrain;
@@ -101,6 +109,7 @@ internal sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutor : IRetailPViewPassExecutor
 
     public RetailPViewPassExecutor(
         GL gl,
+        IRenderFrameGlState frameGlState,
         IRetailPViewFramebufferSource framebuffer,
         ClipFrame clipFrame,
         TerrainModernRenderer? terrain,
@@ -115,6 +124,8 @@ internal sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutor : IRetailPViewPassExecutor
         TerrainDrawDiagnosticsController terrainDiagnostics)
     {
         _gl = gl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gl));
+        _frameGlState = frameGlState
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(frameGlState));
         _framebuffer = framebuffer
             ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(framebuffer));
         _clipFrame = clipFrame ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(clipFrame));
@@ -136,6 +147,28 @@ internal sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutor : IRetailPViewPassExecutor
         _particleClassifications.BeginFrame();
     }
 
+    public void AbortFrame()
+    {
+        List<Exception>? failures = null;
+        TryAbort(_frameGlState.RestoreFrameDefaults);
+        TryAbort(_particleClassifications.BeginFrame);
+        TryAbort(_noSceneParticleEntityIds.Clear);
+        if (failures is { Count: > 0 })
+            throw new AggregateException("Retail PView pass abort failed.", failures);
+
+        void TryAbort(Action operation)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                operation();
+            }
+            catch (Exception error)
+            {
+                (failures ??= []).Add(error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public ClipFrameAssembly AssembleClipFrame(
         PortalVisibilityFrame portalFrame,
         ClipFrameAssembly reuseAssembly) =>

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs

@@ -889,6 +889,7 @@ public interface IRetailPViewCellSource
 /// </summary>
 public interface IRetailPViewPassExecutor
 {
+    void AbortFrame();
     void BeginFrame();
     ClipFrameAssembly AssembleClipFrame(
         PortalVisibilityFrame portalFrame,
@@ -1118,7 +1119,8 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewFrameInput
     public required int RenderRadius { get; init; }
     public required IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax,
         IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
-        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> LandblockEntries { get; init; }
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> LandblockEntries
+    { get; init; }
 
     // Pass-presentation and diagnostic values consumed synchronously by the
     // typed executor. This input is data-only and is never retained.

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Selection/RetailSelectionScene.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,19 @@ namespace AcDream.App.Rendering.Selection;
 /// The renderer builds one frame while input queries the previously completed
 /// frame, avoiding partial visibility state during multi-slice portal drawing.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class RetailSelectionScene : IRetailSelectionRenderSink, IRetailSelectionLightingSource
+internal interface IWorldSceneSelectionFrame
+{
+    void BeginFrame();
+
+    void CompleteFrame();
+
+    void AbortFrame();
+}
+
+internal sealed class RetailSelectionScene :
+    IRetailSelectionRenderSink,
+    IRetailSelectionLightingSource,
+    IWorldSceneSelectionFrame
 {
     private readonly IRetailSelectionGeometrySource _geometry;
     private readonly RetailSelectionLightingPulse _lightingPulse;
@@ -100,6 +112,15 @@ internal sealed class RetailSelectionScene : IRetailSelectionRenderSink, IRetail
         (_published, _building) = (_building, _published);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Discards the incomplete building frame and preserves the last
+    /// completely published selection product.</summary>
+    public void AbortFrame()
+    {
+        _building.Clear();
+        _buildingKeys.Clear();
+        _viewFrustum = null;
+    }
+
     public RetailSelectionHit? Pick(
         float mouseX,
         float mouseY,

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Vfx/ParticleVisibilityController.cs

@@ -3,13 +3,22 @@ using AcDream.Core.Vfx;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Rendering.Vfx;
 
+internal interface IWorldSceneParticleVisibility
+{
+    void MarkVisibleCells(HashSet<uint> cellIds);
+
+    void CompleteFrame();
+
+    void AbortFrame();
+}
+
 /// <summary>
 /// Bridges the retained retail PView result into the next physics update's
 /// <c>CObjCell::IsInView</c> particle gate. The controller owns only immutable
 /// frame meaning: one completed viewer position plus the AC cells admitted by
 /// that completed view. It neither creates emitters nor performs rendering.
 /// </summary>
-public sealed class ParticleVisibilityController
+public sealed class ParticleVisibilityController : IWorldSceneParticleVisibility
 {
     public const float ExtendedRangeMultiplier = 2f;
 
@@ -70,6 +79,15 @@ public sealed class ParticleVisibilityController
         _hasCompletedWorldView = true;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Discards the in-progress visibility product while preserving
+    /// the last completed view consumed by the update thread.</summary>
+    public void AbortFrame()
+    {
+        _buildingCellIds.Clear();
+        _frameUsesWorldView = false;
+        _frameOpen = false;
+    }
+
     public void Apply(ParticleSystem particles, float rangeMultiplier)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(particles);

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldRenderFrameBuilder.cs

@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ internal readonly record struct WorldRenderFrame(
     public LoadedCell? ClipRoot => Roots.ViewerRoot ?? Buildings.OutdoorNode;
 }
 
+internal interface IWorldRenderFrameBuilder
+{
+    WorldRenderFrame Build(
+        in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+        bool waitingForLogin,
+        DayGroupData? activeDayGroup);
+
+    void ObserveDrawableCells(IReadOnlySet<uint> drawableCells);
+
+    void ClearDrawableCells();
+}
+
 internal interface IWorldFrameCameraSource
 {
     WorldCameraFrame Resolve();
@@ -113,7 +125,7 @@ internal interface IWorldFrameBuildingSource
 /// Orders typed world-frame fact sources without owning their borrowed render
 /// resources. It makes no draw decision and retains no result from a prior call.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class WorldRenderFrameBuilder
+internal sealed class WorldRenderFrameBuilder : IWorldRenderFrameBuilder
 {
     private readonly IWorldFrameCameraSource _camera;
     private readonly IWorldFrameVisibilityPreparation _visibility;

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldSceneDiagnosticsController.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.App.Input;
+using AcDream.Core.Physics;
+using AcDream.Core.Rendering;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+internal readonly record struct WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome(
+    int VisibleLandblocks,
+    int TotalLandblocks);
+
+internal interface IWorldSceneDiagnostics
+{
+    CameraCellResolution CameraCellResolution { get; }
+
+    void EmitPViewInput(
+        PortalVisibilityFrame portalFrame,
+        Matrix4x4 viewProjection,
+        LoadedCell clipRoot,
+        Vector3 cameraPosition,
+        Vector3 playerPosition);
+
+    void EmitRenderSignature(
+        string branch,
+        LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+        LoadedCell? viewerRoot,
+        LoadedCell? playerRoot,
+        uint viewerCellId,
+        uint playerCellId,
+        bool playerIndoorGate,
+        bool cameraInsideCell,
+        bool renderSky,
+        bool drawSkyThisFrame,
+        bool terrainDrawn,
+        TerrainClipMode terrainClipMode,
+        bool skyDrawn,
+        bool depthClear,
+        bool outdoorSceneryDrawn,
+        int liveDynamicDrawnCount,
+        string sceneParticles,
+        RetailPViewFrameResult? pviewResult,
+        Vector3 cameraPosition,
+        Vector3 playerPosition);
+
+    WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome DrawAndPublish(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> bounds);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Owns world-pass probes, collision wireframes, and the DebugVM facts derived
+/// from one completed normal-world draw. None of these diagnostics influence
+/// visibility or pass ordering.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WorldSceneDiagnosticsController : IWorldSceneDiagnostics
+{
+    private readonly WorldRenderDiagnostics _diagnostics;
+    private readonly IWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource _pview;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneDebugStateSource _state;
+    private readonly DebugLineRenderer? _lines;
+    private readonly PhysicsEngine _physics;
+    private readonly ILocalPlayerModeSource _mode;
+    private readonly ILocalPlayerControllerSource _player;
+    private readonly DebugVmRenderFactsPublisher _debugVm;
+    private readonly bool _debugVmConsumerActive;
+    private int _debugDrawLogCount;
+
+    public WorldSceneDiagnosticsController(
+        WorldRenderDiagnostics diagnostics,
+        IWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource pview,
+        IWorldSceneDebugStateSource state,
+        DebugLineRenderer? lines,
+        PhysicsEngine physics,
+        ILocalPlayerModeSource mode,
+        ILocalPlayerControllerSource player,
+        DebugVmRenderFactsPublisher debugVm,
+        bool debugVmConsumerActive)
+    {
+        _diagnostics = diagnostics ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(diagnostics));
+        _pview = pview ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pview));
+        _state = state ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(state));
+        _lines = lines;
+        _physics = physics ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(physics));
+        _mode = mode ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mode));
+        _player = player ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(player));
+        _debugVm = debugVm ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(debugVm));
+        _debugVmConsumerActive = debugVmConsumerActive;
+    }
+
+    public CameraCellResolution CameraCellResolution => _pview.CameraCellResolution;
+
+    public void EmitPViewInput(
+        PortalVisibilityFrame portalFrame,
+        Matrix4x4 viewProjection,
+        LoadedCell clipRoot,
+        Vector3 cameraPosition,
+        Vector3 playerPosition)
+    {
+        if (!RenderingDiagnostics.ProbePvInputEnabled)
+            return;
+
+        _diagnostics.EmitPViewInput(
+            enabled: true,
+            portalFrame,
+            viewProjection,
+            clipRoot.IsOutdoorNode,
+            cameraPosition,
+            playerPosition,
+            _pview.RawPlayerPositionOr(playerPosition),
+            _pview.PlayerYaw,
+            _pview.SampleTerrainZ(cameraPosition.X, cameraPosition.Y));
+    }
+
+    public void EmitRenderSignature(
+        string branch,
+        LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+        LoadedCell? viewerRoot,
+        LoadedCell? playerRoot,
+        uint viewerCellId,
+        uint playerCellId,
+        bool playerIndoorGate,
+        bool cameraInsideCell,
+        bool renderSky,
+        bool drawSkyThisFrame,
+        bool terrainDrawn,
+        TerrainClipMode terrainClipMode,
+        bool skyDrawn,
+        bool depthClear,
+        bool outdoorSceneryDrawn,
+        int liveDynamicDrawnCount,
+        string sceneParticles,
+        RetailPViewFrameResult? pviewResult,
+        Vector3 cameraPosition,
+        Vector3 playerPosition)
+    {
+        _diagnostics.EmitRenderSignatureIfChanged(
+            RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeFlapEnabled,
+            branch,
+            clipRoot,
+            viewerRoot,
+            playerRoot,
+            viewerCellId,
+            playerCellId,
+            playerIndoorGate,
+            cameraInsideCell,
+            renderSky,
+            drawSkyThisFrame,
+            terrainDrawn,
+            terrainClipMode,
+            skyDrawn,
+            depthClear,
+            outdoorSceneryDrawn,
+            outdoorPortalDrawn: false,
+            outdoorRootObjectCount: 0,
+            liveDynamicDrawnCount,
+            sceneParticles,
+            pviewResult?.PortalFrame,
+            pviewResult?.ClipAssembly,
+            pviewResult?.DrawableCells,
+            pviewResult?.Partition,
+            exteriorPortalFrame: null,
+            exteriorClipAssembly: null,
+            exteriorDrawableCells: null,
+            exteriorPartition: null,
+            cameraPosition,
+            playerPosition);
+    }
+
+    public WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome DrawAndPublish(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> bounds)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(bounds);
+        DrawCollisionWireframes(in camera);
+
+        int visible = 0;
+        int total = 0;
+        foreach (var entry in bounds)
+        {
+            total++;
+            if (FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(
+                    camera.Frustum,
+                    entry.AabbMin,
+                    entry.AabbMax))
+            {
+                visible++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Vector3 nearestOrigin =
+            _mode.IsPlayerMode && _player.Controller is { } controller
+                ? controller.Position
+                : camera.Position;
+        _debugVm.PublishDebugVmFacts(
+            _debugVmConsumerActive,
+            visible,
+            total,
+            nearestOrigin,
+            _physics.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug());
+        return new WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome(visible, total);
+    }
+
+    private void DrawCollisionWireframes(in WorldCameraFrame camera)
+    {
+        if (!_state.CollisionWireframesVisible || _lines is null)
+            return;
+
+        _lines.Begin();
+        int drawn = 0;
+        foreach (ShadowEntry shadow in _physics.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug())
+        {
+            if (shadow.CollisionType == ShadowCollisionType.Cylinder)
+            {
+                float height = shadow.CylHeight > 0f
+                    ? shadow.CylHeight
+                    : shadow.Radius * 2f;
+                _lines.AddCylinder(
+                    shadow.Position,
+                    shadow.Radius,
+                    height,
+                    new Vector3(0f, 1f, 0f));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _lines.AddCylinder(
+                    shadow.Position - new Vector3(0f, 0f, shadow.Radius),
+                    shadow.Radius,
+                    shadow.Radius * 2f,
+                    new Vector3(1f, 0.5f, 0f));
+            }
+            drawn++;
+        }
+
+        if (_mode.IsPlayerMode && _player.Controller is { } localPlayer)
+        {
+            Vector3 position = localPlayer.Position;
+            _lines.AddCylinder(
+                new Vector3(position.X, position.Y, position.Z),
+                DebugVmRenderFactsPublisher.PlayerCollisionRadius,
+                1.8f,
+                new Vector3(1f, 0f, 0f));
+            LogNearbyCollisionObjects(position, drawn);
+        }
+
+        _lines.Flush(camera.Camera.View, camera.Projection);
+    }
+
+    private void LogNearbyCollisionObjects(Vector3 playerPosition, int drawn)
+    {
+        if (_debugDrawLogCount >= 5)
+            return;
+
+        Console.WriteLine(
+            $"debug frame {_debugDrawLogCount}: player=({playerPosition.X:F1},{playerPosition.Y:F1},{playerPosition.Z:F1}) drew={drawn} "
+            + $"totalReg={_physics.ShadowObjects.TotalRegistered}");
+        int logged = 0;
+        foreach (ShadowEntry shadow in _physics.ShadowObjects.AllEntriesForDebug())
+        {
+            float dx = shadow.Position.X - playerPosition.X;
+            float dy = shadow.Position.Y - playerPosition.Y;
+            float horizontalDistance = MathF.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+            if (horizontalDistance >= 10f)
+                continue;
+
+            Console.WriteLine(
+                $"  near id=0x{shadow.EntityId:X8} type={shadow.CollisionType} "
+                + $"pos=({shadow.Position.X:F1},{shadow.Position.Y:F1},{shadow.Position.Z:F1}) "
+                + $"r={shadow.Radius:F2} h={shadow.CylHeight:F2} dh={horizontalDistance:F2}");
+            if (++logged >= 5)
+                break;
+        }
+        _debugDrawLogCount++;
+    }
+}

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldScenePassExecutor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Sky;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb;
+using AcDream.Core.Rendering;
+using AcDream.Core.Vfx;
+using AcDream.Core.World;
+using Silk.NET.OpenGL;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+internal interface IWorldScenePassExecutor
+{
+    HashSet<uint>? TerrainVisibleCellIds { get; }
+
+    void BeginFrame();
+
+    void PrepareFlatWorldClip();
+
+    void DrawFlatSky(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+        DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+        float dayFraction);
+
+    void DrawFlatTerrain(in WorldCameraFrame camera, uint? playerLandblockId);
+
+    void DrawFlatEntities(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, System.Numerics.Vector3 AabbMin,
+            System.Numerics.Vector3 AabbMax,
+            IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+            IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> entries,
+        uint? playerLandblockId,
+        HashSet<uint> animatedEntityIds);
+
+    string DrawPostWorldParticles(
+        LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+        ClipFrameAssembly? clipAssembly,
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IReadOnlySet<uint> outdoorOwnerIds,
+        string currentSignature);
+
+    void DrawFlatWeather(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+        DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+        float dayFraction);
+
+    void DisableClipDistances();
+
+    void AbortFrame();
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Concrete GL leaf for the flat-world safety path and the post-world particle
+/// and weather passes. Retail PView frames remain owned by
+/// <see cref="RetailPViewRenderer"/> and <see cref="RetailPViewPassExecutor"/>.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WorldScenePassExecutor : IWorldScenePassExecutor
+{
+    private readonly GL _gl;
+    private readonly IRenderFrameGlState _frameGlState;
+    private readonly ClipFrame _clipFrame;
+    private readonly WbDrawDispatcher _entities;
+    private readonly EnvCellRenderer _environmentCells;
+    private readonly TerrainModernRenderer? _terrain;
+    private readonly TerrainDrawDiagnosticsController _terrainDiagnostics;
+    private readonly SkyRenderer? _sky;
+    private readonly ParticleSystem? _particles;
+    private readonly ParticleRenderer? _particleRenderer;
+    private readonly HashSet<uint> _visibleParticleOwners = [];
+    private readonly HashSet<uint> _noExcludedParticleOwners = [];
+
+    public WorldScenePassExecutor(
+        GL gl,
+        IRenderFrameGlState frameGlState,
+        ClipFrame clipFrame,
+        WbDrawDispatcher entities,
+        EnvCellRenderer environmentCells,
+        TerrainModernRenderer? terrain,
+        TerrainDrawDiagnosticsController terrainDiagnostics,
+        SkyRenderer? sky,
+        ParticleSystem? particles,
+        ParticleRenderer? particleRenderer)
+    {
+        _gl = gl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gl));
+        _frameGlState = frameGlState
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(frameGlState));
+        _clipFrame = clipFrame ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(clipFrame));
+        _entities = entities ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(entities));
+        _environmentCells = environmentCells
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(environmentCells));
+        _terrain = terrain;
+        _terrainDiagnostics = terrainDiagnostics
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(terrainDiagnostics));
+        _sky = sky;
+        _particles = particles;
+        _particleRenderer = particleRenderer;
+    }
+
+    public HashSet<uint>? TerrainVisibleCellIds => _terrain?.VisibleCellIds;
+
+    public void BeginFrame()
+    {
+        _visibleParticleOwners.Clear();
+        _clipFrame.Reset();
+        _entities.ClearClipRouting();
+        _environmentCells.SetClipRouting(null);
+    }
+
+    public void PrepareFlatWorldClip()
+    {
+        _clipFrame.ReserveTerrainUploads(_gl, 1);
+        _clipFrame.UploadRegions(_gl);
+        TerrainClipBufferBinding terrainBinding = _clipFrame.UploadTerrainClip(_gl);
+        _entities.SetClipRegionSsbo(_clipFrame.RegionSsbo);
+        _environmentCells.SetClipRegionSsbo(_clipFrame.RegionSsbo);
+        _terrain?.SetClipUbo(terrainBinding);
+    }
+
+    public void DrawFlatSky(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+        DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+        float dayFraction)
+    {
+        _clipFrame.BindTerrainClip(_gl);
+        EnableClipDistances();
+        Exception? drawFailure = null;
+        try
+        {
+            _sky?.RenderSky(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                dayFraction,
+                activeDayGroup,
+                foundation.Sky,
+                foundation.EnvironOverrideActive);
+        }
+        catch (Exception error)
+        {
+            drawFailure = error;
+            throw;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                DisableClipDistances();
+            }
+            catch (Exception closeFailure) when (drawFailure is not null)
+            {
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "Sky drawing failed and its clip-distance bracket could not be closed.",
+                    drawFailure,
+                    closeFailure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (_particles is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
+        {
+            _particleRenderer.Draw(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                ParticleRenderPass.SkyPreScene);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DrawFlatTerrain(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        uint? playerLandblockId)
+    {
+        EnableClipDistances();
+        _terrainDiagnostics.Begin();
+        _terrain?.Draw(
+            camera.Camera,
+            camera.Frustum,
+            neverCullLandblockId: playerLandblockId);
+        _terrainDiagnostics.Complete();
+    }
+
+    public void DrawFlatEntities(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, System.Numerics.Vector3 AabbMin,
+            System.Numerics.Vector3 AabbMax,
+            IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+            IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> entries,
+        uint? playerLandblockId,
+        HashSet<uint> animatedEntityIds) =>
+        _entities.Draw(
+            camera.Camera,
+            entries,
+            camera.Frustum,
+            neverCullLandblockId: playerLandblockId,
+            visibleCellIds: null,
+            animatedEntityIds: animatedEntityIds);
+
+    public string DrawPostWorldParticles(
+        LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+        ClipFrameAssembly? clipAssembly,
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        IReadOnlySet<uint> outdoorOwnerIds,
+        string currentSignature)
+    {
+        if (_particles is null || _particleRenderer is null)
+            return currentSignature;
+
+        if (clipRoot is null)
+        {
+            if (clipAssembly is not null)
+            {
+                _particleRenderer.DrawForOwners(
+                    camera.Camera,
+                    camera.Position,
+                    ParticleRenderPass.Scene,
+                    _visibleParticleOwners,
+                    includeUnattached: true,
+                    excludedAttachedOwnerIds: _noExcludedParticleOwners);
+                return AppendSignature(currentSignature, "filtered");
+            }
+
+            _particleRenderer.Draw(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                ParticleRenderPass.Scene);
+            return AppendSignature(currentSignature, "global");
+        }
+
+        if (clipRoot.IsOutdoorNode)
+        {
+            _particleRenderer.DrawForOwners(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                ParticleRenderPass.Scene,
+                outdoorOwnerIds,
+                includeUnattached: true);
+            return AppendSignature(currentSignature, "unattached");
+        }
+
+        return currentSignature;
+    }
+
+    public void DrawFlatWeather(
+        in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+        in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+        DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+        float dayFraction)
+    {
+        _clipFrame.BindTerrainClip(_gl);
+        EnableClipDistances();
+        Exception? drawFailure = null;
+        try
+        {
+            _sky?.RenderWeather(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                dayFraction,
+                activeDayGroup,
+                foundation.Sky,
+                foundation.EnvironOverrideActive);
+        }
+        catch (Exception error)
+        {
+            drawFailure = error;
+            throw;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                DisableClipDistances();
+            }
+            catch (Exception closeFailure) when (drawFailure is not null)
+            {
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "Weather drawing failed and its clip-distance bracket could not be closed.",
+                    drawFailure,
+                    closeFailure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (_particles is not null && _particleRenderer is not null)
+        {
+            _particleRenderer.Draw(
+                camera.Camera,
+                camera.Position,
+                ParticleRenderPass.SkyPostScene);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DisableClipDistances()
+    {
+        for (int index = 0; index < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; index++)
+            _gl.Disable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + index);
+    }
+
+    public void AbortFrame()
+    {
+        List<Exception>? failures = null;
+        TryAbort(_frameGlState.RestoreFrameDefaults);
+        TryAbort(_clipFrame.Reset);
+        TryAbort(_entities.ClearClipRouting);
+        TryAbort(() => _environmentCells.SetClipRouting(null));
+        _visibleParticleOwners.Clear();
+        if (failures is { Count: > 0 })
+            throw new AggregateException("World scene pass abort failed.", failures);
+
+        void TryAbort(Action operation)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                operation();
+            }
+            catch (Exception error)
+            {
+                (failures ??= []).Add(error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EnableClipDistances()
+    {
+        for (int index = 0; index < ClipFrame.MaxPlanes; index++)
+            _gl.Enable(EnableCap.ClipDistance0 + index);
+    }
+
+    private static string AppendSignature(string current, string value) =>
+        current == "none" ? value : current + "+" + value;
+}

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldSceneRenderer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Selection;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Vfx;
+using AcDream.Core.Rendering;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+internal interface IWorldScenePViewRenderer
+{
+    IReadOnlySet<uint> OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds { get; }
+
+    RetailPViewFrameResult DrawInside(RetailPViewFrameInput input);
+
+    void AbortFrame();
+}
+
+internal sealed class WorldScenePViewRenderer : IWorldScenePViewRenderer
+{
+    private readonly RetailPViewRenderer _renderer;
+    private readonly IRetailPViewPassExecutor _passes;
+    private readonly IOutdoorSceneParticleOwnerSource _particles;
+
+    public WorldScenePViewRenderer(
+        RetailPViewRenderer renderer,
+        IRetailPViewPassExecutor passes,
+        IOutdoorSceneParticleOwnerSource particles)
+    {
+        _renderer = renderer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(renderer));
+        _passes = passes ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(passes));
+        _particles = particles ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(particles));
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlySet<uint> OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds =>
+        _particles.OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds;
+
+    public RetailPViewFrameResult DrawInside(RetailPViewFrameInput input) =>
+        _renderer.DrawInside(input, _passes);
+
+    public void AbortFrame() => _passes.AbortFrame();
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Owns the normal-world render transaction between shared frame-resource
+/// preparation and private presentation. It preserves retail's one PView
+/// decision: a resolved viewer root uses DrawInside; only an unresolved root
+/// uses the flat safety path.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WorldSceneRenderer : IWorldSceneFramePhase
+{
+    private readonly IRenderFrameFoundationSource _foundation;
+    private readonly IRenderLoginStateSource _login;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneSkyStateSource _sky;
+    private readonly IWorldRenderFrameBuilder _frames;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneEntitySource _entities;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneSelectionFrame? _selection;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneAlphaFrame _alpha;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneParticleVisibility _particleVisibility;
+    private readonly IWorldScenePViewRenderer _pview;
+    private readonly IRetailPViewCellSource _pviewCells;
+    private readonly IWorldScenePassExecutor _passes;
+    private readonly IWorldRenderRangeSource _renderRange;
+    private readonly IWorldSceneDiagnostics _diagnostics;
+
+    public WorldSceneRenderer(
+        IRenderFrameFoundationSource foundation,
+        IRenderLoginStateSource login,
+        IWorldSceneSkyStateSource sky,
+        IWorldRenderFrameBuilder frames,
+        IWorldSceneEntitySource entities,
+        IWorldSceneSelectionFrame? selection,
+        IWorldSceneAlphaFrame alpha,
+        IWorldSceneParticleVisibility particleVisibility,
+        IWorldScenePViewRenderer pview,
+        IRetailPViewCellSource pviewCells,
+        IWorldScenePassExecutor passes,
+        IWorldRenderRangeSource renderRange,
+        IWorldSceneDiagnostics diagnostics)
+    {
+        _foundation = foundation ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(foundation));
+        _login = login ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(login));
+        _sky = sky ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sky));
+        _frames = frames ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(frames));
+        _entities = entities ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(entities));
+        _selection = selection;
+        _alpha = alpha ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(alpha));
+        _particleVisibility = particleVisibility
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(particleVisibility));
+        _pview = pview ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pview));
+        _pviewCells = pviewCells ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pviewCells));
+        _passes = passes ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(passes));
+        _renderRange = renderRange ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(renderRange));
+        _diagnostics = diagnostics ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(diagnostics));
+    }
+
+    public WorldRenderFrameOutcome Render(RenderFrameInput input)
+    {
+        _ = input;
+        bool selectionFrameStarted = _selection is not null;
+        bool worldFrameStarted = false;
+        bool pviewFrameStarted = false;
+        try
+        {
+            _selection?.BeginFrame();
+            RenderFrameFoundation foundation = _foundation.Foundation;
+            if (foundation.PortalViewportVisible)
+            {
+                _selection?.CompleteFrame();
+                selectionFrameStarted = false;
+                return default;
+            }
+
+            // Set before BeginFrame so an already-poisoned queue is recovered by
+            // the same abort path instead of making every later frame fail.
+            worldFrameStarted = true;
+            _alpha.BeginFrame();
+            WorldRenderFrame world = _frames.Build(
+                in foundation,
+                _login.IsWaitingForLogin,
+                _sky.ActiveDayGroup);
+            _passes.BeginFrame();
+
+            WorldCameraFrame camera = world.Camera;
+            WorldRootFrame roots = world.Roots;
+            LoadedCell? clipRoot = world.ClipRoot;
+            bool renderSky = roots.RenderSky;
+            bool drawSkyThisFrame = false;
+            bool terrainDrawn = false;
+            bool skyDrawn = false;
+            bool depthClear = false;
+            bool outdoorSceneryDrawn = false;
+            int liveDynamicDrawnCount = 0;
+            string sceneParticles = "none";
+            TerrainClipMode terrainClipMode = TerrainClipMode.Planes;
+            RetailPViewFrameResult? pviewResult = null;
+
+            if (clipRoot is null)
+            {
+                _passes.PrepareFlatWorldClip();
+                drawSkyThisFrame = renderSky;
+                skyDrawn = drawSkyThisFrame;
+                if (drawSkyThisFrame)
+                {
+                    _passes.DrawFlatSky(
+                        in camera,
+                        in foundation,
+                        _sky.ActiveDayGroup,
+                        _sky.DayFraction);
+                }
+
+                // Retail keeps the live sky during EnterWorld while suppressing
+                // terrain and object geometry until chase mode has engaged.
+                if (_login.IsWaitingForLogin)
+                    return CompleteSkippedWorld();
+
+                _passes.DrawFlatTerrain(in camera, roots.PlayerLandblockId);
+                terrainDrawn = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                terrainClipMode = TerrainClipMode.Skip;
+            }
+
+            if (clipRoot is not null)
+            {
+                pviewFrameStarted = true;
+                pviewResult = _pview.DrawInside(
+                    new RetailPViewFrameInput
+                    {
+                        RootCell = clipRoot,
+                        NearbyBuildingCells = world.Buildings.NearbyBuildingCells,
+                        ViewerEyePos = roots.ViewerEyePosition,
+                        ViewProjection = camera.ViewProjection,
+                        Cells = _pviewCells,
+                        Camera = camera.Camera,
+                        CameraWorldPosition = camera.Position,
+                        Frustum = camera.Frustum,
+                        PlayerLandblockId = roots.PlayerLandblockId,
+                        AnimatedEntityIds = world.AnimatedEntityIds,
+                        RenderCenterLbX = roots.RenderCenterLandblockX,
+                        RenderCenterLbY = roots.RenderCenterLandblockY,
+                        RenderRadius = _renderRange.NearRadius,
+                        LandblockEntries = _entities.LandblockEntries,
+                        RenderSky = renderSky,
+                        RenderWeather = roots.PlayerSeenOutside,
+                        DayFraction = _sky.DayFraction,
+                        ActiveDayGroup = _sky.ActiveDayGroup,
+                        SkyKeyframe = foundation.Sky,
+                        EnvironOverrideActive = foundation.EnvironOverrideActive,
+                        ViewerCellId = roots.ViewerCellId,
+                        PlayerCellId = roots.PlayerCellId,
+                        PlayerViewPosition = roots.PlayerViewPosition,
+                        CameraView = camera.Camera.View,
+                        CameraCellResolution = _diagnostics.CameraCellResolution,
+                    });
+
+                _particleVisibility.MarkVisibleCells(pviewResult.DrawableCells);
+                _frames.ObserveDrawableCells(pviewResult.DrawableCells);
+                _diagnostics.EmitPViewInput(
+                    pviewResult.PortalFrame,
+                    camera.ViewProjection,
+                    clipRoot,
+                    camera.Position,
+                    roots.PlayerViewPosition);
+
+                bool hasOutsideSlice = pviewResult.ClipAssembly.OutsideViewSlices.Length > 0;
+                terrainDrawn = hasOutsideSlice;
+                skyDrawn = renderSky && hasOutsideSlice;
+                // This mirrors the established diagnostic meaning, including
+                // outdoor roots whose PView executor does not issue an interior
+                // depth clear.
+                depthClear = hasOutsideSlice;
+                if (pviewResult.Partition.ByCell.Count > 0 || hasOutsideSlice)
+                    sceneParticles = "pviewScoped";
+                outdoorSceneryDrawn = pviewResult.Partition.OutdoorStatic.Count > 0
+                    && hasOutsideSlice;
+                liveDynamicDrawnCount = pviewResult.Partition.Dynamics.Count;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _passes.DrawFlatEntities(
+                    in camera,
+                    _entities.LandblockEntries,
+                    roots.PlayerLandblockId,
+                    world.AnimatedEntityIds);
+                _frames.ClearDrawableCells();
+            }
+
+            _passes.DisableClipDistances();
+            sceneParticles = _passes.DrawPostWorldParticles(
+                clipRoot,
+                pviewResult?.ClipAssembly,
+                in camera,
+                _pview.OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds,
+                sceneParticles);
+
+            if (clipRoot is null && drawSkyThisFrame)
+            {
+                skyDrawn = true;
+                _passes.DrawFlatWeather(
+                    in camera,
+                    in foundation,
+                    _sky.ActiveDayGroup,
+                    _sky.DayFraction);
+            }
+
+            _diagnostics.EmitRenderSignature(
+                clipRoot is null ? "OutdoorRoot" : "RetailPViewInside",
+                clipRoot,
+                roots.ViewerRoot,
+                roots.PlayerRoot,
+                roots.ViewerCellId,
+                roots.PlayerCellId,
+                roots.PlayerIndoorGate,
+                roots.CameraInsideCell,
+                renderSky,
+                drawSkyThisFrame,
+                terrainDrawn,
+                terrainClipMode,
+                skyDrawn,
+                depthClear,
+                outdoorSceneryDrawn,
+                liveDynamicDrawnCount,
+                sceneParticles,
+                pviewResult,
+                camera.Position,
+                roots.PlayerViewPosition);
+
+            WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome diagnostic = _diagnostics.DrawAndPublish(
+                in camera,
+                _entities.LandblockBounds);
+            CompleteWorldFrame();
+            worldFrameStarted = false;
+            pviewFrameStarted = false;
+            _selection?.CompleteFrame();
+            selectionFrameStarted = false;
+            return new WorldRenderFrameOutcome(
+                diagnostic.VisibleLandblocks,
+                diagnostic.TotalLandblocks,
+                NormalWorldDrawn: true);
+
+            WorldRenderFrameOutcome CompleteSkippedWorld()
+            {
+                CompleteWorldFrame();
+                worldFrameStarted = false;
+                pviewFrameStarted = false;
+                _selection?.CompleteFrame();
+                selectionFrameStarted = false;
+                return default;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception renderFailure)
+        {
+            List<Exception>? abortFailures = AbortFrame(
+                worldFrameStarted,
+                pviewFrameStarted,
+                selectionFrameStarted);
+            if (abortFailures is { Count: > 0 })
+            {
+                abortFailures.Insert(0, renderFailure);
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "World rendering failed and the incomplete frame could not be fully aborted.",
+                    abortFailures);
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void CompleteWorldFrame()
+    {
+        _alpha.EndFrame();
+        if (_passes.TerrainVisibleCellIds is { } visibleTerrainCells)
+            _particleVisibility.MarkVisibleCells(visibleTerrainCells);
+        _particleVisibility.CompleteFrame();
+    }
+
+    private List<Exception>? AbortFrame(
+        bool worldFrameStarted,
+        bool pviewFrameStarted,
+        bool selectionFrameStarted)
+    {
+        List<Exception>? failures = null;
+        if (worldFrameStarted)
+        {
+            if (pviewFrameStarted)
+                TryAbort(_pview.AbortFrame);
+            TryAbort(_passes.AbortFrame);
+            TryAbort(_particleVisibility.AbortFrame);
+            TryAbort(_alpha.AbortFrame);
+        }
+        if (selectionFrameStarted && _selection is not null)
+            TryAbort(_selection.AbortFrame);
+        return failures;
+
+        void TryAbort(Action abort)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                abort();
+            }
+            catch (Exception error)
+            {
+                (failures ??= []).Add(error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/WorldSceneRuntimeSources.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.App.Input;
+using AcDream.App.Streaming;
+using AcDream.Core.Physics;
+using AcDream.Core.World;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+internal interface IWorldSceneSkyStateSource
+{
+    DayGroupData? ActiveDayGroup { get; }
+
+    float DayFraction { get; }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Holds the selected retail day group beside the world clock that provides
+/// its current interpolation point. Day-group selection remains an update-time
+/// concern; render owners receive this read-only seam.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class WorldSceneSkyState : IWorldSceneSkyStateSource
+{
+    private readonly WorldTimeService _worldTime;
+
+    public WorldSceneSkyState(WorldTimeService worldTime)
+    {
+        _worldTime = worldTime ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(worldTime));
+    }
+
+    public DayGroupData? ActiveDayGroup { get; set; }
+
+    public float DayFraction => (float)_worldTime.DayFraction;
+}
+
+internal interface IWorldSceneEntitySource
+{
+    IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax,
+        IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> LandblockEntries
+    { get; }
+
+    IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> LandblockBounds { get; }
+}
+
+internal sealed class RuntimeWorldSceneEntitySource : IWorldSceneEntitySource
+{
+    private readonly GpuWorldState _world;
+
+    public RuntimeWorldSceneEntitySource(GpuWorldState world)
+    {
+        _world = world ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(world));
+    }
+
+    public IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax,
+        IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> LandblockEntries =>
+        _world.LandblockEntries;
+
+    public IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> LandblockBounds =>
+        _world.LandblockBounds;
+}
+
+internal interface IWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource
+{
+    Vector3 RawPlayerPositionOr(Vector3 fallback);
+
+    float PlayerYaw { get; }
+
+    float? SampleTerrainZ(float worldX, float worldY);
+
+    CameraCellResolution CameraCellResolution { get; }
+}
+
+internal sealed class RuntimeWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource :
+    IWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource
+{
+    private readonly ILocalPlayerControllerSource _player;
+    private readonly PhysicsEngine _physics;
+    private readonly CellVisibility _visibility;
+
+    public RuntimeWorldScenePViewDiagnosticSource(
+        ILocalPlayerControllerSource player,
+        PhysicsEngine physics,
+        CellVisibility visibility)
+    {
+        _player = player ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(player));
+        _physics = physics ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(physics));
+        _visibility = visibility ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(visibility));
+    }
+
+    public Vector3 RawPlayerPositionOr(Vector3 fallback) =>
+        _player.Controller?.Position ?? fallback;
+
+    public float PlayerYaw => _player.Controller?.Yaw ?? 0f;
+
+    public float? SampleTerrainZ(float worldX, float worldY) =>
+        _physics.SampleTerrainZ(worldX, worldY);
+
+    public CameraCellResolution CameraCellResolution =>
+        _visibility.LastCameraCellResolution;
+}
+
+internal interface IWorldSceneDebugStateSource
+{
+    bool CollisionWireframesVisible { get; }
+}
+
+internal sealed class WorldSceneDebugState : IWorldSceneDebugStateSource
+{
+    public bool CollisionWireframesVisible { get; private set; }
+
+    public bool ToggleCollisionWireframes()
+    {
+        CollisionWireframesVisible = !CollisionWireframesVisible;
+        return CollisionWireframesVisible;
+    }
+}

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/GameWindowRenderLeafCompositionTests.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public sealed class GameWindowRenderLeafCompositionTests
             "_renderFrameResources!.Prepare(frameInput);",
             "_devToolsFramePresenter?.BeginFrame((float)deltaSeconds);",
             "_renderWeatherFrame!.Tick(deltaSeconds);",
-            "_retailSelectionScene?.BeginFrame();");
+            "_worldSceneRenderer!.Render(frameInput);");
         Assert.DoesNotContain("_wbDrawDispatcher?.BeginFrame(", source);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("_wbMeshAdapter?.Tick();", source);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("_particleRenderer?.BeginFrame(", source);
@@ -126,12 +126,10 @@ public sealed class GameWindowRenderLeafCompositionTests
     {
         string source = GameWindowSource();
 
-        Assert.Contains("bool normalWorldDrawn = false;", source);
         AssertAppearsInOrder(
             source,
-            "if (IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin)",
+            "_worldSceneRenderer!.Render(frameInput);",
-            "goto SkipWorldGeometry;",
+            "worldOutcome.NormalWorldDrawn;",
-            "normalWorldDrawn = true;",
             "bool screenshotCaptured = _frameScreenshots?.CapturePending() == true;",
             "normalWorldDrawn),",
             "screenshotCaptured)));");
@@ -158,8 +156,9 @@ public sealed class GameWindowRenderLeafCompositionTests
         Assert.Contains(
             "new AcDream.App.Rendering.TerrainDrawDiagnosticsController(",
             source);
-        Assert.Contains("_terrainDrawDiagnostics!.Begin();", source);
+        Assert.Contains("new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldScenePassExecutor(", source);
-        Assert.Contains("_terrainDrawDiagnostics.Complete();", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_terrainDrawDiagnostics!.Begin();", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_terrainDrawDiagnostics.Complete();", source);
     }
 
     private static string GameWindowSource() => File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/RenderFrameGlStateControllerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+using AcDream.App.Rendering;
+using Silk.NET.OpenGL;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Rendering;
+
+public sealed class RenderFrameGlStateControllerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void RestoreFrameDefaults_ReestablishesTheCompleteFrameGlobalContract()
+    {
+        var api = new RecordingApi();
+        var state = new RenderFrameGlStateController(api);
+
+        state.RestoreFrameDefaults();
+
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "cap:ScissorTest:False",
+                "cap:StencilTest:False",
+                "cap:Blend:False",
+                "cap:SampleAlphaToMaskSgis:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance0:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance1:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance2:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance3:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance4:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance5:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance6:False",
+                "cap:ClipDistance7:False",
+                "color-mask:True:True:True:True",
+                "stencil-mask:255",
+                "depth-mask:True",
+                "depth-func:Less",
+                "cap:DepthTest:True",
+                "cap:CullFace:False",
+                "cull:Back",
+                "front:CW",
+                "program:0",
+                "vao:0",
+                "buffer:ArrayBuffer:0",
+            ],
+            api.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PortalDepthMask_SuccessExitRestoresTheSameCullOffConvention()
+    {
+        string source = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(
+            FindRepoRoot(),
+            "src",
+            "AcDream.App",
+            "Rendering",
+            "PortalDepthMaskRenderer.cs"));
+        int restore = source.IndexOf(
+            "// ---- restore the frame-global convention ----",
+            StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+        Assert.True(restore >= 0, "Missing portal-depth state restore block.");
+        string restoreBlock = source[restore..];
+        Assert.Contains("_gl.Disable(EnableCap.CullFace);", restoreBlock);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_gl.Enable(EnableCap.CullFace);", restoreBlock);
+    }
+
+    private static string FindRepoRoot()
+    {
+        DirectoryInfo? directory = new(AppContext.BaseDirectory);
+        while (directory is not null)
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(Path.Combine(directory.FullName, "AcDream.slnx")))
+                return directory.FullName;
+            directory = directory.Parent;
+        }
+
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException("Could not find AcDream.slnx.");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RecordingApi : IRenderFrameGlStateApi
+    {
+        public List<string> Calls { get; } = [];
+
+        public void SetCapability(EnableCap capability, bool enabled) =>
+            Calls.Add($"cap:{capability}:{enabled}");
+
+        public void ColorMask(bool red, bool green, bool blue, bool alpha) =>
+            Calls.Add($"color-mask:{red}:{green}:{blue}:{alpha}");
+
+        public void StencilMask(uint mask) => Calls.Add($"stencil-mask:{mask}");
+
+        public void DepthMask(bool enabled) => Calls.Add($"depth-mask:{enabled}");
+
+        public void DepthFunc(DepthFunction function) =>
+            Calls.Add($"depth-func:{function}");
+
+        public void CullFace(TriangleFace face) => Calls.Add($"cull:{face}");
+
+        public void FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection direction) =>
+            Calls.Add($"front:{direction}");
+
+        public void UseProgram(uint program) => Calls.Add($"program:{program}");
+
+        public void BindVertexArray(uint vertexArray) => Calls.Add($"vao:{vertexArray}");
+
+        public void BindBuffer(BufferTargetARB target, uint buffer) =>
+            Calls.Add($"buffer:{target}:{buffer}");
+    }
+}

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/RenderFrameResourceControllerTests.cs

@@ -87,10 +87,8 @@ public sealed class RenderFrameResourceControllerTests
             "_particleVisibility.Reset();",
             "SkyKeyframe sky = _worldTime.CurrentSky;",
             "AtmosphereSnapshot atmosphere = _weather.Snapshot(in sky);",
-            "_gl.DepthMask(true);",
+            "_frameGlState.RestoreFrameDefaults();",
             "_gl.Clear(",
-            "_gl.CullFace(TriangleFace.Back);",
-            "_gl.FrontFace(FrontFaceDirection.CW);",
             "_diagnostics.EmitGlStateTripwireIfChanged(");
     }
 

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/RetailAlphaQueueTests.cs

@@ -179,6 +179,76 @@ public sealed class RetailAlphaQueueTests
             log);
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public void AbortFrame_DiscardsPayloadAndAllowsTheNextFrameToRender()
+    {
+        var log = new List<string>();
+        var source = new RecordingSource("alpha", log);
+        var queue = new RetailAlphaQueue();
+
+        queue.BeginFrame();
+        queue.Submit(source, 1, 12f);
+        queue.AbortFrame();
+
+        Assert.False(queue.IsCollecting);
+        Assert.Equal(0, queue.PendingCount);
+        Assert.Empty(log);
+        Assert.Equal(1, source.ResetCount);
+
+        queue.BeginFrame();
+        queue.Submit(source, 2, 12f);
+        queue.EndFrame();
+
+        Assert.Equal(["alpha:2"], log);
+        Assert.Equal(2, source.ResetCount);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EndFrame_DrawAndResetFailuresPreserveThePrimaryFailureAndClearTheFrame()
+    {
+        var drawSource = new FailureSource("draw failed", "first reset failed");
+        var secondSource = new FailureSource(null, null);
+        var queue = new RetailAlphaQueue();
+
+        queue.BeginFrame();
+        queue.Submit(drawSource, 1, 20f);
+        queue.Submit(secondSource, 2, 10f);
+
+        AggregateException failure = Assert.Throws<AggregateException>(queue.EndFrame);
+
+        Assert.Collection(
+            failure.InnerExceptions,
+            error => Assert.Equal("draw failed", error.Message),
+            error => Assert.Equal("first reset failed", error.Message));
+        Assert.Equal(1, drawSource.ResetCount);
+        Assert.Equal(1, secondSource.ResetCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0, queue.PendingCount);
+        Assert.False(queue.IsCollecting);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EndFrame_MultipleResetFailuresAttemptEverySourceAndClearTheFrame()
+    {
+        var first = new FailureSource(null, "first reset failed");
+        var second = new FailureSource(null, "second reset failed");
+        var queue = new RetailAlphaQueue();
+
+        queue.BeginFrame();
+        queue.Submit(first, 1, 20f);
+        queue.Submit(second, 2, 10f);
+
+        AggregateException failure = Assert.Throws<AggregateException>(queue.EndFrame);
+
+        Assert.Collection(
+            failure.InnerExceptions,
+            error => Assert.Equal("first reset failed", error.Message),
+            error => Assert.Equal("second reset failed", error.Message));
+        Assert.Equal(1, first.ResetCount);
+        Assert.Equal(1, second.ResetCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0, queue.PendingCount);
+        Assert.False(queue.IsCollecting);
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public void ComputeViewerDistance_UsesTransformedGfxSortCenter()
     {
@@ -224,4 +294,28 @@ public sealed class RetailAlphaQueueTests
 
         public void ResetAlphaSubmissions() => ResetCount++;
     }
+
+    private sealed class FailureSource(
+        string? drawFailure,
+        string? resetFailure) : IRetailAlphaDrawSource
+    {
+        public int ResetCount { get; private set; }
+
+        public void PrepareAlphaDraws(ReadOnlySpan<int> tokens)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public void DrawPreparedAlphaBatch(int firstPreparedDraw, int drawCount)
+        {
+            if (drawFailure is not null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(drawFailure);
+        }
+
+        public void ResetAlphaSubmissions()
+        {
+            ResetCount++;
+            if (resetFailure is not null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(resetFailure);
+        }
+    }
 }

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/RetailPViewPassExecutorTests.cs

@@ -229,7 +229,8 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutorTests
             "GameWindow.cs"));
 
         Assert.Contains("new AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewPassExecutor(", source);
-        Assert.Contains("new AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewFrameInput", source);
+        Assert.Contains("new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldScenePViewRenderer(", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("new AcDream.App.Rendering.RetailPViewFrameInput", source);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("RetailPViewDrawContext", source);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("DrawLandscapeSlice =", source);
         Assert.DoesNotContain("DrawExitPortalMasks =", source);
@@ -475,6 +476,8 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewPassExecutorTests
 
     private sealed class RecordingExecutor : IRetailPViewPassExecutor, IDisposable
     {
+        public void AbortFrame() => Operations.Add("abort");
+
         private readonly ClipFrame _clipFrame = ClipFrame.NoClip();
 
         public List<string> Operations { get; } = [];

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/RetailSelectionSceneTests.cs

@@ -45,6 +45,29 @@ public sealed class RetailSelectionSceneTests
         Assert.False(scene.TryGetLighting(entity.ServerGuid, entity.Id, out _));
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public void AbortFrame_DiscardsBuildingSelectionAndPreservesPublishedFrame()
+    {
+        var scene = CreateScene();
+        var published = Entity(localId: 46u, serverGuid: 0x5000_0046u);
+        Publish(scene, published);
+        var rejected = Entity(localId: 47u, serverGuid: 0x5000_0047u);
+
+        scene.BeginFrame();
+        (Matrix4x4 view, Matrix4x4 projection) = Camera();
+        scene.SetViewFrustum(FrustumPlanes.FromViewProjection(view * projection));
+        scene.AddVisiblePart(
+            rejected,
+            partIndex: 0,
+            gfxObjId: 0x0100_0001u,
+            Matrix4x4.CreateTranslation(0f, 0f, -5f));
+        scene.AbortFrame();
+
+        RetailSelectionHit? hit = PickCenter(scene);
+        Assert.NotNull(hit);
+        Assert.Equal(published.Id, hit.Value.LocalEntityId);
+    }
+
     private static RetailSelectionScene CreateScene(
         RetailSelectionLightingPulse? pulse = null)
     {

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/Vfx/ParticleVisibilityControllerTests.cs

@@ -64,4 +64,35 @@ public sealed class ParticleVisibilityControllerTests
         controller.Apply(particles, 1f);
         Assert.False(Assert.Single(particles.EnumerateEmitters()).ViewEligible);
     }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void AbortedFrame_PreservesTheLastCompletedWorldView()
+    {
+        var particles = new ParticleSystem(new EmitterDescRegistry(), new Random(1));
+        int handle = particles.SpawnEmitter(
+            new EmitterDesc
+            {
+                DatId = 0x32000003u,
+                Type = ParticleType.Still,
+                MaxDegradeDistance = 100f,
+                MaxParticles = 1,
+            },
+            Vector3.Zero,
+            attachedObjectId: 42u);
+        particles.UpdateEmitterOwnerCell(handle, 0x01010001u);
+        var controller = new ParticleVisibilityController();
+
+        controller.BeginFrame(Vector3.Zero);
+        controller.UseWorldView();
+        controller.MarkVisibleCells([0x01010001u]);
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+
+        controller.BeginFrame(new Vector3(1000f, 1000f, 0f));
+        controller.UseWorldView();
+        controller.MarkVisibleCells([0x02020001u]);
+        controller.AbortFrame();
+        controller.Apply(particles, 1f);
+
+        Assert.True(Assert.Single(particles.EnumerateEmitters()).ViewEligible);
+    }
 }

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/WorldRenderFrameBuilderTests.cs

@@ -325,25 +325,32 @@ public sealed class WorldRenderFrameBuilderTests
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public void Game_window_uses_the_typed_builder_and_releases_it_before_render_owners()
+    public void World_scene_uses_the_typed_builder_and_game_window_releases_it_before_render_owners()
     {
-        string source = GameWindowSource();
+        string gameWindow = GameWindowSource();
+        string worldScene = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(
+            FindRepoRoot(),
+            "src",
+            "AcDream.App",
+            "Rendering",
+            "WorldSceneRenderer.cs"));
 
         Assert.Equal(
             1,
-            CountOccurrences(source, "_worldRenderFrameBuilder!.Build("));
+            CountOccurrences(worldScene, "_frames.Build("));
-        Assert.DoesNotContain("private void UpdateSunFromSky(", source, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("private void UpdateSunFromSky(", gameWindow, StringComparison.Ordinal);
-        Assert.DoesNotContain("private void UpdateSkyPes(", source, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("private void UpdateSkyPes(", gameWindow, StringComparison.Ordinal);
-        Assert.DoesNotContain("private static float ParseEnvFloat(", source, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("private static float ParseEnvFloat(", gameWindow, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         AssertAppearsInOrder(
-            source,
+            worldScene,
-            "if (_cameraController is not null && !portalViewportVisible)",
+            "_alpha.BeginFrame();",
-            "_retailAlphaQueue.BeginFrame();",
+            "_frames.Build(",
-            "_worldRenderFrameBuilder!.Build(",
+            "if (_login.IsWaitingForLogin)",
-            "if (IsLiveModeWaitingForLogin)",
+            "_passes.DrawFlatTerrain(",
-            "normalWorldDrawn = true;");
+            "NormalWorldDrawn: true");
         AssertAppearsInOrder(
-            source,
+            gameWindow,
+            "_worldSceneRenderer = null;",
             "_worldRenderFrameBuilder = null;",
             "_skyPesFrame = null;",
             "new(\"equipped children\"",

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/WorldSceneRendererTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Reflection;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Selection;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Vfx;
+using AcDream.Core.Rendering;
+using AcDream.Core.World;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Rendering;
+
+public sealed class WorldSceneRendererTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void PortalViewport_PublishesEmptySelectionFrameAndSkipsWorldOwners()
+    {
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: true, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: null);
+
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome result = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.Equal(default, result);
+        Assert.Equal(["selection:begin", "selection:complete"], rig.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void LoginWait_DrawsFlatSkyThenCompletesFrameWithoutWorldGeometry()
+    {
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: true, clipRoot: null);
+
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome result = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.False(result.NormalWorldDrawn);
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.VisibleLandblocks);
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.TotalLandblocks);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "selection:begin",
+                "alpha:begin",
+                "frame:build",
+                "passes:begin",
+                "flat:clip",
+                "flat:sky",
+                "alpha:end",
+                "visibility:mark",
+                "visibility:complete",
+                "selection:complete",
+            ],
+            rig.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void FlatWorld_PreservesTerrainEntityParticleWeatherAndCompletionOrder()
+    {
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: null);
+
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome result = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.Equal(new WorldRenderFrameOutcome(3, 8, true), result);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "selection:begin",
+                "alpha:begin",
+                "frame:build",
+                "passes:begin",
+                "flat:clip",
+                "flat:sky",
+                "flat:terrain",
+                "flat:entities",
+                "frame:clear-cells",
+                "passes:disable-clip",
+                "particles:global",
+                "flat:weather",
+                "diagnostics:signature:OutdoorRoot",
+                "diagnostics:draw",
+                "alpha:end",
+                "visibility:mark",
+                "visibility:complete",
+                "selection:complete",
+            ],
+            rig.Calls);
+
+        Assert.Equal(rig.Foundation, rig.Frames.Foundation);
+        Assert.False(rig.Frames.WaitingForLogin);
+        Assert.Same(rig.DayGroup, rig.Frames.ActiveDayGroup);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.Foundation, rig.Passes.SkyFoundation);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.Foundation, rig.Passes.WeatherFoundation);
+        Assert.Same(rig.DayGroup, rig.Passes.SkyDayGroup);
+        Assert.Same(rig.DayGroup, rig.Passes.WeatherDayGroup);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.DayFraction, rig.Passes.SkyDayFraction);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.DayFraction, rig.Passes.WeatherDayFraction);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PViewWorld_UsesOnePViewProductAndPublishesItsDrawableCells()
+    {
+        var root = new LoadedCell
+        {
+            CellId = 0x01010001u,
+            IsOutdoorNode = false,
+        };
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: root);
+
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome result = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.True(result.NormalWorldDrawn);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "selection:begin",
+                "alpha:begin",
+                "frame:build",
+                "passes:begin",
+                "pview:draw",
+                "visibility:mark",
+                "frame:observe-cells",
+                "diagnostics:pview",
+                "passes:disable-clip",
+                "particles:none",
+                "diagnostics:signature:RetailPViewInside",
+                "diagnostics:draw",
+                "alpha:end",
+                "visibility:mark",
+                "visibility:complete",
+                "selection:complete",
+            ],
+            rig.Calls);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("flat:clip", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("flat:terrain", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("flat:entities", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.NotNull(rig.PView.LastInput);
+        Assert.Same(rig.DayGroup, rig.PView.LastInput!.ActiveDayGroup);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.DayFraction, rig.PView.LastInput.DayFraction);
+        Assert.Equal(rig.Foundation.Sky, rig.PView.LastInput.SkyKeyframe);
+        Assert.True(rig.PView.LastInput.RenderWeather);
+        Assert.Equal(root.CellId, rig.PView.LastInput.ViewerCellId);
+        Assert.Equal(0x01010002u, rig.PView.LastInput.PlayerCellId);
+        Assert.Equal(4, rig.PView.LastInput.RenderRadius);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OutdoorPView_UsesPViewOwnersForPostWorldParticlesWithoutFlatWeather()
+    {
+        var root = new LoadedCell
+        {
+            CellId = 0x01010001u,
+            IsOutdoorNode = true,
+        };
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: root);
+
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome result = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.True(result.NormalWorldDrawn);
+        Assert.Contains("particles:pviewScoped+unattached", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.Same(rig.PView.OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds, rig.Passes.ParticleOwners);
+        Assert.Equal([0xCAFEu], rig.Passes.ParticleOwners);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("flat:weather", rig.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SealedInteriorPView_DisablesWeatherAndPropagatesEnvironmentOverride()
+    {
+        var root = new LoadedCell
+        {
+            CellId = 0x01010001u,
+            IsOutdoorNode = false,
+        };
+        var rig = new Rig(
+            portalVisible: false,
+            waitingForLogin: false,
+            clipRoot: root,
+            playerSeenOutside: false,
+            environOverride: EnvironOverride.BlueFog);
+
+        rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(rig.PView.LastInput);
+        Assert.False(rig.PView.LastInput!.RenderWeather);
+        Assert.True(rig.PView.LastInput.EnvironOverrideActive);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PViewFailure_AbortsPortalStateAndRecoversOnTheNextFrame()
+    {
+        var root = new LoadedCell
+        {
+            CellId = 0x01010001u,
+            IsOutdoorNode = false,
+        };
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: root);
+        rig.PView.ThrowOnDraw = true;
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => rig.Renderer.Render(default));
+
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "selection:begin",
+                "alpha:begin",
+                "frame:build",
+                "passes:begin",
+                "pview:draw",
+                "pview:abort",
+                "passes:abort",
+                "visibility:abort",
+                "alpha:abort",
+                "selection:abort",
+            ],
+            rig.Calls);
+
+        rig.Calls.Clear();
+        rig.PView.ThrowOnDraw = false;
+
+        Assert.True(rig.Renderer.Render(default).NormalWorldDrawn);
+        Assert.Contains("selection:complete", rig.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void DrawFailure_DoesNotPublishPartialAlphaSelectionOrParticleFrames()
+    {
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: null);
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnTerrain = true;
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => rig.Renderer.Render(default));
+
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                "selection:begin",
+                "alpha:begin",
+                "frame:build",
+                "passes:begin",
+                "flat:clip",
+                "flat:sky",
+                "flat:terrain",
+                "passes:abort",
+                "visibility:abort",
+                "alpha:abort",
+                "selection:abort",
+            ],
+            rig.Calls);
+
+        rig.Calls.Clear();
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnTerrain = false;
+        WorldRenderFrameOutcome recovered = rig.Renderer.Render(default);
+
+        Assert.True(recovered.NormalWorldDrawn);
+        Assert.Contains("alpha:end", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.Contains("selection:complete", rig.Calls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void AbortFailure_IsAggregatedAfterEveryOtherFrameOwnerIsAborted()
+    {
+        var rig = new Rig(portalVisible: false, waitingForLogin: false, clipRoot: null);
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnTerrain = true;
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnAbort = true;
+
+        AggregateException failure = Assert.Throws<AggregateException>(
+            () => rig.Renderer.Render(default));
+
+        Assert.Contains(
+            failure.InnerExceptions,
+            error => error is InvalidOperationException
+                && error.Message == "terrain failed");
+        Assert.Contains(
+            failure.InnerExceptions,
+            error => error is InvalidOperationException
+                && error.Message == "pass abort failed");
+        Assert.Contains("visibility:abort", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.Contains("alpha:abort", rig.Calls);
+        Assert.Contains("selection:abort", rig.Calls);
+
+        rig.Calls.Clear();
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnTerrain = false;
+        rig.Passes.ThrowOnAbort = false;
+        Assert.True(rig.Renderer.Render(default).NormalWorldDrawn);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GameWindow_DelegatesWorldRenderingWithoutOwningDrawBranches()
+    {
+        string source = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(
+            FindRepoRoot(),
+            "src",
+            "AcDream.App",
+            "Rendering",
+            "GameWindow.cs"));
+
+        Assert.Contains("new AcDream.App.Rendering.WorldSceneRenderer(", source);
+        Assert.Equal(1, CountOccurrences(source, "_worldSceneRenderer!.Render(frameInput);"));
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_retailPViewRenderer.DrawInside(", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_retailAlphaQueue.BeginFrame();", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("_terrainDrawDiagnostics!.Begin();", source);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("SkipWorldGeometry:", source);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ExtractedWorldOwners_RetainNoWindowDelegateOrBorrowedPViewProduct()
+    {
+        Type[] ownerTypes =
+        [
+            typeof(WorldSceneRenderer),
+            typeof(WorldScenePassExecutor),
+            typeof(WorldSceneDiagnosticsController),
+        ];
+        Type[] borrowedTypes =
+        [
+            typeof(RetailPViewFrameResult),
+            typeof(PortalVisibilityFrame),
+            typeof(ClipFrameAssembly),
+        ];
+
+        foreach (Type owner in ownerTypes)
+        {
+            foreach (FieldInfo field in owner.GetFields(
+                         BindingFlags.Instance
+                         | BindingFlags.Public
+                         | BindingFlags.NonPublic))
+            {
+                Assert.False(
+                    typeof(GameWindow).IsAssignableFrom(field.FieldType),
+                    $"{owner.Name}.{field.Name} retains GameWindow.");
+                Assert.False(
+                    typeof(Delegate).IsAssignableFrom(field.FieldType),
+                    $"{owner.Name}.{field.Name} retains a delegate callback.");
+                Assert.DoesNotContain(field.FieldType, borrowedTypes);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class Rig
+    {
+        public Rig(
+            bool portalVisible,
+            bool waitingForLogin,
+            LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+            bool? playerSeenOutside = null,
+            EnvironOverride environOverride = EnvironOverride.None)
+        {
+            Calls = [];
+            DayGroup = new DayGroupData { Name = "sentinel-day-group" };
+            DayFraction = 0.375f;
+            Foundation = new RenderFrameFoundation(
+                portalVisible,
+                new SkyKeyframe(
+                    0.25f,
+                    35f,
+                    45f,
+                    new Vector3(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f),
+                    0.8f,
+                    new Vector3(0.4f, 0.5f, 0.6f),
+                    0.7f,
+                    new Vector3(0.7f, 0.8f, 0.9f),
+                    0.2f),
+                new AtmosphereSnapshot(
+                    WeatherKind.Clear,
+                    1f,
+                    new Vector3(0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f),
+                    1f,
+                    100f,
+                    FogMode.Linear,
+                    0f,
+                    environOverride));
+            var foundation = new FoundationSource(Foundation);
+            var login = new LoginSource(waitingForLogin);
+            var sky = new SkySource(DayGroup, DayFraction);
+            var frame = CreateFrame(
+                clipRoot,
+                playerSeenOutside ?? clipRoot is not null);
+            Frames = new FrameBuilder(Calls, frame);
+            var selection = new SelectionFrame(Calls);
+            var alpha = new AlphaFrame(Calls);
+            var visibility = new ParticleVisibility(Calls);
+            PView = new PViewRenderer(Calls);
+            Passes = new PassExecutor(Calls);
+            var diagnostics = new Diagnostics(Calls);
+
+            Renderer = new WorldSceneRenderer(
+                foundation,
+                login,
+                sky,
+                Frames,
+                new EntitySource(),
+                selection,
+                alpha,
+                visibility,
+                PView,
+                new PViewCells(),
+                Passes,
+                new WorldRenderRangeState(4, 12),
+                diagnostics);
+        }
+
+        public List<string> Calls { get; }
+
+        public RenderFrameFoundation Foundation { get; }
+
+        public DayGroupData DayGroup { get; }
+
+        public float DayFraction { get; }
+
+        public FrameBuilder Frames { get; }
+
+        public PViewRenderer PView { get; }
+
+        public PassExecutor Passes { get; }
+
+        public WorldSceneRenderer Renderer { get; }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class FoundationSource(RenderFrameFoundation foundation) :
+        IRenderFrameFoundationSource
+    {
+        public RenderFrameFoundation Foundation { get; } = foundation;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class LoginSource(bool waiting) : IRenderLoginStateSource
+    {
+        public bool IsWaitingForLogin { get; } = waiting;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class SkySource(
+        DayGroupData activeDayGroup,
+        float dayFraction) : IWorldSceneSkyStateSource
+    {
+        public DayGroupData? ActiveDayGroup { get; } = activeDayGroup;
+
+        public float DayFraction { get; } = dayFraction;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class FrameBuilder(List<string> calls, WorldRenderFrame frame) :
+        IWorldRenderFrameBuilder
+    {
+        public RenderFrameFoundation Foundation { get; private set; }
+
+        public bool WaitingForLogin { get; private set; }
+
+        public DayGroupData? ActiveDayGroup { get; private set; }
+
+        public WorldRenderFrame Build(
+            in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+            bool waitingForLogin,
+            DayGroupData? activeDayGroup)
+        {
+            calls.Add("frame:build");
+            Foundation = foundation;
+            WaitingForLogin = waitingForLogin;
+            ActiveDayGroup = activeDayGroup;
+            return frame;
+        }
+
+        public void ObserveDrawableCells(IReadOnlySet<uint> drawableCells) =>
+            calls.Add("frame:observe-cells");
+
+        public void ClearDrawableCells() => calls.Add("frame:clear-cells");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class EntitySource : IWorldSceneEntitySource
+    {
+        public IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax,
+            IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+            IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> LandblockEntries =>
+            Array.Empty<(uint, Vector3, Vector3, IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity>,
+                IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>?)>();
+
+        public IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> LandblockBounds =>
+            Array.Empty<(uint, Vector3, Vector3)>();
+    }
+
+    private sealed class SelectionFrame(List<string> calls) : IWorldSceneSelectionFrame
+    {
+        public void BeginFrame() => calls.Add("selection:begin");
+
+        public void CompleteFrame() => calls.Add("selection:complete");
+
+        public void AbortFrame() => calls.Add("selection:abort");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class AlphaFrame(List<string> calls) : IWorldSceneAlphaFrame
+    {
+        public void BeginFrame() => calls.Add("alpha:begin");
+
+        public void EndFrame() => calls.Add("alpha:end");
+
+        public void AbortFrame() => calls.Add("alpha:abort");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ParticleVisibility(List<string> calls) :
+        IWorldSceneParticleVisibility
+    {
+        public void MarkVisibleCells(HashSet<uint> cellIds) =>
+            calls.Add("visibility:mark");
+
+        public void CompleteFrame() => calls.Add("visibility:complete");
+
+        public void AbortFrame() => calls.Add("visibility:abort");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PViewRenderer : IWorldScenePViewRenderer
+    {
+        private readonly List<string> _calls;
+        private readonly RetailPViewFrameResult _interiorResult;
+        private readonly RetailPViewFrameResult _outdoorResult;
+
+        public PViewRenderer(List<string> calls)
+        {
+            _calls = calls;
+            _interiorResult = new RetailPViewFrameResult().Reset(
+                new PortalVisibilityFrame(),
+                new ClipFrameAssembly(),
+                [],
+                new InteriorEntityPartition.Result());
+            var outdoorPortalFrame = new PortalVisibilityFrame();
+            outdoorPortalFrame.OutsideView.Add(new ViewPolygon(
+            [
+                new Vector2(-1f, -1f),
+                new Vector2(1f, -1f),
+                new Vector2(1f, 1f),
+                new Vector2(-1f, 1f),
+            ]));
+            _outdoorResult = new RetailPViewFrameResult().Reset(
+                outdoorPortalFrame,
+                ClipFrameAssembler.Assemble(ClipFrame.NoClip(), outdoorPortalFrame),
+                [],
+                new InteriorEntityPartition.Result());
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlySet<uint> OutdoorSceneParticleEntityIds { get; } =
+            new HashSet<uint> { 0xCAFEu };
+
+        public RetailPViewFrameInput? LastInput { get; private set; }
+
+        public bool ThrowOnDraw { get; set; }
+
+        public RetailPViewFrameResult DrawInside(RetailPViewFrameInput input)
+        {
+            _calls.Add("pview:draw");
+            LastInput = input;
+            if (ThrowOnDraw)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("pview failed");
+            return input.RootCell.IsOutdoorNode ? _outdoorResult : _interiorResult;
+        }
+
+        public void AbortFrame() => _calls.Add("pview:abort");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PViewCells : IRetailPViewCellSource
+    {
+        public LoadedCell? Find(uint cellId) => null;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PassExecutor(List<string> calls) : IWorldScenePassExecutor
+    {
+        public bool ThrowOnTerrain { get; set; }
+
+        public bool ThrowOnAbort { get; set; }
+
+        public HashSet<uint>? TerrainVisibleCellIds { get; } = [0x01010001u];
+
+        public RenderFrameFoundation? SkyFoundation { get; private set; }
+
+        public RenderFrameFoundation? WeatherFoundation { get; private set; }
+
+        public DayGroupData? SkyDayGroup { get; private set; }
+
+        public DayGroupData? WeatherDayGroup { get; private set; }
+
+        public float SkyDayFraction { get; private set; }
+
+        public float WeatherDayFraction { get; private set; }
+
+        public IReadOnlySet<uint>? ParticleOwners { get; private set; }
+
+        public void BeginFrame() => calls.Add("passes:begin");
+
+        public void PrepareFlatWorldClip() => calls.Add("flat:clip");
+
+        public void DrawFlatSky(
+            in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+            in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+            DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+            float dayFraction)
+        {
+            calls.Add("flat:sky");
+            SkyFoundation = foundation;
+            SkyDayGroup = activeDayGroup;
+            SkyDayFraction = dayFraction;
+        }
+
+        public void DrawFlatTerrain(in WorldCameraFrame camera, uint? playerLandblockId)
+        {
+            calls.Add("flat:terrain");
+            if (ThrowOnTerrain)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("terrain failed");
+        }
+
+        public void DrawFlatEntities(
+            in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+            IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax,
+                IReadOnlyList<WorldEntity> Entities,
+                IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, WorldEntity>? AnimatedById)> entries,
+            uint? playerLandblockId,
+            HashSet<uint> animatedEntityIds) => calls.Add("flat:entities");
+
+        public string DrawPostWorldParticles(
+            LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+            ClipFrameAssembly? clipAssembly,
+            in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+            IReadOnlySet<uint> outdoorOwnerIds,
+            string currentSignature)
+        {
+            ParticleOwners = outdoorOwnerIds;
+            string kind = clipRoot switch
+            {
+                null => "global",
+                { IsOutdoorNode: true } => currentSignature == "none"
+                    ? "unattached"
+                    : currentSignature + "+unattached",
+                _ => currentSignature,
+            };
+            calls.Add($"particles:{kind}");
+            return kind;
+        }
+
+        public void DrawFlatWeather(
+            in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+            in RenderFrameFoundation foundation,
+            DayGroupData? activeDayGroup,
+            float dayFraction)
+        {
+            calls.Add("flat:weather");
+            WeatherFoundation = foundation;
+            WeatherDayGroup = activeDayGroup;
+            WeatherDayFraction = dayFraction;
+        }
+
+        public void DisableClipDistances() => calls.Add("passes:disable-clip");
+
+        public void AbortFrame()
+        {
+            calls.Add("passes:abort");
+            if (ThrowOnAbort)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("pass abort failed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class Diagnostics(List<string> calls) : IWorldSceneDiagnostics
+    {
+        public CameraCellResolution CameraCellResolution => CameraCellResolution.None;
+
+        public void EmitPViewInput(
+            PortalVisibilityFrame portalFrame,
+            Matrix4x4 viewProjection,
+            LoadedCell clipRoot,
+            Vector3 cameraPosition,
+            Vector3 playerPosition) => calls.Add("diagnostics:pview");
+
+        public void EmitRenderSignature(
+            string branch,
+            LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+            LoadedCell? viewerRoot,
+            LoadedCell? playerRoot,
+            uint viewerCellId,
+            uint playerCellId,
+            bool playerIndoorGate,
+            bool cameraInsideCell,
+            bool renderSky,
+            bool drawSkyThisFrame,
+            bool terrainDrawn,
+            TerrainClipMode terrainClipMode,
+            bool skyDrawn,
+            bool depthClear,
+            bool outdoorSceneryDrawn,
+            int liveDynamicDrawnCount,
+            string sceneParticles,
+            RetailPViewFrameResult? pviewResult,
+            Vector3 cameraPosition,
+            Vector3 playerPosition) =>
+            calls.Add($"diagnostics:signature:{branch}");
+
+        public WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome DrawAndPublish(
+            in WorldCameraFrame camera,
+            IEnumerable<(uint LandblockId, Vector3 AabbMin, Vector3 AabbMax)> bounds)
+        {
+            calls.Add("diagnostics:draw");
+            return new WorldSceneDiagnosticOutcome(3, 8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static WorldRenderFrame CreateFrame(
+        LoadedCell? clipRoot,
+        bool playerSeenOutside)
+    {
+        var camera = new FlyCamera { Position = new Vector3(1f, 2f, 3f) };
+        var cameraFrame = new WorldCameraFrame(
+            camera,
+            camera.Projection,
+            camera.View * camera.Projection,
+            default,
+            Matrix4x4.Identity,
+            camera.Position);
+        var roots = new WorldRootFrame(
+            PlayerRoot: null,
+            PlayerSeenOutside: playerSeenOutside,
+            ViewerCellId: clipRoot?.CellId ?? 0u,
+            ViewerEyePosition: camera.Position,
+            PlayerViewPosition: camera.Position,
+            ViewerRoot: clipRoot,
+            CameraInsideCell: clipRoot is not null,
+            RootSeenOutside: true,
+            PlayerInsideCell: false,
+            PlayerLandblockId: null,
+            RenderCenterLandblockX: 0,
+            RenderCenterLandblockY: 0,
+            PlayerCellId: 0x01010002u,
+            PlayerIndoorGate: false);
+        return new WorldRenderFrame(
+            cameraFrame,
+            roots,
+            new WorldBuildingFrame(null, Array.Empty<LoadedCell>()),
+            []);
+    }
+
+    private static int CountOccurrences(string source, string value)
+    {
+        int count = 0;
+        int cursor = 0;
+        while ((cursor = source.IndexOf(value, cursor, StringComparison.Ordinal)) >= 0)
+        {
+            count++;
+            cursor += value.Length;
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    private static string FindRepoRoot()
+    {
+        DirectoryInfo? directory = new(AppContext.BaseDirectory);
+        while (directory is not null)
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(Path.Combine(directory.FullName, "AcDream.slnx")))
+                return directory.FullName;
+            directory = directory.Parent;
+        }
+
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException("Could not find AcDream.slnx.");
+    }
+}