acdream/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/TextRenderer.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using AcDream.App.Rendering.Gpu;
using AcDream.App.Rendering.Gpu.Gl;
using Silk.NET.OpenGL;

namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;

/// <summary>
/// 2D batched quad renderer for text + solid rectangles. Coordinates are in
/// screen pixels with origin top-left, +X right, +Y down. Call
/// <see cref="Begin"/> at the start of a HUD pass, queue geometry via
/// <see cref="DrawString"/> / <see cref="DrawRect"/>, then <see cref="Flush"/>.
///
/// Campaign V slice V4a: the <c>ui_text</c> shader compiles through
/// <see cref="IGpuDevice.CreatePipeline"/> (one <see cref="IGpuPipeline"/>,
/// replacing the old hand-rolled <c>Shader</c> class), its three
/// fence-buffered per-flight VBOs are gone in favour of a per-<see cref="IGpuFrame"/>
/// ring allocation per draw bucket, and the 1×1 white fill texture is created
/// and uploaded through <see cref="IGpuDevice.CreateTexture"/> and registered
/// into the device's texture table.
///
/// <see cref="IGpuPassEncoder"/> has no verb for classic texture-unit binding
/// (every acdream RHI pass samples through the bindless texture table) but
/// <see cref="DrawSprite"/> receives an ARBITRARY externally-owned raw GL
/// texture name from dozens of UI call sites that are not part of this slice
/// (icons, dat chrome, composited item art) — converting that whole surface
/// to slot-based sampling is out of scope here. So sprite/font texture
/// binding stays classic (<c>glActiveTexture</c>/<c>glBindTexture</c>,
/// <c>ui_text.frag</c>'s <c>uTex</c> sampler unchanged) issued directly against
/// the GL handle this class keeps for that reason, while the shader program
/// itself, its blend/depth/cull description, and every per-frame vertex
/// upload now go through the RHI. This mirrors the same GL-only escape hatch
/// the campaign's V2 note already documents for the interim bindless handle
/// table, and is retired only when a later slice moves ALL of TextRenderer's
/// texture consumers onto registered slots.
///
/// Uses per-bucket ring allocations flushed in up to three draw calls per
/// layer, to avoid a per-vertex "use texture" flag. Rects are drawn first so
/// text sits on top of background panels.
/// </summary>
public sealed unsafe class TextRenderer : IDisposable
{
    private const int FloatsPerVertex = 8;   // pos(2) + uv(2) + color(4)
    private const int VertexStrideBytes = FloatsPerVertex * sizeof(float);

    private static readonly GpuVertexLayout SpriteVertexLayout = new(
        StrideBytes: VertexStrideBytes,
        [
            new GpuVertexAttribute(0, GpuVertexFormat.Float2, 0),
            new GpuVertexAttribute(1, GpuVertexFormat.Float2, 8),
            new GpuVertexAttribute(2, GpuVertexFormat.Float4, 16),
        ]);

    private readonly IGpuDevice _device;
    private readonly GlGpuDevice _glDevice;
    private readonly ICurrentGpuFrameSource _frameSource;
    private readonly GL _gl;
    private readonly ITextRenderGlStateApi _glState;
    private readonly IGpuPipeline _pipeline;
    private readonly IGpuTexture _whiteTexture;
    private readonly uint _whiteTex;   // 1×1 white, for solid fills routed through the sprite bucket
    private readonly int _uScreenSizeLocation;
    private readonly int _uUseTextureLocation;

    private sealed class SpriteSeg { public uint Texture; public readonly List<float> Verts = new(256); }

    // Submission-ordered sprite segments: consecutive DrawSprite calls with the
    // SAME texture batch into one segment; a texture change starts a new segment.
    // Drawing segments in submission order preserves painter z-order for
    // sprite-on-sprite UI. (The old per-texture dictionary drew a REUSED texture
    // at its FIRST-insertion point, so later bar sprites covered glyphs emitted
    // earlier via the shared dat-font atlas — the stamina/mana numbers vanished.)
    private readonly List<float> _textBuf = new(8192);
    private readonly List<float> _rectBuf = new(1024);
    private readonly List<SpriteSeg> _spriteSegs = new();
    private int _segUsed;
    private int _textVerts;
    private int _rectVerts;
    private Vector2 _screenSize;

    /// <summary>
    /// No longer meaningful post-V4a: per-frame vertex data comes from the
    /// device's shared per-flight ring rather than a VBO this class owns. Kept
    /// (returning 0) so <see cref="RenderFrameDiagnosticSources"/>'s telemetry
    /// read still compiles; the dynamic-buffer dimension it reported is now a
    /// device-wide, not a per-renderer, concern.
    /// </summary>
    internal long DynamicBufferCapacityBytes => 0;

    // Overlay layer — a parallel set of buckets drawn AFTER the normal sprite/rect/text
    // buckets, so open popups/menus composite on top of EVERYTHING, including translucent
    // rect panel backgrounds (which otherwise always win because rects flush after
    // sprites). Routed by OverlayMode; the UI root sets it for the popup traversal.
    private readonly List<float> _overlayTextBuf = new(1024);
    private readonly List<float> _overlayRectBuf = new(256);
    private readonly List<SpriteSeg> _overlaySpriteSegs = new();
    private int _overlaySegUsed;
    private int _overlayTextVerts;
    private int _overlayRectVerts;

    /// <summary>When true, Draw* calls route to the overlay layer (flushed last, on top
    /// of all normal-layer geometry). Set by the UI root around the popup/overlay pass.</summary>
    public bool OverlayMode { get; set; }

    // internal, not public: IGpuDevice/ICurrentGpuFrameSource are internal
    // types (the pinned RHI contract). The TextRenderer TYPE stays public —
    // only construction is restricted — so existing public members that hold
    // or return a TextRenderer (e.g. UiHost.TextRenderer) need no visibility
    // change of their own.
    internal TextRenderer(IGpuDevice device, ICurrentGpuFrameSource frameSource, string shaderDir)
    {
        _device = device ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(device));
        _frameSource = frameSource ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(frameSource));
        if (device is not GlGpuDevice glDevice)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException(
                "TextRenderer's classic sprite/font texture-unit binding path (see the class " +
                "remarks) is GL-only; it needs the raw GL handle GlGpuDevice exposes. Other " +
                "backends are out of scope until a later slice removes that classic path.");
        }
        _glDevice = glDevice;
        _gl = glDevice.Gl;
        _glState = new SilkTextRenderGlStateApi(_gl);
        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(shaderDir);

        IGpuPipeline? pipeline = null;
        IGpuTexture? whiteTexture = null;
        try
        {
            pipeline = device.CreatePipeline(new GpuPipelineDescription
            {
                Name = "ui-text",
                Shaders = new GpuShaderSet("ui_text"),
                VertexLayout = SpriteVertexLayout,
                Topology = GpuPrimitiveTopology.TriangleList,
                Blend = GpuBlendMode.StraightAlpha,
                // The retained UI is a self-contained 2-D pass — depth is
                // irrelevant and the world pass's alpha-to-coverage state must
                // not leak in (feedback_render_self_contained_gl_state). Flush
                // below still asserts this by hand via raw GL calls (and
                // GL_MULTISAMPLE, which has no representation here), matching
                // what TextRenderGlStateScope has always restored on exit.
                Depth = GpuDepthState.Disabled,
                Cull = GpuCullMode.None,
                AlphaToCoverage = false,
                ColorWrite = true,
                SampleCount = 1,
            });

            // 1×1 white texture so DrawFill can route solid-colour quads through the SPRITE
            // bucket (the shader multiplies texel×color → white×color = color). Lets a panel
            // background draw UNDER its text in painter order, which DrawRect's separate
            // bucket cannot (it always composites after all sprites).
            whiteTexture = device.CreateTexture(new GpuTextureDescription(
                "ui-text-white",
                GpuTextureKind.Texture2D,
                GpuTextureFormat.Rgba8Unorm,
                Width: 1,
                Height: 1,
                LayerCount: 1,
                MipLevelCount: 1));
            whiteTexture.Upload(0, 0, [255, 255, 255, 255]);
            IGpuSampler whiteSampler = device.CreateSampler(GpuSamplerDescription.UiNearest);
            device.RegisterTexture(whiteTexture, whiteSampler);
        }
        catch
        {
            whiteTexture?.Dispose();
            pipeline?.Dispose();
            throw;
        }

        _pipeline = pipeline;
        _whiteTexture = whiteTexture;
        _whiteTex = ((GlGpuTexture)whiteTexture).GlName;

        uint program = ((GlGpuPipeline)_pipeline).GlProgram;
        _uScreenSizeLocation = _gl.GetUniformLocation(program, "uScreenSize");
        _uUseTextureLocation = _gl.GetUniformLocation(program, "uUseTexture");
        // uTex (the sampler unit) never changes — bind it once rather than on every Flush.
        int texLocation = _gl.GetUniformLocation(program, "uTex");
        if (texLocation >= 0)
        {
            _gl.UseProgram(program);
            _gl.Uniform1(texLocation, 0);
            _gl.UseProgram(0);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Begin a HUD pass. Call once per frame before any Draw* calls.</summary>
    public void Begin(Vector2 screenSize)
    {
        _screenSize = screenSize;
        _textBuf.Clear();
        _rectBuf.Clear();
        _segUsed = 0; // pool the SpriteSeg objects across frames
        _textVerts = 0;
        _rectVerts = 0;
        _overlayTextBuf.Clear();
        _overlayRectBuf.Clear();
        _overlaySegUsed = 0;
        _overlayTextVerts = 0;
        _overlayRectVerts = 0;
        OverlayMode = false;
    }

    /// <summary>Draw a filled rectangle in screen pixel space.</summary>
    public void DrawRect(float x, float y, float w, float h, Vector4 color)
    {
        if (OverlayMode) { AppendQuad(_overlayRectBuf, x, y, w, h, 0, 0, 0, 0, color); _overlayRectVerts += 6; }
        else             { AppendQuad(_rectBuf,        x, y, w, h, 0, 0, 0, 0, color); _rectVerts += 6; }
    }

    /// <summary>Draw a solid-colour quad through the SPRITE bucket (and the overlay layer
    /// when active), so it composites in painter order with sprites + dat-font text. Use
    /// this — not <see cref="DrawRect"/> — for a panel BACKGROUND that text draws on top of:
    /// DrawRect's bucket always flushes after all sprites, so a rect background would cover
    /// the text instead.</summary>
    public void DrawFill(float x, float y, float w, float h, Vector4 color)
        => DrawSprite(_whiteTex, x, y, w, h, 0f, 0f, 1f, 1f, color);

    /// <summary>Draw a 1-pixel-thick outline rect.</summary>
    public void DrawRectOutline(float x, float y, float w, float h, Vector4 color, float thickness = 1f)
    {
        // top, bottom, left, right
        DrawRect(x, y, w, thickness, color);
        DrawRect(x, y + h - thickness, w, thickness, color);
        DrawRect(x, y, thickness, h, color);
        DrawRect(x + w - thickness, y, thickness, h, color);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Draw a single line of text at (x,y) where (x,y) is the top-left of the
    /// typographic block. Handles '\n' as a line break.
    /// </summary>
    public void DrawString(BitmapFont font, string text, float x, float y, Vector4 color)
        => DrawStringCore(
            font, text, x, y, color,
            clip: false, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);

    /// <summary>
    /// Draw a bitmap-font string clipped to an absolute screen-space rectangle.
    /// The retained UI uses this overload when a text element intersects its authored
    /// surface edge. Retail <c>UIElement_Text::DrawSelf @ 0x00467AA0</c> clips the
    /// individual glyph blits instead of discarding the whole line.
    /// </summary>
    internal void DrawStringClipped(
        BitmapFont font,
        string text,
        float x,
        float y,
        Vector4 color,
        float clipLeft,
        float clipTop,
        float clipRight,
        float clipBottom)
        => DrawStringCore(
            font, text, x, y, color,
            clip: true, clipLeft, clipTop, clipRight, clipBottom);

    private void DrawStringCore(
        BitmapFont font,
        string text,
        float x,
        float y,
        Vector4 color,
        bool clip,
        float clipLeft,
        float clipTop,
        float clipRight,
        float clipBottom)
    {
        float cursorX = x;
        // The caller provides top-y; shift to baseline for glyph offset math.
        float baseline = y + font.Ascent;

        for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
        {
            char c = text[i];
            if (c == '\n')
            {
                cursorX = x;
                baseline += font.LineHeight;
                continue;
            }
            if (!font.TryGetGlyph(c, out var g))
            {
                // Unknown glyph — skip its advance width if '?' exists.
                if (font.TryGetGlyph('?', out var q))
                    cursorX += q.Advance;
                continue;
            }

            float gx = cursorX + g.OffsetX;
            float gy = baseline + g.OffsetY;
            float gw = g.Width;
            float gh = g.Height;
            float u0 = g.UvMinX;
            float v0 = g.UvMinY;
            float u1 = g.UvMaxX;
            float v1 = g.UvMaxY;

            if (gw > 0 && gh > 0
                && (!clip || QuadClipper.TryClip(
                    clipLeft, clipTop, clipRight, clipBottom,
                    ref gx, ref gy, ref gw, ref gh,
                    ref u0, ref v0, ref u1, ref v1)))
            {
                if (OverlayMode) { AppendQuad(_overlayTextBuf, gx, gy, gw, gh, u0, v0, u1, v1, color); _overlayTextVerts += 6; }
                else             { AppendQuad(_textBuf,        gx, gy, gw, gh, u0, v0, u1, v1, color); _textVerts += 6; }
            }
            cursorX += g.Advance;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Draw a textured sprite quad in screen pixel space with an explicit
    /// source-UV rectangle (for 9-slice / atlas sub-regions). Batched per
    /// GL texture handle; flushed with uUseTexture=2 (RGBA modulate).
    /// </summary>
    public void DrawSprite(uint texture, float x, float y, float w, float h,
        float u0, float v0, float u1, float v1, Vector4 tint)
    {
        SpriteSeg seg = OverlayMode
            ? NextSpriteSeg(_overlaySpriteSegs, ref _overlaySegUsed, texture)
            : NextSpriteSeg(_spriteSegs,        ref _segUsed,        texture);
        AppendQuad(seg.Verts, x, y, w, h, u0, v0, u1, v1, tint);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Resolves a <see cref="GpuTextureSlot"/> produced by the paperdoll/appraisal
    /// viewport transitional seam (<c>GlGpuDevice.RegisterExternalColorTexture</c>,
    /// campaign doc §7.1) back to the raw GL texture name <see cref="DrawSprite"/>
    /// needs. Returns 0 (no texture) for an unassigned slot. GL-only; removed
    /// at V4g alongside the seam it resolves.
    /// </summary>
    internal uint ResolveExternalTextureSlot(GpuTextureSlot slot) =>
        _glDevice.TryResolveExternalColorTexture(slot, out uint name) ? name : 0;

    /// <summary>Pick the sprite segment for <paramref name="texture"/>: extend the current
    /// same-texture run, else reuse a pooled segment, else allocate. Submission order is
    /// preserved (painter z-order for sprite-on-sprite UI).</summary>
    private static SpriteSeg NextSpriteSeg(List<SpriteSeg> segs, ref int used, uint texture)
    {
        if (used > 0 && segs[used - 1].Texture == texture)
            return segs[used - 1];
        if (used < segs.Count)
        {
            var s = segs[used++];
            s.Texture = texture;
            s.Verts.Clear();
            return s;
        }
        var ns = new SpriteSeg { Texture = texture };
        segs.Add(ns);
        used++;
        return ns;
    }

    private static void AppendQuad(List<float> buf,
        float x, float y, float w, float h,
        float u0, float v0, float u1, float v1, Vector4 color)
    {
        // Two triangles (6 verts). CCW in pixel space is clockwise in NDC
        // because the vertex shader flips Y, so OpenGL's default front-face
        // is GL_CCW — we rely on cull-face being disabled during HUD pass.
        //   (x, y) ─ (x+w, y)
        //     │         │
        //   (x, y+h) ─ (x+w, y+h)
        //
        // Triangle 1: (x,y) (x+w,y+h) (x+w,y)
        // Triangle 2: (x,y) (x,y+h)   (x+w,y+h)
        void V(float px, float py, float pu, float pv)
        {
            buf.Add(px); buf.Add(py);
            buf.Add(pu); buf.Add(pv);
            buf.Add(color.X); buf.Add(color.Y); buf.Add(color.Z); buf.Add(color.W);
        }
        V(x,     y,     u0, v0);
        V(x + w, y + h, u1, v1);
        V(x + w, y,     u1, v0);
        V(x,     y,     u0, v0);
        V(x,     y + h, u0, v1);
        V(x + w, y + h, u1, v1);
    }

    /// <summary>Upload + draw accumulated rects + text. font may be null if only DrawRect was used.</summary>
    public void Flush(BitmapFont? font)
    {
        bool anyNormal  = _segUsed > 0 || _textVerts > 0 || _rectVerts > 0;
        bool anyOverlay = _overlaySegUsed > 0 || _overlayTextVerts > 0 || _overlayRectVerts > 0;
        if (!anyNormal && !anyOverlay) return;

        IGpuFrame frame = _frameSource.CurrentFrame
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException(
                "TextRenderer.Flush requires an open IGpuFrame (see GpuDeviceFrameLifetime) — " +
                "the host must drive IGpuDevice.BeginFrame() before rendering the retained UI.");

        // Retained UI is a private render pass: an upload or draw failure must
        // not leak its depth/cull/blend/MSAA state into a later recoverable
        // frame. The focused scope restores from Flush's generated finally,
        // including when either DrawLayer call throws.
        using var stateScope = new TextRenderGlStateScope(_glState);

        using IGpuPassEncoder encoder = frame.BeginPass(new GpuPassDescription
        {
            Name = "ui-text",
            // GL has no framebuffer-implicit "pass" of its own; this slice's
            // transitional shape (campaign doc §4's GpuPassDescription remarks)
            // opens a Load/Store pass against the backbuffer so clears and
            // framebuffer management stay owned by the frame spine, exactly as
            // today, while this renderer records through the encoder.
            Color = new GpuColorAttachment(
                Target: null,
                Load: GpuLoadOp.Load,
                Store: GpuStoreOp.Store,
                ClearColor: default),
            Depth = null,
            SampleCount = 1,
        });
        encoder.BindPipeline(_pipeline);
        _gl.Uniform2(_uScreenSizeLocation, _screenSize.X, _screenSize.Y);

        // Establish the self-contained UI pass state.
        // The world pass leaves alpha-to-coverage + multisample enabled (WbDrawDispatcher,
        // QualitySettings MSAA). If they bleed into the UI pass, each glyph's soft alpha
        // EDGE is converted to dithered MSAA coverage instead of a clean alpha blend —
        // the "text not sharp / fuzzy" artifact. The UI composites with straight alpha
        // blending and must own this state (feedback_render_self_contained_gl_state).
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.SampleAlphaToCoverage);
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.Multisample);
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.DepthTest);
        _gl.Disable(EnableCap.CullFace);
        _gl.DepthMask(false);
        _gl.Enable(EnableCap.Blend);
        _gl.BlendFunc(BlendingFactor.SrcAlpha, BlendingFactor.OneMinusSrcAlpha);

        // LAYERED compositing for the UI (background → fill → text):
        //   1. RGBA dat sprites  — window chrome / panel backgrounds (behind)
        //   2. Untextured rects  — widget fills (e.g. vital bars) on the chrome
        //   3. Text glyphs       — on top
        // Bucket 1 (sprites) draws in SUBMISSION (painter) order via _spriteSegs,
        // so sprite-on-sprite z is preserved. Buckets 2 (rects) + 3 (debug text)
        // composite on top, in that order. The OVERLAY layer repeats all three
        // AFTER the normal layer, so open popups beat even the rect backgrounds.
        DrawLayer(_spriteSegs, _segUsed, _rectBuf, _rectVerts, _textBuf, _textVerts, font, frame, encoder);
        DrawLayer(_overlaySpriteSegs, _overlaySegUsed, _overlayRectBuf, _overlayRectVerts, _overlayTextBuf, _overlayTextVerts, font, frame, encoder);
    }

    /// <summary>Draw one compositing layer: sprites (submission order, one call per
    /// texture) → untextured rects → debug-font text. Shared by the normal and overlay
    /// layers; GL state + shader are set up by <see cref="Flush"/>.</summary>
    private void DrawLayer(
        List<SpriteSeg> spriteSegs, int segUsed,
        List<float> rectBuf, int rectVerts,
        List<float> textBuf, int textVerts, BitmapFont? font,
        IGpuFrame frame, IGpuPassEncoder encoder)
    {
        // 1. RGBA dat sprites — one draw call per distinct GL texture.
        if (segUsed > 0)
        {
            SetUseTexture(2);
            _gl.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
            for (int i = 0; i < segUsed; i++)
            {
                var seg = spriteSegs[i];
                if (seg.Verts.Count == 0) continue;
                _gl.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, seg.Texture);
                DrawRing(frame, encoder, seg.Verts);
            }
        }

        // 2. Untextured rects — widget fills on top of the chrome.
        if (rectVerts > 0)
        {
            SetUseTexture(0);
            DrawRing(frame, encoder, rectBuf);
        }

        // 3. Textured debug-font text glyphs on top.
        if (textVerts > 0 && font is not null)
        {
            SetUseTexture(1);
            _gl.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
            _gl.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, font.TextureId);
            DrawRing(frame, encoder, textBuf);
        }
    }

    private void SetUseTexture(int mode)
    {
        if (_uUseTextureLocation >= 0)
            _gl.Uniform1(_uUseTextureLocation, mode);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Allocates a ring range from the current frame, copies <paramref name="buf"/>
    /// into it, and issues one non-indexed draw. Replaces the old growable
    /// per-flight VBO + <c>BufferSubData</c> pattern: every UI vertex upload is
    /// now the frame's shared ring, reset once per frame by
    /// <see cref="AcDream.App.Rendering.Gpu.Gl.GlGpuDevice.BeginFrame"/>.
    /// </summary>
    private static void DrawRing(IGpuFrame frame, IGpuPassEncoder encoder, List<float> buf)
    {
        if (buf.Count == 0)
            return;
        GpuRingAllocation allocation = frame.AllocateRing(buf.Count * sizeof(float), GpuRingUsage.Vertex);
        CollectionsMarshal.AsSpan(buf).CopyTo(allocation.AsSpan<float>());
        encoder.BindVertexBuffer(allocation.Buffer, allocation.OffsetBytes);
        encoder.Draw((uint)(buf.Count / FloatsPerVertex), 1, 0, 0);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _whiteTexture.Dispose();
        _pipeline.Dispose();
    }
}