using System;
using System.Numerics;
using Xunit;

namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Rendering;

/// <summary>
/// #108-residual orientation pin: TerrainModernRenderer culls terrain back
/// faces with FrontFace(Ccw) — the GL port of retail's single-sided terrain
/// (ACRender::landPolysDraw 0x006b7040: a land triangle draws ONLY when the
/// camera is on the POSITIVE side of its plane via Plane::which_side2).
///
/// The FrontFace choice rests on one mapping fact: under the production
/// camera convention (Matrix4x4.CreateLookAt with up = world +Z, Numerics
/// CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView — RetailChaseCamera.cs:203 / :52), an
/// UP-FACING terrain triangle that LandblockMesh emits CCW in world XY
/// rasterizes
///   · CCW in NDC/window space when the eye is ABOVE its plane (kept), and
///   · CW when the eye is BELOW (culled — retail draws nothing there: from
///     a below-grade cellar eye the door aperture shows sky, never grass).
/// This test pins that mapping in pure CPU math so a projection-convention
/// change (handedness, Y-flip) can't silently invert the cull and either
/// resurrect the #108 grass window or cull terrain from above.
/// </summary>
public class TerrainCullOrientationTests
{
    // An up-facing triangle, CCW in world XY viewed from above — the exact
    // emission convention pinned by LandblockMeshTests (crossZ > 0).
    private static readonly Vector3[] Triangle =
    {
        new(-1f, 10f, 94f),
        new( 1f, 10f, 94f),
        new( 1f, 12f, 94f),
    };

    private static float NdcSignedArea2(Vector3 eye, Vector3 forward)
    {
        // The production camera shape: look-at with world-Z up
        // (RetailChaseCamera.cs:203), Numerics perspective with the retail
        // znear 0.1 (RetailChaseCamera.cs:52).
        var view = Matrix4x4.CreateLookAt(eye, eye + forward, Vector3.UnitZ);
        var proj = Matrix4x4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathF.PI / 3f, 16f / 9f, 0.1f, 5000f);
        var viewProj = view * proj;

        Span<Vector2> ndc = stackalloc Vector2[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
            var c = Vector4.Transform(new Vector4(Triangle[i], 1f), viewProj);
            Assert.True(c.W > 1e-3f, "test triangle must be in front of the eye");
            ndc[i] = new Vector2(c.X / c.W, c.Y / c.W);
        }

        // Twice the signed area: > 0 = CCW in NDC (GL window space keeps the
        // orientation — NDC y up maps to window y up, no flip).
        return (ndc[1].X - ndc[0].X) * (ndc[2].Y - ndc[0].Y)
             - (ndc[1].Y - ndc[0].Y) * (ndc[2].X - ndc[0].X);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void EyeAboveTerrainPlane_WindsCcw_FrontFaceKept()
    {
        // Eye above grade looking forward-down at the triangle (the normal
        // outdoor view). Retail: which_side2 = POSITIVE → drawn.
        float area = NdcSignedArea2(new Vector3(0f, 5f, 96.5f), new Vector3(0f, 1f, -0.3f));
        Assert.True(area > 0f,
            $"above-plane eye must see the terrain triangle CCW (area2={area}) — " +
            "FrontFace(Ccw)+Cull(Back) would otherwise cull terrain from above");
    }

    [Fact]
    public void EyeBelowTerrainPlane_WindsCw_BackfaceCulled()
    {
        // Eye below grade (the cellar-stairwell window) looking up-forward at
        // the underside. Retail: which_side2 = NEGATIVE → not drawn at all —
        // the #108 grass that covered the exit door was exactly this
        // underside rasterizing when culling was left disabled.
        float area = NdcSignedArea2(new Vector3(0f, 5f, 92.5f), new Vector3(0f, 1f, 0.2f));
        Assert.True(area < 0f,
            $"below-plane eye must see the terrain triangle CW (area2={area}) — " +
            "it must backface-cull like retail's which_side2 eye-side gate");
    }
}