using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Numerics;

namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;

/// <summary>
/// T3 (BR-5): the port of retail's <c>Render::viewconeCheck</c> (Ghidra
/// 0x0054c250) — meshes (characters, statics, emitters) are CULLED per portal
/// view by a bounding-sphere test against the view's edge planes, never
/// clipped. Retail stores each view vertex with its 3D eye-edge plane
/// (<c>view_vertex { Vec2D pt; Plane plane }</c>, acclient.h:32483) and tests
/// the object's drawing sphere against the installed view's plane set;
/// OUTSIDE → skipped (RenderDeviceD3D::DrawMesh per-view loop pc:429290-429310,
/// and the DrawCells per-cell object epilogue, Ghidra 0x005a4840).
///
/// <para>Our views are clip-space half-planes (≤8 per slice,
/// <see cref="ClipPlaneSet"/> output: (nx,ny,0,d) satisfied when
/// nx·Cx + ny·Cy + d·Cw ≥ 0 for clip-space C). Lifting one to world space —
/// the view_vertex.plane analog, a plane through the EYE and the view edge —
/// is one matrix fold: with row-vector convention (System.Numerics),
/// C = world·VP, so C·P = world·(VP·P); L = VP·P (rows of VP dotted with P)
/// is the world-space homogeneous half-plane. Sphere-vs-half-plane keeps the
/// sphere when L.xyz·c + L.w ≥ −r·|L.xyz| (not entirely outside).</para>
///
/// <para>A sphere is visible through a SLICE when it is not entirely outside
/// any of the slice's planes (convex region); visible for a CELL when any of
/// the cell's slices passes. A slice with zero planes is pass-all (the
/// NoClipSlice / full-screen outdoor case). A cell with no views culls — in
/// retail an object whose cell is not in the draw list is simply never
/// reached.</para>
/// </summary>
public sealed class ViewconeCuller
{
    private readonly Dictionary<uint, Vector4[][]> _cellPlanes = new();
    private Vector4[][] _outsidePlanes = Array.Empty<Vector4[]>();

    /// <summary>True when the outside view is a full-screen pass-all (the
    /// synthetic outdoor root) — every outside-test passes.</summary>
    public bool OutsideIsFullScreen { get; private set; }

    public static ViewconeCuller Build(ClipFrameAssembly assembly, in Matrix4x4 viewProjection)
    {
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(assembly);
        var culler = new ViewconeCuller();

        foreach (var (cellId, slices) in assembly.CellIdToViewSlices)
        {
            var lifted = new Vector4[slices.Length][];
            for (int s = 0; s < slices.Length; s++)
                lifted[s] = LiftPlanes(slices[s].Planes, viewProjection);
            culler._cellPlanes[cellId] = lifted;
        }

        var outside = assembly.OutsideViewSlices;
        var outsideLifted = new Vector4[outside.Length][];
        bool fullScreen = false;
        for (int s = 0; s < outside.Length; s++)
        {
            outsideLifted[s] = LiftPlanes(outside[s].Planes, viewProjection);
            if (outside[s].Planes.Length == 0)
                fullScreen = true;
        }
        culler._outsidePlanes = outsideLifted;
        culler.OutsideIsFullScreen = fullScreen;
        return culler;
    }

    private static Vector4[] LiftPlanes(Vector4[] clipPlanes, in Matrix4x4 m)
    {
        if (clipPlanes.Length == 0)
            return Array.Empty<Vector4>();
        var world = new Vector4[clipPlanes.Length];
        for (int i = 0; i < clipPlanes.Length; i++)
        {
            var p = clipPlanes[i];
            world[i] = new Vector4(
                m.M11 * p.X + m.M12 * p.Y + m.M13 * p.Z + m.M14 * p.W,
                m.M21 * p.X + m.M22 * p.Y + m.M23 * p.Z + m.M24 * p.W,
                m.M31 * p.X + m.M32 * p.Y + m.M33 * p.Z + m.M34 * p.W,
                m.M41 * p.X + m.M42 * p.Y + m.M43 * p.Z + m.M44 * p.W);
        }
        return world;
    }

    private static bool SphereInsidePlanes(Vector4[] planes, in Vector3 center, float radius)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < planes.Length; i++)
        {
            var l = planes[i];
            float nLen = MathF.Sqrt(l.X * l.X + l.Y * l.Y + l.Z * l.Z);
            if (nLen < 1e-12f)
                continue;   // degenerate plane — no constraint
            float dist = l.X * center.X + l.Y * center.Y + l.Z * center.Z + l.W;
            if (dist < -radius * nLen)
                return false;   // entirely outside this edge plane
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>Sphere-vs-the-cell's-views: visible when any slice passes.
    /// A cell with no views culls (not in the draw list ⇒ never reached in
    /// retail). A zero-plane slice is pass-all.</summary>
    public bool SphereVisibleInCell(uint cellId, in Vector3 center, float radius)
    {
        if (!_cellPlanes.TryGetValue(cellId, out var slices))
            return false;
        for (int s = 0; s < slices.Length; s++)
            if (SphereInsidePlanes(slices[s], center, radius))
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    /// <summary>Sphere-vs-the-outside-views (objects in outdoor space seen
    /// from an interior root through doorways; pass-all under the outdoor
    /// root's full-screen outside view).</summary>
    public bool SphereVisibleOutside(in Vector3 center, float radius)
    {
        if (OutsideIsFullScreen)
            return true;
        for (int s = 0; s < _outsidePlanes.Length; s++)
            if (SphereInsidePlanes(_outsidePlanes[s], center, radius))
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    /// <summary>Sphere vs ONE outside slice (the landscape pass draws per
    /// slice; its statics pre-filter tests against exactly that slice).</summary>
    public bool SphereVisibleInOutsideSlice(int sliceIndex, in Vector3 center, float radius)
    {
        if ((uint)sliceIndex >= (uint)_outsidePlanes.Length)
            return false;
        return SphereInsidePlanes(_outsidePlanes[sliceIndex], center, radius);
    }
}