using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Numerics;

namespace AcDream.Core.Physics;

/// <summary>
/// Cell-based spatial index for object collision. Each entity registers
/// into the outdoor terrain cells (24m × 24m) it overlaps. The Transition
/// system queries this to find nearby objects during collision detection.
///
/// Retail AC uses the same cell-based approach (no k-d tree / octree).
/// Outdoor cells are 24×24m (8 cells per 192m landblock, 64 cells per lb).
/// Cell ID = landblock high 16 bits | (cellX * 8 + cellY + 1) in low 16.
/// </summary>
public sealed class ShadowObjectRegistry
{
    private readonly Dictionary<uint, List<ShadowEntry>> _cells = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<uint, List<uint>> _entityToCells = new(); // for deregistration

    /// <summary>
    /// Register an entity into the cells it overlaps based on world position + radius.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// The optional <paramref name="state"/> + <paramref name="flags"/>
    /// parameters carry retail <c>PhysicsState</c> bits and decoded
    /// <see cref="EntityCollisionFlags"/> respectively, so the
    /// <c>FindObjCollisions</c> retail-faithful exemption block (PvP rule,
    /// ETHEREAL skip, viewer-vs-creature) can short-circuit without an
    /// extra lookup. Default <c>state=0</c> + <c>flags=None</c> preserves
    /// the original "static decoration" behavior — the existing 5
    /// landblock-entity registration sites pass nothing.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    public void Register(uint entityId, uint gfxObjId, Vector3 worldPos, Quaternion rotation,
                         float radius, float worldOffsetX, float worldOffsetY, uint landblockId,
                         ShadowCollisionType collisionType = ShadowCollisionType.BSP,
                         float cylHeight = 0f, float scale = 1.0f,
                         uint state = 0u,
                         EntityCollisionFlags flags = EntityCollisionFlags.None,
                         uint cellScope = 0u)
    {
        Deregister(entityId);

        var entry = new ShadowEntry(entityId, gfxObjId, worldPos, rotation, radius,
                                    collisionType, cylHeight, scale, state, flags);

        // ISSUES #83 / Phase A1.5 (2026-05-21): if the caller passed a
        // cellScope (typically the entity's ParentCellId for an interior
        // EnvCell static), scope the shadow to ONLY that cell instead of
        // computing outdoor-landcell occupancy from XY. Without this,
        // interior statics (a fireplace inside cell 0xA9B40121) get
        // registered into the outdoor landcell whose XY they overlap
        // (e.g. 0xA9B40029) and fire collisions when the player is OUTSIDE
        // the building — the user-reported "thin air" collision outdoors.
        if (cellScope != 0u)
        {
            if (!_cells.TryGetValue(cellScope, out var scopedList))
            {
                scopedList = new List<ShadowEntry>();
                _cells[cellScope] = scopedList;
            }
            scopedList.Add(entry);
            _entityToCells[entityId] = new List<uint> { cellScope };
            return;
        }

        // The radius parameter should already be the WORLD-SPACE bounding
        // radius (i.e., already multiplied by scale) so the broad-phase cell
        // occupancy is correct. Callers are responsible for that.
        float localX = worldPos.X - worldOffsetX;
        float localY = worldPos.Y - worldOffsetY;

        int minCx = Math.Max(0, (int)((localX - radius) / 24f));
        int maxCx = Math.Min(7, (int)((localX + radius) / 24f));
        int minCy = Math.Max(0, (int)((localY - radius) / 24f));
        int maxCy = Math.Min(7, (int)((localY + radius) / 24f));

        var cellIds = new List<uint>();

        uint lbPrefix = landblockId & 0xFFFF0000u;

        for (int cx = minCx; cx <= maxCx; cx++)
        {
            for (int cy = minCy; cy <= maxCy; cy++)
            {
                uint cellId = lbPrefix | (uint)(cx * 8 + cy + 1);
                cellIds.Add(cellId);

                if (!_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list))
                {
                    list = new List<ShadowEntry>();
                    _cells[cellId] = list;
                }
                list.Add(entry);
            }
        }

        _entityToCells[entityId] = cellIds;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Update an already-registered entity's world position + rotation,
    /// preserving its <see cref="ShadowEntry.State"/>,
    /// <see cref="ShadowEntry.Flags"/>, and shape parameters.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Cheaper than <see cref="Deregister"/> + <see cref="Register"/> for
    /// the 5–10 Hz <c>UpdatePosition (0xF748)</c> stream the server emits
    /// per visible entity: this is the path retail's
    /// <c>CPhysicsObj::SetPosition</c> takes (cited at
    /// <c>acclient_2013_pseudo_c.txt:284276</c>) — same shape, new cell
    /// membership. If the entity isn't already registered, this is a
    /// no-op so callers don't have to gate.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    public void UpdatePosition(uint entityId, Vector3 worldPos, Quaternion rotation,
                               float worldOffsetX, float worldOffsetY, uint landblockId)
    {
        // Find the existing entry (any cell holds a copy with the same
        // entity-scoped state + flags + shape).
        if (!_entityToCells.TryGetValue(entityId, out var oldCells) || oldCells.Count == 0)
            return;

        ShadowEntry? template = null;
        foreach (var oldCellId in oldCells)
        {
            if (_cells.TryGetValue(oldCellId, out var list))
            {
                foreach (var e in list)
                {
                    if (e.EntityId == entityId)
                    {
                        template = e;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (template is not null) break;
        }
        if (template is null)
            return;

        // Preserve everything except position + rotation.
        var t = template.Value;
        Register(entityId, t.GfxObjId, worldPos, rotation, t.Radius,
                 worldOffsetX, worldOffsetY, landblockId,
                 t.CollisionType, t.CylHeight, t.Scale,
                 t.State, t.Flags);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Update the cached <see cref="ShadowEntry.State"/> bits for an
    /// already-registered entity. Called by the inbound
    /// <c>SetState (0xF74B)</c> dispatcher when the server broadcasts a
    /// post-spawn <c>PhysicsState</c> change — chiefly doors flipping
    /// <c>ETHEREAL_PS = 0x4</c> on Use, so the
    /// <see cref="CollisionExemption.ShouldSkip"/> short-circuit can honor
    /// the new state on the next resolve.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Retail equivalent: <c>CPhysicsObj::set_state</c> at
    /// <c>docs/research/named-retail/acclient_2013_pseudo_c.txt:283044</c>
    /// — direct write `this->state = arg2`. Retail also fires side-effect
    /// handlers for the 0x800 (lighting), 0x20 (nodraw), 0x4000 (hidden)
    /// changed bits; ETHEREAL (0x4) doesn't trigger any of them, so slice 1
    /// scopes to the bare state-write.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Implementation: <see cref="ShadowEntry"/> is a value-type record
    /// copied into per-cell lists, so we rewrite the copy in each cell the
    /// entity occupies. Unregistered entities are a no-op (callers don't
    /// have to gate).
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    public void UpdatePhysicsState(uint entityId, uint newState)
    {
        if (!_entityToCells.TryGetValue(entityId, out var cellIds))
            return; // not registered — no-op

        foreach (var cellId in cellIds)
        {
            if (!_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list)) continue;
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                if (list[i].EntityId == entityId)
                    list[i] = list[i] with { State = newState };
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Remove an entity from all cells it was registered in.</summary>
    public void Deregister(uint entityId)
    {
        if (!_entityToCells.TryGetValue(entityId, out var cellIds))
            return;

        foreach (var cellId in cellIds)
        {
            if (_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list))
                list.RemoveAll(e => e.EntityId == entityId);
        }
        _entityToCells.Remove(entityId);
    }

    /// <summary>Remove all entities belonging to a landblock.</summary>
    public void RemoveLandblock(uint landblockId)
    {
        uint lbPrefix = landblockId & 0xFFFF0000u;
        var toRemove = new List<uint>();

        foreach (var kvp in _cells)
        {
            if ((kvp.Key & 0xFFFF0000u) == lbPrefix)
                toRemove.Add(kvp.Key);
        }

        foreach (var cellId in toRemove)
            _cells.Remove(cellId);

        // Clean up entity-to-cell map
        var entitiesToRemove = new List<uint>();
        foreach (var kvp in _entityToCells)
        {
            kvp.Value.RemoveAll(c => (c & 0xFFFF0000u) == lbPrefix);
            if (kvp.Value.Count == 0)
                entitiesToRemove.Add(kvp.Key);
        }
        foreach (var eid in entitiesToRemove)
            _entityToCells.Remove(eid);
    }

    /// <summary>Get all objects registered in a specific cell.</summary>
    public IReadOnlyList<ShadowEntry> GetObjectsInCell(uint cellId)
    {
        if (_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list))
            return list;
        return Array.Empty<ShadowEntry>();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Get all objects near a world position. Searches the given landblock plus
    /// all 8 adjacent landblocks to handle objects near cell/landblock boundaries.
    /// Within each landblock, queries only the cells the query sphere overlaps.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Issue #91 (2026-05-20): the optional <paramref name="portalReachableCells"/>
    /// parameter is the candidate set returned by <see cref="CellTransit.FindCellSet"/>.
    /// When supplied, indoor shadows registered via <see cref="Register"/>'s
    /// <c>cellScope</c> parameter (A1.5 fix at `4d3bf6f`) are ALSO included in
    /// the result. Without this, interior statics (fireplaces, tables, chests)
    /// registered against e.g. `0xA9B40121` are stored under that key but the
    /// outdoor-grid lookup (cell ids like `0xA9B40029`) never queries the
    /// indoor key. Net effect pre-fix: interior items don't block movement.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Issue #98 (2026-05-24): the optional <paramref name="primaryCellId"/>
    /// parameter gates the outdoor radial sweep on the SPHERE's primary cell
    /// type. Mirrors retail's <c>CObjCell::find_cell_list</c> at
    /// <c>acclient_2013_pseudo_c.txt:308751-308769</c>: when the sphere's
    /// position is in an indoor cell (id ≥ 0x0100), retail only adds THAT
    /// cell + portal-visible neighbors to the cell array — never outdoor
    /// cells (except via portal traversal — see #99 below). Combined with
    /// <c>CEnvCell::find_collisions</c> only iterating
    /// <c>this->shadow_object_list</c>, retail's indoor cells never test
    /// against outdoor statics like landblock-baked buildings.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Pre-fix bug shape (issue #98): the cellar EnvCell's player sphere
    /// queried the outdoor 24-m grid via the radial sweep and picked up the
    /// landblock-wide cottage GfxObj (registered with <c>cellScope=0</c>);
    /// the head sphere bumped the cottage's downward-facing floor poly from
    /// below at world Z=94 and capped the ascent. With this gate, the
    /// outdoor sweep is skipped when the primary cell is indoor, so the
    /// cottage is only seen from outdoor primary cells (the building's
    /// own outdoor footprint). Default <c>primaryCellId=0</c> preserves
    /// the pre-fix radial-only behavior for callers that don't know /
    /// care about cell type (existing tests).
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// A6.P4 slice 1 / issue #99 (2026-05-24): the
    /// <paramref name="portalReachableCells"/> loop no longer filters out
    /// outdoor cell ids. <see cref="CellTransit.FindCellSet"/> already adds
    /// outdoor cells to the candidate set when the sphere straddles an
    /// indoor cell's exit portal (<c>OtherCellId=0xFFFF</c>) via
    /// <see cref="CellTransit.AddAllOutsideCells(System.Numerics.Vector3, float, uint, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet{uint})"/>.
    /// Pre-slice-1, the explicit
    /// "skip outdoor ids" filter combined with #98's indoor-primary gate
    /// meant doors registered at outdoor cells (default <c>cellScope=0</c>
    /// for server-spawned doors at GameWindow.cs:3139) were invisible to
    /// spheres on the indoor side of the doorway — walk-through. Iterating
    /// those outdoor cells from the portal-reachable set lets the indoor
    /// query reach them without re-enabling the full 24-m radial sweep
    /// (which is what #98 closed).
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    public void GetNearbyObjects(Vector3 worldPos, float queryRadius,
                                  float worldOffsetX, float worldOffsetY, uint landblockId,
                                  List<ShadowEntry> results,
                                  System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection<uint>? portalReachableCells = null,
                                  uint primaryCellId = 0u)
    {
        results.Clear();
        var seen = new HashSet<uint>();

        // Cells reachable from the sphere's primary cell via the portal graph
        // (output of CellTransit.FindCellSet). This set holds the primary
        // cell, any indoor neighbours the sphere overlaps via portals, and —
        // when the sphere straddles an exit portal (0xFFFF) — outdoor cells
        // added by AddAllOutsideCells. Iterate all of them so cellScope-
        // registered indoor statics AND outdoor-scope shadows reachable
        // through a doorway are both visible.
        if (portalReachableCells is not null)
        {
            foreach (uint cellId in portalReachableCells)
            {
                if (!_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list)) continue;
                foreach (var entry in list)
                {
                    if (seen.Add(entry.EntityId))
                        results.Add(entry);
                }
            }
        }

        // Issue #98 (2026-05-24): when the sphere is in an INDOOR cell, skip
        // the outdoor radial sweep entirely — retail's CEnvCell::find_collisions
        // only iterates this->shadow_object_list, never outdoor cells'. Indoor
        // statics are reached via indoorCellIds above. This closes the
        // cottage-cellar Z-cap (head sphere bumping cottage floor from below
        // because the landblock-wide cottage GfxObj was returned by the
        // unconditional radial sweep). Callers that don't pass primaryCellId
        // (or pass 0) keep the pre-fix radial-only behavior.
        if ((primaryCellId & 0xFFFFu) >= 0x0100u)
            return;

        // Extract landblock X/Y from the ID.
        int lbX = (int)((landblockId >> 24) & 0xFF);
        int lbY = (int)((landblockId >> 16) & 0xFF);

        // Search the player's landblock and all 8 neighbors.
        for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++)
        {
            for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++)
            {
                int nx = lbX + dx;
                int ny = lbY + dy;
                if (nx < 0 || nx > 255 || ny < 0 || ny > 255) continue;

                uint neighborLb = ((uint)nx << 24) | ((uint)ny << 16) | 0xFFFFu;
                uint nbPrefix = neighborLb & 0xFFFF0000u;

                // Compute local position relative to this neighbor landblock.
                float nbOffX = worldOffsetX + dx * 192f;
                float nbOffY = worldOffsetY + dy * 192f;
                float localX = worldPos.X - nbOffX;
                float localY = worldPos.Y - nbOffY;

                int minCx = Math.Max(0, (int)((localX - queryRadius) / 24f));
                int maxCx = Math.Min(7, (int)((localX + queryRadius) / 24f));
                int minCy = Math.Max(0, (int)((localY - queryRadius) / 24f));
                int maxCy = Math.Min(7, (int)((localY + queryRadius) / 24f));

                for (int cx = minCx; cx <= maxCx; cx++)
                {
                    for (int cy = minCy; cy <= maxCy; cy++)
                    {
                        uint cellId = nbPrefix | (uint)(cx * 8 + cy + 1);
                        if (!_cells.TryGetValue(cellId, out var list)) continue;

                        foreach (var entry in list)
                        {
                            if (seen.Add(entry.EntityId))
                                results.Add(entry);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public int TotalRegistered => _entityToCells.Count;

    /// <summary>
    /// Debug: enumerate every registered ShadowEntry (deduplicated across cells).
    /// For each entity, returns the first entry found in any cell it occupies.
    /// Intended for debug rendering only.
    /// </summary>
    public IEnumerable<ShadowEntry> AllEntriesForDebug()
    {
        var seen = new HashSet<uint>();
        foreach (var kvp in _cells)
        {
            foreach (var entry in kvp.Value)
            {
                if (seen.Add(entry.EntityId))
                    yield return entry;
            }
        }
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Collision type for a shadow entry. BSP uses full polygon collision.
/// Cylinder uses a simple cylinder-sphere intersection test.
/// </summary>
public enum ShadowCollisionType : byte { BSP, Cylinder }

public readonly record struct ShadowEntry(
    uint EntityId,
    uint GfxObjId,
    Vector3 Position,
    Quaternion Rotation,
    float Radius,
    ShadowCollisionType CollisionType = ShadowCollisionType.BSP,
    float CylHeight = 0f,
    float Scale = 1.0f,
    /// <summary>
    /// Retail <c>PhysicsState</c> bits (<c>acclient.h:2815</c>). Used
    /// by <c>FindObjCollisions</c> to honor <c>ETHEREAL_PS=0x4</c> +
    /// <c>IGNORE_COLLISIONS_PS=0x10</c> short-circuits. Zero for static
    /// landblock entities (default behavior matches pre-Commit-A).
    /// </summary>
    uint State = 0u,
    /// <summary>
    /// Decoded player / PK / PKLite / Impenetrable flags driving the
    /// retail PvP exemption block in <c>FindObjCollisions</c>. Built
    /// from <c>PWD._bitfield</c> at <c>CreateObject</c> time via
    /// <see cref="EntityCollisionFlagsExt.FromPwdBitfield(uint)"/>.
    /// </summary>
    EntityCollisionFlags Flags = EntityCollisionFlags.None);