using System.Buffers.Binary;
using AcDream.Core.Net.Cryptography;

namespace AcDream.Core.Net.Tests.Transport;

/// <summary>
/// Faithful port of ACE's server-side C2S checksum-key discipline
/// (<c>references/ACE/Source/ACE.Common/Cryptography/CryptoSystem.cs</c>)
/// over acdream's <see cref="IsaacRandom"/>. This is the exact machinery
/// Coldeve uses to verify every encrypted client packet, so the double must
/// reproduce its behavior word-for-word — in particular the 256-key search
/// window, the parked-key set ("xors"), and the way an unexpected key
/// permanently orphans window capacity.
///
/// <para>
/// Behavior summary (all ACE, none invented):
/// <list type="bullet">
///   <item>The keystream is one ISAAC word per ENCRYPTED packet, in the
///         order the client SENT them (drew them), not arrival order.</item>
///   <item><see cref="Search"/> walks forward at most
///         <see cref="MaximumEffortLevel"/> − |xors| words hunting for the
///         presented key, parking every skipped word in the xors set.</item>
///   <item><see cref="ConsumeKey"/> advances the wheel when the presented
///         key is the current one, otherwise un-parks it from xors.</item>
///   <item>A key that is BEHIND the wheel (already consumed) can never be
///         found again — searching for it burns the remaining window.</item>
/// </list>
/// </para>
/// </summary>
internal sealed class AceCryptoModel
{
    /// <summary>CryptoSystem.cs:8 — the 256-key search window.</summary>
    public const int MaximumEffortLevel = 256;

    private readonly IsaacRandom _keystream;

    /// <summary>
    /// CryptoSystem.cs:9 — keys the search walked past while hunting for an
    /// out-of-order arrival, parked so the retransmission (carrying the
    /// ORIGINAL key) can still verify.
    /// </summary>
    private readonly HashSet<uint> _xors = new();

    /// <summary>CryptoSystem.cs:10 — the next expected keystream word.</summary>
    public uint CurrentKey { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// CryptoSystem.cs:11-14 — seed the ISAAC wheel and pre-draw the first
    /// key. ACE's <c>CryptoSystem(uint seed)</c> passes
    /// <c>BitConverter.GetBytes(seed)</c> (little-endian), which we mirror.
    /// </summary>
    public AceCryptoModel(uint seed)
    {
        Span<byte> seedBytes = stackalloc byte[4];
        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(seedBytes, seed);
        _keystream = new IsaacRandom(seedBytes);
        CurrentKey = _keystream.Next();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Remaining search capacity: 256 − |xors|. Every parked key that is
    /// never consumed (an orphan — e.g. from a re-keyed resend) shrinks this
    /// permanently. When it reaches zero, the next packet loss is
    /// unrecoverable.
    /// </summary>
    public int Headroom => MaximumEffortLevel - _xors.Count;

    /// <summary>
    /// Number of currently parked keys. A parked key is either a pending
    /// retransmission's original key (healthy, recovered on arrival) or a
    /// permanent orphan (the client re-keyed the resend and the original
    /// word will never be presented).
    /// </summary>
    public int OrphanCount => _xors.Count;

    /// <summary>
    /// CryptoSystem.cs:19-29 — advance the wheel if <paramref name="x"/> is
    /// the current key; otherwise remove it from the parked set.
    /// </summary>
    public void ConsumeKey(uint x)
    {
        if (CurrentKey == x)
            CurrentKey = _keystream.Next();
        else
            _xors.Remove(x);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// CryptoSystem.cs:30-49 — is <paramref name="x"/> the current key, a
    /// parked key, or reachable within the remaining search window? Walking
    /// parks every skipped word. Verbatim port including the loop bound
    /// being captured BEFORE the walk starts.
    /// </summary>
    public bool Search(uint x)
    {
        if (CurrentKey == x)
            return true;
        if (_xors.Contains(x))
            return true;

        int g = _xors.Count;
        for (int i = 0; i < MaximumEffortLevel - g; i++)
        {
            _xors.Add(CurrentKey);
            ConsumeKey(CurrentKey);
            if (CurrentKey == x)
                return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
}