using System.Numerics;
using AcDream.Core.Terrain;
using DatReaderWriter;
using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
using DatReaderWriter.Enums;

namespace AcDream.Core.Meshing;

public static class GfxObjMesh
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Walk a GfxObj's polygons and produce one <see cref="GfxObjSubMesh"/>
    /// per referenced Surface, emitting positive-side and negative-side
    /// triangles separately when the polygon specifies both.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="gfxObj">The GfxObj to build sub-meshes from.</param>
    /// <param name="dats">
    /// Optional dat collection used to read Surface.Type flags and set
    /// <see cref="GfxObjSubMesh.Translucency"/>. When null (e.g. offline tests)
    /// all sub-meshes default to <see cref="TranslucencyKind.Opaque"/>.
    /// </param>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// Ported from
    /// <c>references/WorldBuilder/Chorizite.OpenGLSDLBackend/Lib/ObjectMeshManager.cs</c>
    /// (BuildPolygonIndices + the pos/neg emission loop around line 955).
    /// The rule for emitting a polygon side:
    /// </para>
    /// <list type="bullet">
    ///   <item><b>Pos side:</b> emit whenever <c>!Stippling.NoPos</c> and
    ///         <c>PosSurface</c> is a valid index.</item>
    ///   <item><b>Neg side:</b> emit when
    ///         <c>Stippling.Negative</c>, <c>Stippling.Both</c>, or
    ///         <c>(!Stippling.NoNeg &amp;&amp; SidesType == CullMode.Clockwise)</c>.
    ///         The last condition is AC's non-obvious convention for "this
    ///         polygon has a back face even though nothing in Stippling
    ///         declares it" — you cannot drop it without punching holes
    ///         through closed meshes like the lifestone and any other
    ///         weenie that relies on double-sided polygons.</item>
    /// </list>
    /// <para>
    /// Neg-side triangles get the reversed winding and a negated vertex
    /// normal so lighting stays correct if we ever enable face culling;
    /// acdream currently renders with culling disabled, but we still emit
    /// reversed indices to keep the semantics right.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// The dedup cache is keyed by <c>(posIdx, uvIdx, isNeg)</c> because
    /// the same vertex position on the pos and neg sides needs different
    /// normals (and potentially different UVs via <c>NegUVIndices</c>).
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    public static IReadOnlyList<GfxObjSubMesh> Build(GfxObj gfxObj, DatCollection? dats = null)
    {
        // One bucket per (surface-index, isNeg) pair. Negative-side triangles
        // always land in a different bucket than their positive counterparts
        // because their normals and winding differ; the renderer doesn't care
        // about the distinction once sub-meshes are emitted, but the build
        // loop has to keep them separate to produce correct vertex data.
        var perBucket = new Dictionary<(int surfaceIdx, bool isNeg),
            (List<Vertex> Vertices, List<uint> Indices,
             Dictionary<(int pos, int uv, bool neg), uint> Dedupe)>();

        foreach (var kvp in gfxObj.Polygons)
        {
            var poly = kvp.Value;
            if (poly.VertexIds.Count < 3)
                continue;  // degenerate — can't form a triangle

            // --- Positive side ---
            bool hasPos = !poly.Stippling.HasFlag(StipplingType.NoPos);
            if (hasPos)
                EmitSide(poly, poly.PosSurface, isNeg: false);

            // --- Negative side ---
            // Three ways AC flags a polygon as double-sided:
            //   1. Stippling.Negative or Stippling.Both — explicit.
            //   2. Stippling.NoNeg is NOT set AND SidesType == Clockwise —
            //      AC's "Clockwise CullMode means there are NegUVIndices
            //      on the wire" convention. See
            //      DatReaderWriter/.../Generated/Types/Polygon.generated.cs
            //      — NegUVIndices are only read when SidesType == Clockwise,
            //      and WorldBuilder uses the same rule to decide whether to
            //      emit the neg side at build time.
            bool hasNeg =
                poly.Stippling.HasFlag(StipplingType.Negative) ||
                poly.Stippling.HasFlag(StipplingType.Both) ||
                (!poly.Stippling.HasFlag(StipplingType.NoNeg) && poly.SidesType == CullMode.Clockwise);

            if (hasNeg)
                EmitSide(poly, poly.NegSurface, isNeg: true);

            void EmitSide(DatReaderWriter.Types.Polygon p, short surfaceIdx, bool isNeg)
            {
                if (surfaceIdx < 0 || surfaceIdx >= gfxObj.Surfaces.Count)
                    return;

                var bucketKey = ((int)surfaceIdx, isNeg);
                if (!perBucket.TryGetValue(bucketKey, out var bucket))
                {
                    bucket = (new List<Vertex>(), new List<uint>(),
                              new Dictionary<(int, int, bool), uint>());
                    perBucket[bucketKey] = bucket;
                }

                // Collect one output index per polygon corner. If we fail to
                // resolve a vertex we abort the whole polygon rather than
                // emitting a degenerate triangle (matches the behavior of
                // the previous builder).
                var polyOut = new List<uint>(p.VertexIds.Count);
                bool skipPoly = false;
                for (int i = 0; i < p.VertexIds.Count; i++)
                {
                    int posIdx = p.VertexIds[i];

                    // UV index selection: neg side uses NegUVIndices when
                    // present; otherwise fall back to PosUVIndices; otherwise
                    // zero. Matches WorldBuilder/ObjectMeshManager.cs:1521-1524.
                    int uvIdx = 0;
                    if (isNeg && p.NegUVIndices.Count > 0 && i < p.NegUVIndices.Count)
                        uvIdx = p.NegUVIndices[i];
                    else if (!isNeg && i < p.PosUVIndices.Count)
                        uvIdx = p.PosUVIndices[i];
                    else if (i < p.PosUVIndices.Count)
                        uvIdx = p.PosUVIndices[i];  // neg side with no NegUVIndices — borrow pos

                    if (!gfxObj.VertexArray.Vertices.TryGetValue((ushort)posIdx, out var sw))
                    {
                        skipPoly = true;
                        break;
                    }

                    var texcoord = uvIdx >= 0 && uvIdx < sw.UVs.Count
                        ? new Vector2(sw.UVs[uvIdx].U, sw.UVs[uvIdx].V)
                        : Vector2.Zero;

                    // Negate the vertex normal for the neg side so lighting
                    // stays correct if we ever enable face culling. With
                    // culling disabled the shader still samples this normal
                    // for the diffuse term so getting it right matters
                    // regardless of backface state.
                    var normal = System.Numerics.Vector3.Normalize(isNeg ? -sw.Normal : sw.Normal);

                    var key = (posIdx, uvIdx, isNeg);
                    if (!bucket.Dedupe.TryGetValue(key, out var outIdx))
                    {
                        outIdx = (uint)bucket.Vertices.Count;
                        bucket.Vertices.Add(new Vertex(sw.Origin, normal, texcoord, TerrainLayer: 0));
                        bucket.Dedupe[key] = outIdx;
                    }
                    polyOut.Add(outIdx);
                }

                if (skipPoly || polyOut.Count < 3)
                    return;

                // Fan triangulation. Pos side keeps the original
                // (0, i, i+1) winding the earlier builder used so existing
                // tests and render behavior are preserved. Neg side emits
                // the opposite winding so the two faces point away from
                // each other — matches WorldBuilder/ObjectMeshManager.cs:
                // 1564-1577 once you account for the reversed pos order.
                if (isNeg)
                {
                    for (int i = 1; i < polyOut.Count - 1; i++)
                    {
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i + 1]);
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i]);
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[0]);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    for (int i = 1; i < polyOut.Count - 1; i++)
                    {
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[0]);
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i]);
                        bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i + 1]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Emit one sub-mesh per (surface, side) bucket. The sub-mesh API
        // doesn't care whether a surface came from the pos or neg side —
        // both go through the same texture cache path.
        var result = new List<GfxObjSubMesh>(perBucket.Count);
        foreach (var kvp in perBucket)
        {
            var (surfaceIdx, _) = kvp.Key;
            var surfaceId = (uint)gfxObj.Surfaces[surfaceIdx];

            // Resolve Surface.Type flags when a DatCollection is available
            // so the renderer can split the draw into opaque and translucent
            // passes. Also capture Surface.Luminosity (self-illumination
            // coefficient — the FLOAT field, NOT the SurfaceType.Luminous
            // flag bit). This is the retail signal used to make the sky
            // dome / sun / moon texture-passthrough while clouds pick up
            // the time-of-day ambient tint (see
            // docs/research/2026-04-23-sky-retail-verbatim.md §6).
            var translucency = TranslucencyKind.Opaque;
            var luminosity = 0f;
            // SurfTranslucency = the OPACITY multiplier the shader applies
            // to fragment alpha. 1.0 = fully opaque (default, non-Translucent
            // surfaces). For Translucent-flag surfaces, retail's
            // D3DPolyRender::SetSurface at 0x59c7a6 (decomp lines 425255-
            // 425260) computes curr_alpha = _ftol2(translucency × 255) and
            // feeds that as vertex.color.alpha — so the dat's Translucency
            // float is the OPACITY directly (NOT inverted). For rain
            // (translucency=0.5) opacity is 0.5; for cloud surface
            // 0x08000023 (translucency=0.25) opacity is 0.25 — that's why
            // retail's clouds are dim and acdream's were 3× too bright
            // before this fix (we used 1-translucency, inverting the
            // semantic). ACViewer's TextureCache.cs:142 and WorldBuilder's
            // ObjectMeshManager.cs:1115 also use 1-translucency and are
            // both wrong by the same misread.
            var surfTranslucency = 1.0f;
            if (dats is not null)
            {
                var surface = dats.Get<Surface>(surfaceId);
                if (surface is not null)
                {
                    translucency = TranslucencyKindExtensions.FromSurfaceType(surface.Type);
                    luminosity = surface.Luminosity;
                    // Apply the dat's Translucency value as opacity ONLY
                    // when the Translucent flag (0x10) is set on the
                    // Surface. Without this gate, surfaces with
                    // Translucency=0 (non-Translucent default) would
                    // render fully transparent.
                    if (((uint)surface.Type & (uint)DatReaderWriter.Enums.SurfaceType.Translucent) != 0)
                        surfTranslucency = surface.Translucency;
                }
            }

            // Authored UV range determines the wrap-mode choice in the
            // sky pass. A mesh whose UVs are strictly in [0,1] (e.g. the
            // outer dome 0x010015EE) wants CLAMP_TO_EDGE to avoid
            // bilinear-filter bleed at the wall-seam edges; a mesh whose
            // UVs deliberately tile (e.g. 0x010015EF, ~0.4..4.6) wants
            // REPEAT so the texture tiles across the geometry. We make
            // the call data-driven here rather than guessing from
            // TexVelocity at draw time. See
            // docs/research/2026-04-26-sky-investigation-handoff.md (Bug B).
            bool needsUvRepeat = false;
            foreach (var v in kvp.Value.Vertices)
            {
                if (v.TexCoord.X < 0f || v.TexCoord.X > 1f
                    || v.TexCoord.Y < 0f || v.TexCoord.Y > 1f)
                { needsUvRepeat = true; break; }
            }

            result.Add(new GfxObjSubMesh(
                SurfaceId: surfaceId,
                Vertices: kvp.Value.Vertices.ToArray(),
                Indices: kvp.Value.Indices.ToArray())
            {
                Translucency = translucency,
                Luminosity = luminosity,
                NeedsUvRepeat = needsUvRepeat,
                SurfTranslucency = surfTranslucency,
            });
        }
        return result;
    }
}