using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using AcDream.Core.Rendering.Wb;
using BCnEncoder.Decoder;
using BCnEncoder.Shared;
using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
using DatReaderWriter.Enums;
using StbImageSharp;

namespace AcDream.Core.Textures;

public static class SurfaceDecoder
{
    private static readonly BcDecoder BcDecoder = new();

    /// <summary>
    /// Campaign LA gate round 2 (character-select screen): a real, DAT-resolved,
    /// non-zero-id RenderSurface can still hit the magenta fallback below (unsupported
    /// PixelFormat, a paletted format with no palette, or corrupt/undersized
    /// SourceData). That is a DIFFERENT trap than the zero-id footgun documented in
    /// <c>claude-memory/feedback_ui_resolve_zero_magenta.md</c> ("guard on the id, not
    /// the handle") — this one has a real id and a real handle, so that guard cannot
    /// catch it. Both traps produce the identical silent 1x1 magenta texture, so this
    /// one needs the same "loud, not silent" treatment: log once per surface id so an
    /// undecodable asset fails LOUD in diagnostics instead of shipping as a silent
    /// magenta wash (this is exactly how LA8's character-select background,
    /// RenderSurface 0x06007576/PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG, went unnoticed — nothing logged
    /// when its decode fell through to the unsupported-format arm).
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<uint, byte> LoggedMagentaIds = new();

    private static DecodedTexture LogMagentaOnce(RenderSurface rs, string reason)
    {
        if (LoggedMagentaIds.TryAdd(rs.Id, 0))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
                $"[UI] SurfaceDecoder: RenderSurface 0x{rs.Id:X8} decoded to the 1x1 "
                + $"magenta placeholder ({reason}; format={rs.Format} "
                + $"{rs.Width}x{rs.Height}).");
        }
        return DecodedTexture.Magenta;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode a RenderSurface's pixel bytes into RGBA8. Returns <see cref="DecodedTexture.Magenta"/>
    /// for unsupported formats, null data, or corrupt sizing. This overload does NOT
    /// support PFID_INDEX16 — use <see cref="DecodeRenderSurface(RenderSurface, Palette?)"/>
    /// when a palette is available.
    /// </summary>
    public static DecodedTexture DecodeRenderSurface(RenderSurface rs)
        => DecodeRenderSurface(rs, palette: null, isClipMap: false, isAdditive: false);

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode a RenderSurface's pixel bytes into RGBA8 with optional palette support.
    /// When <paramref name="palette"/> is non-null and the format is PFID_INDEX16, each
    /// 16-bit value in SourceData is treated as an index into <see cref="Palette.Colors"/>.
    /// When <paramref name="isClipMap"/> is true on an indexed surface, palette indices
    /// below 8 are forced to fully-transparent (AC's clipmap alpha-key convention).
    /// When <paramref name="isAdditive"/> is true, A8/CUSTOM_LSCAPE_ALPHA surfaces
    /// replicate the byte into all four channels (R=G=B=A=val, for terrain alpha masks
    /// and additive surfaces). When false, R=G=B=255, A=val (WB FillA8 semantics).
    /// </summary>
    public static DecodedTexture DecodeRenderSurface(RenderSurface rs, Palette? palette, bool isClipMap = false, bool isAdditive = false)
    {
        if (rs.SourceData is null)
            return LogMagentaOnce(rs, "null SourceData");

        // PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG carries a complete JFIF-encoded image verbatim in
        // SourceData. Retail's RenderSurface::CreateFromSourceData (named-retail
        // decomp @0x004440a0) hands this exact byte stream to the Intel JPEG Library
        // (`_ijlInit`/`_ijlRead`/`_ijlFree`) at RUNTIME, and the real pixel dimensions
        // come from the JPEG's own SOF header — NOT from this RenderSurface's
        // Width/Height fields, which are legitimately 0 on disk for this format
        // (confirmed against the installed DAT: 0x06007576, the LA8 character-select
        // screen's root background, carries Width=0/Height=0 with a 414,230-byte
        // FFD8...FFD9 JFIF stream that decodes to 800x600 — exactly the screen's
        // LayoutDesc-authored size). Handle it before the generic Width/Height guard
        // below, which does not apply to this format and previously made every
        // PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG surface fall straight to magenta.
        if (rs.Format == PixelFormat.PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG)
        {
            try
            {
                return DecodeCustomRawJpeg(rs);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return LogMagentaOnce(rs, $"JPEG decode failed: {ex.Message}");
            }
        }

        if (rs.Width <= 0 || rs.Height <= 0)
            return LogMagentaOnce(rs, "non-positive Width/Height");

        try
        {
            return rs.Format switch
            {
                PixelFormat.PFID_R8G8B8 => DecodeR8G8B8(rs),
                PixelFormat.PFID_A8R8G8B8 => DecodeA8R8G8B8(rs),
                PixelFormat.PFID_X8R8G8B8 => DecodeX8R8G8B8(rs),
                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT1 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc1, isClipMap),
                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT3 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc2, isClipMap),
                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT5 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc3, isClipMap),
                PixelFormat.PFID_A8 or PixelFormat.PFID_CUSTOM_LSCAPE_ALPHA => DecodeA8(rs, isAdditive),
                PixelFormat.PFID_P8 when palette is not null => DecodeP8(rs, palette, isClipMap),
                PixelFormat.PFID_P8 => LogMagentaOnce(rs, "PFID_P8 with no palette"),
                PixelFormat.PFID_INDEX16 when palette is not null => DecodeIndex16(rs, palette, isClipMap),
                PixelFormat.PFID_INDEX16 => LogMagentaOnce(rs, "PFID_INDEX16 with no palette"),
                PixelFormat.PFID_R5G6B5 => DecodeR5G6B5(rs),
                PixelFormat.PFID_A4R4G4B4 => DecodeA4R4G4B4(rs),
                _ => LogMagentaOnce(rs, $"unsupported PixelFormat {rs.Format}"),
            };
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return LogMagentaOnce(rs, $"decode threw: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG: see the doc comment on the
    /// <see cref="PixelFormat.PFID_CUSTOM_RAW_JPEG"/> branch in
    /// <see cref="DecodeRenderSurface(RenderSurface, Palette?, bool, bool)"/> for the
    /// retail mechanism this replaces. JPEG is a standardized (ITU T.81) format, so any
    /// conforming decoder reproduces the same pixels the Intel JPEG Library would.
    /// StbImageSharp (dual Unlicense/MIT, pure managed, no native dependency) is
    /// acdream's decoder so the same code path works on the Linux headless/graphical
    /// targets Slice K/L commit to. Throws on any failure; the caller converts that
    /// into the logged magenta placeholder — this method never returns Magenta itself.
    /// </summary>
    private static DecodedTexture DecodeCustomRawJpeg(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        ImageResult image = ImageResult.FromMemory(rs.SourceData!, ColorComponents.RedGreenBlueAlpha);
        if (image.Width <= 0 || image.Height <= 0)
            throw new InvalidDataException(
                $"JPEG surface 0x{rs.Id:X8} decoded to {image.Width}x{image.Height}.");
        return new DecodedTexture(image.Data, image.Width, image.Height);
    }

    private static DecodedTexture DecodeIndex16(RenderSurface rs, Palette palette, bool isClipMap)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height * 2;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes || palette.Colors.Count == 0)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        TextureHelpers.FillIndex16(rs.SourceData, palette, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height, isClipMap);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Build a 1x1 RGBA8 texture from a single <see cref="ColorARGB"/> modulated
    /// by a surface translucency value. Used for <c>Surface.Type.HasFlag(Base1Solid)</c>
    /// surfaces that carry a color value instead of a texture chain.
    ///
    /// AC's convention: <paramref name="translucency"/> 0.0 is fully opaque, 1.0 is
    /// fully transparent. A surface with Translucency=1.0 should render invisibly,
    /// which the mesh shader's alpha discard (alpha &lt; 0.5) will honor.
    /// </summary>
    public static DecodedTexture DecodeSolidColor(DatReaderWriter.Types.ColorARGB color, float translucency)
    {
        // Malformed Base1Solid (or OrigTextureId==0) surface with no color value:
        // signal undecodable (Magenta) instead of NRE. This method is called
        // directly from TextureCache.DecodeFromDats, OUTSIDE DecodeRenderSurface's
        // try/catch, so it must be null-safe itself.
        if (color is null) return DecodedTexture.Magenta;
        float opacity = Math.Clamp(1f - translucency, 0f, 1f);
        byte alpha = (byte)Math.Clamp(color.Alpha * opacity, 0f, 255f);
        return new DecodedTexture(
            Rgba8: [color.Red, color.Green, color.Blue, alpha],
            Width: 1,
            Height: 1);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Scale a decoded texture's alpha channel by a surface's authored translucency
    /// (AC's convention: 0.0 fully opaque, 1.0 fully transparent). This is the same
    /// bake the shared-atlas extraction applies (<c>MeshExtractor</c>,
    /// <c>alphaScale = 1 - Surface.Translucency</c>); runtime composite decodes must
    /// apply it too or an override-carrying surface silently loses its authored
    /// translucency. Scales IN PLACE and returns the same instance — the caller must
    /// own the buffer (never pass a shared/cached texture such as
    /// <see cref="DecodedTexture.Magenta"/>).
    /// </summary>
    public static DecodedTexture ApplyAuthoredTranslucency(DecodedTexture texture, float translucency)
    {
        if (translucency <= 0f) return texture;
        float alphaScale = Math.Clamp(1f - translucency, 0f, 1f);
        byte[] rgba = texture.Rgba8;
        for (int i = 3; i < rgba.Length; i += 4)
            rgba[i] = (byte)(rgba[i] * alphaScale);
        return texture;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode single-byte-per-pixel alpha (PFID_A8 / PFID_CUSTOM_LSCAPE_ALPHA) into RGBA8.
    /// When <paramref name="isAdditive"/> is true: R=G=B=A=val (terrain alpha masks and
    /// additive entity textures — the shader reads .r for the blend weight). When false:
    /// R=G=B=255, A=val (WB FillA8 semantics for non-additive entity textures).
    /// </summary>
    private static DecodedTexture DecodeA8(RenderSurface rs, bool isAdditive)
    {
        int expected = rs.Width * rs.Height;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expected)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[expected * 4];
        if (isAdditive)
            TextureHelpers.FillA8Additive(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        else
            TextureHelpers.FillA8(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    private static DecodedTexture DecodeA8R8G8B8(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        int expected = rs.Width * rs.Height * 4;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expected)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[expected];
        TextureHelpers.FillA8R8G8B8(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode PFID_P8 (8-bit palette index, one byte per pixel) into RGBA8.
    /// This is the 8-bit sibling of PFID_INDEX16: each byte is a palette index.
    /// The <paramref name="isClipMap"/> convention (indices 0..7 → fully transparent)
    /// is identical to the INDEX16 path.
    /// </summary>
    private static DecodedTexture DecodeP8(RenderSurface rs, Palette palette, bool isClipMap)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes || palette.Colors.Count == 0)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        TextureHelpers.FillP8(rs.SourceData, palette, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height, isClipMap);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode PFID_R8G8B8 (24-bit, 3 bytes per pixel) into RGBA8 with alpha=255.
    /// AC stores R8G8B8 on disk in B,G,R byte order (confirmed by ACE's
    /// GetImageColorArray: <c>byte b = reader.ReadByte(); g = ...; r = ...;</c>).
    /// Output is R,G,B,255 in RGBA8 order for OpenGL PixelFormat.Rgba upload.
    /// </summary>
    private static DecodedTexture DecodeR8G8B8(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height * 3;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        TextureHelpers.FillR8G8B8(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Decode PFID_X8R8G8B8 (32-bit, 4 bytes per pixel) into RGBA8 with alpha=255.
    /// AC stores X8R8G8B8 on disk in B,G,R,X byte order (DirectX little-endian
    /// convention: low byte = B). The X (high) byte is unused padding and is
    /// discarded — it is NOT treated as alpha. Output is R,G,B,255 for OpenGL.
    /// </summary>
    private static DecodedTexture DecodeX8R8G8B8(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height * 4;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[expectedBytes];
        for (int i = 0; i < rs.Width * rs.Height; i++)
        {
            int s = i * 4;
            // On-disk byte order: B, G, R, X (little-endian 32-bit; high byte X is padding)
            rgba[s + 0] = rs.SourceData[s + 2];  // R
            rgba[s + 1] = rs.SourceData[s + 1];  // G
            rgba[s + 2] = rs.SourceData[s + 0];  // B
            rgba[s + 3] = 0xFF;                  // A = opaque (X byte discarded)
        }
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    private static DecodedTexture DecodeR5G6B5(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height * 2;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        TextureHelpers.FillR5G6B5(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    private static DecodedTexture DecodeA4R4G4B4(RenderSurface rs)
    {
        int expectedBytes = rs.Width * rs.Height * 2;
        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expectedBytes)
            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;

        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        TextureHelpers.FillA4R4G4B4(rs.SourceData, rgba.AsSpan(), rs.Width, rs.Height);
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }

    private static DecodedTexture DecodeBc(RenderSurface rs, CompressionFormat format, bool isClipMap)
    {
        var pixels = BcDecoder.DecodeRaw(rs.SourceData, rs.Width, rs.Height, format);
        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.Length; i++)
        {
            int s = i * 4;
            rgba[s + 0] = pixels[i].r;
            rgba[s + 1] = pixels[i].g;
            rgba[s + 2] = pixels[i].b;
            rgba[s + 3] = pixels[i].a;
            if (isClipMap && rgba[s + 0] == 0 && rgba[s + 1] == 0 && rgba[s + 2] == 0)
                rgba[s + 3] = 0;
        }
        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
    }
}