// PortalProjection.cs
//
// Phase A8.F: project a cell-local portal polygon to NDC screen space, clipping against the
// IN-FRONT-OF-EYE half-space (keep where w > MinW) so a portal straddling the camera does not
// invert under the perspective divide, and the divide stays bounded away from the w=0 eye
// singularity.
//
// The clip is NEAR-INDEPENDENT on purpose. We only use the projected x/y for the visibility clip
// REGION, so a vertex in front of the eye is meaningful even if it is closer than the projection's
// near plane. acdream's cameras build projection with Matrix4x4.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView (D3D
// convention, NDC z in [0,1]) and a 1.0 m near plane (RetailChaseCamera). The previous w+z>=0
// predicate was the GL ([-1,1]) near-plane test; against the D3D matrix it discarded everything
// within ~0.5 m of the eye, so a doorway the chase camera was ~0.1 m from got clipped to empty ->
// the cell behind it was culled -> the cottage doorway "void" (2026-06-03). Clipping at the eye
// (w > MinW) keeps a portal you're standing in (it covers the screen) so the cell behind stays
// visible. Retail PView::GetClip / ConstructView(CBldPortal) (decomp:432344 / 433832) near-clip the
// portal poly likewise before projecting.
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Numerics;

namespace AcDream.App.Rendering;

public static class PortalProjection
{
    /// <summary>Project a cell-local polygon to NDC, preserving the projected winding of
    /// the input (NOT normalized to CCW). The caller (PortalVisibilityBuilder) is responsible
    /// for feeding camera-facing portal polygons (via the portal-side test) so the result is
    /// CCW for the CCW-only <see cref="ScreenPolygonClip"/>. Returns fewer than 3 verts when
    /// the polygon is entirely behind the camera / degenerate.</summary>
    public static Vector2[] ProjectToNdc(IReadOnlyList<Vector3> localPoly, Matrix4x4 cellToWorld, Matrix4x4 viewProj)
    {
        if (localPoly == null || localPoly.Count < 3) return System.Array.Empty<Vector2>();

        Matrix4x4 m = cellToWorld * viewProj;

        // To clip space (keep w).
        var clip = new List<Vector4>(localPoly.Count);
        foreach (var lp in localPoly)
            clip.Add(Vector4.Transform(new Vector4(lp, 1f), m));

        // Clip against the in-front-of-eye half-space (keep where w > MinW). Near-independent:
        // see the file header — clipping at the projection's near plane culls portals the camera
        // is standing in (the doorway "void").
        clip = ClipBehindEye(clip);
        if (clip.Count < 3) return System.Array.Empty<Vector2>();

        // Perspective divide → NDC xy.
        var ndc = new Vector2[clip.Count];
        for (int i = 0; i < clip.Count; i++)
        {
            float w = clip[i].W;
            ndc[i] = new Vector2(clip[i].X / w, clip[i].Y / w);
        }
        return ndc;
    }

    // Minimum clip-space w (≈ metres in front of the eye) to keep a vertex. Excludes the eye
    // (w=0) singularity and the ~5 cm right at it (bounding the perspective divide), but is
    // INTENTIONALLY far closer than the projection's 1.0 m near plane so a doorway the camera is
    // standing in still projects and the cell behind it stays visible. See the file header.
    private const float MinW = 0.05f;

    // Sutherland-Hodgman against the in-front-of-eye half-space: keep where w > MinW.
    private static List<Vector4> ClipBehindEye(List<Vector4> poly)
    {
        var result = new List<Vector4>(poly.Count + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < poly.Count; i++)
        {
            Vector4 cur = poly[i];
            Vector4 prev = poly[(i + poly.Count - 1) % poly.Count];
            float dCur = cur.W - MinW;
            float dPrev = prev.W - MinW;
            bool curIn = dCur >= 0f;
            bool prevIn = dPrev >= 0f;

            if (curIn)
            {
                if (!prevIn) result.Add(Lerp(prev, cur, dPrev, dCur));
                result.Add(cur);
            }
            else if (prevIn)
            {
                result.Add(Lerp(prev, cur, dPrev, dCur));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static Vector4 Lerp(Vector4 p, Vector4 q, float dp, float dq)
    {
        float t = dp / (dp - dq);
        return p + t * (q - p);
    }
}