using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Numerics;
using AcDream.App.UI;

namespace AcDream.App.UI.Layout;

/// <summary>
/// Controller for the Character window's <b>Attributes tab</b> — LayoutDesc 0x2100002E,
/// whose tab-content slot 0x1000022B mounts sub-layout 0x2100002C (gmAttributeUI, root
/// type 0x1000002A) which in turn chains into the gmStatManagementUI header content.
///
/// <para>Unlike <see cref="CharacterController"/> (which targets the SEPARATE text-report
/// sub-panel 0x2100001A, gmCharacterInfoUI, by creating its runtime m_pMainText element),
/// this controller binds the <b>real, statically-mounted</b> header + list elements that the
/// importer already produces — every id below is confirmed present via
/// <see cref="ImportedLayout.FindElement"/>.</para>
///
/// <para>Ported from <c>gmStatManagementUI::UpdateCharacterInfo</c> (0x004f0770) +
/// <c>UpdateExperience</c> (0x004f0a70) + <c>UpdatePKStatus</c> (0x004f00a0): name, heritage,
/// PK status, level, total XP and the XP-to-level meter. The attribute list is the
/// <c>gmAttributeUI</c> list box (0x1000023D), built as 9 manual-layout rows per
/// <c>gmAttributeUI::PostInit</c> (0x0049db70) + <c>AttributeInfoRegion</c> / <c>Attribute2ndInfoRegion</c>
/// (0x004f1910 / 0x004f19e0). Row icons loaded via sub-element 0x10000129 in the retail
/// dat template (each icon is a <c>0x06xxxxxx</c> RenderSurface DataID from SubMap
/// 0x25000006 / 0x25000007, spec §2).</para>
///
/// <para>Footer State A (nothing selected) bound from
/// <c>DisplayDefaultFooter</c> (0x0049cde0): title empty, line-1 value =
/// "Select an Attribute to Improve", line-2 value = available skill credits (InqInt(0x18)).</para>
///
/// <para>Footer State B (row selected) bound from
/// <c>DisplaySelectedAttribute</c> (implicitly): title = "{AttrName}: {value}",
/// line-1 label = "Experience To Raise:", line-1 value = raise cost,
/// line-2 label = "Unassigned Experience:", line-2 value = UnassignedXp.</para>
///
/// <para>Tab states: whichever of Attributes/Skills/Titles is active shows "Open"
/// (0x0C); the other two show "Closed" (0x0B) — Attributes is the retail-authored
/// default. Source: <c>UIElement::SetState @ 0x00464E70</c>. The imported Type-12
/// tab owns its authored font color and propagates the state to its three chrome
/// children through PassToChildren. Campaign CT slice CT3 (2026-08-24) wires the
/// Titles tab click to a real page switch (previously a known-inert AP-109 gap);
/// <see cref="CharacterTitlesController"/> owns the Titles page's OWN content
/// (row list, display-title text, Set-as-Display button) once its page container
/// is shown.</para>
///
/// <para>Raise buttons: 0x10000246 (×1) + 0x100005EB (×10). State "Normal" = affordable
/// (UIStateId.Normal, 0x01), state "Ghosted" = unaffordable or no selection
/// (UIStateId.Ghosted, 0x0D). Source: gmAttributeUI::AttributeInfoRegion::Update (0x004f1910).</para>
/// </summary>
public static class CharacterStatController
{
    // ── gmStatManagementUI header element ids (sub-layout 0x2100002C content) ──
    public const uint NameId         = 0x10000231u;   // m_pNameText
    public const uint HeritageId     = 0x10000232u;   // m_pHeritageText
    public const uint PkStatusId     = 0x10000233u;   // m_pPKStatusText
    public const uint LevelCaptionId = 0x1000023Au;   // "Character Level" caption ABOVE level value
    public const uint LevelId        = 0x1000023Bu;   // m_pLevelText  (right-side level area)
    public const uint TotalXpLabelId = 0x10000234u;   // "Total Experience (XP):" caption left of value
    public const uint TotalXpId      = 0x10000235u;   // m_pTotalXPText
    public const uint XpMeterId      = 0x10000236u;   // m_pXPToLevelMeter (UiMeter)
    // Fix 5: 0x10000237 (XP-to-level label) and 0x10000238 (XP-to-level value) are now
    // built by the LayoutImporter as UiText children of the XP meter (non-Type-3 children
    // are explicitly built and registered in byId). FindElement DOES return them now.
    // The controller binds their LinesProvider instead of injecting new runtime nodes.
    public const uint XpNextLabelId  = 0x10000237u;   // "XP for next level:" label child of XP meter
    public const uint XpNextValueId  = 0x10000238u;   // XP-to-next-level value child of XP meter
    public const uint ListBoxId       = 0x1000023Du;   // m_pListBox container
    public const uint ListScrollbarId = 0x1000023Eu;   // m_pListBox vertical scrollbar gutter
    public const uint ListDividerId   = 0x1000023Fu;   // bottom divider above footer

    /// <summary>Campaign CT slice CT4: the luminance pair
    /// (m_pLuminanceLabelText/m_pLuminanceText), shown only past level 200
    /// with nonzero MaximumLuminance — see
    /// <c>gmStatManagementUI::UpdateExperience</c> (0x004f0a70)'s luminance
    /// branch. CT4 fix round (2026-08-25, BLOCKER 1): the caption/value
    /// SetText calls PE-byte-decoded from the <c>gmStatManagementUI</c>
    /// vftable-adjacent data region — caption UTF-16 <c>"Luminance:"</c> at
    /// <c>@0x007c3dd4</c>, value narrow <c>"%s / %s"</c> at
    /// <c>@0x007c3dcc</c> — are now bound; see the Bind method's own
    /// remarks.</summary>
    public const uint LuminanceLabelId = 0x100005C5u;
    public const uint LuminanceValueId = 0x100005C6u;

    /// <summary>Retail literal <c>"Luminance:"</c> — see
    /// <see cref="LuminanceLabelId"/>'s remarks for the PE-byte-decode
    /// citation.</summary>
    private const string LuminanceCaption = "Luminance:";

    // ── Footer STATE-A container id ──────────────────────────────────────────
    // 0x10000240 is the "nothing selected" footer group. Its children (0x1000024E label row,
    // 0x10000242–0x10000245 labels+values) are the correct State-A versions with wider
    // label widths (195px vs 145px in State B).  _byId stores the LAST duplicate, which
    // is the narrower State-B/C copy — so we walk the tree to 0x10000240 and bind from there.
    public const uint FooterStateAId  = 0x10000240u;  // State-A footer container (nothing selected)
    public const uint FooterStateBId  = 0x10000241u;  // State-B footer container (row selected)
    public const uint FooterStateCId  = 0x10000247u;  // State-C footer container (hide inactive)

    // ── Tab bar element ids (LayoutDesc 0x2100002E root) ────────────────────
    // These are imported Type-12 UIElement_Text tabs. Their Closed/Open states carry
    // the caption color and PassToChildren=true; their three retained children carry
    // the authored left/center/right chrome. Character and Spellbook therefore share
    // RetailTabBinding and the generic IUiDatStateful path rather than synthesizing art.
    public const uint TabAttribId = 0x10000228u;  // Attributes tab group
    public const uint TabSkillsId = 0x10000229u;  // Skills tab group
    public const uint TabTitlesId = 0x10000538u;  // Titles tab group

    // Tab page content containers. The imported layout contains duplicated child ids
    // inside these pages, so page selection must use the page ids themselves rather
    // than layout.FindElement(childId)'s last-registered duplicate.
    public const uint AttributesPageId = 0x1000022Bu;
    public const uint SkillsPageId     = 0x1000022Cu;
    public const uint TitlesPageId     = 0x10000539u;

    // ── Footer element ids (gmStatManagementUI struct fields) ────────────────
    // Source: acclient.h / DisplayDefaultFooter (0x0049cde0)
    public const uint FooterTitleId    = 0x1000024eu;  // GetFooterTitleLabel
    public const uint FooterLine1Label = 0x10000242u;  // GetFooterLineOneLabel
    public const uint FooterLine1Value = 0x10000243u;  // GetFooterLineOneValue
    public const uint FooterLine2Label = 0x10000244u;  // GetFooterLineTwoLabel
    public const uint FooterLine2Value = 0x10000245u;  // GetFooterLineTwoValue

    // ── Raise button element ids ──────────────────────────────────────────────
    // Source: gmAttributeUI::PostInit (0x0049db70); CM_Train::Event_TrainAttribute.
    // Button state "Normal" (UIStateId 0x01) = affordable (green/active);
    // "Ghosted" (UIStateId 0x0D) = disabled.  Hidden when nothing is selected.
    public const uint RaiseOneId = 0x10000246u;   // raise × 1
    public const uint RaiseTenId = 0x100005EBu;   // raise × 10

    private static readonly Vector4 Body = new(0.92f, 0.90f, 0.82f, 1f);   // parchment-white body text
    // Campaign CT slice CT4 (2026-08-24): the former hand-picked "Gold"
    // header-level color constant is deleted — CT1's live-DAT pin confirmed
    // the level element authors its own pale-gold FontColor (+ Outline);
    // LabelAuthoredColor reads it from the widget instead.

    /// <summary>Row highlight FALLBACK color — used only when
    /// <c>spriteResolve</c> is unavailable (tests, headless mode) and the
    /// real <see cref="RowHighlightSprite"/> art cannot be drawn. CT5 fix
    /// round: the former comment here claimed this tint "matches retail
    /// sprite 0x06001397 visual intent" — that was never accurate (0x06001397
    /// is the spellbook's unrelated overlay sprite, and this solid tint was
    /// never tuned to any specific sprite's actual pixels either way); it is
    /// a synthetic no-art placeholder, not a retail-faithful color.</summary>
    private static readonly Vector4 HighlightBg = new(1f, 0.75f, 0.2f, 0.25f);
    // LayoutDesc 0x2100002E, FooterTitle 0x1000024E property 0x1B:
    // [0]=white, [1]=green, [2]=red, [3]=light blue (#7FFFFF).
    private static readonly Vector4 RetailBuffGreen = new(0f, 1f, 0f, 1f);
    private static readonly Vector4 RetailDebuffRed = new(1f, 0f, 0f, 1f);
    private static readonly Vector4 RetailVitaeBlue = new(127f / 255f, 1f, 1f, 1f);

    // ── Row layout constants ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // Campaign CT slice CT5 (2026-08-25): the shared attribute/skill data-row
    // template 0x10000248 (LayoutDesc 0x21000045 — InfoRegion::InfoRegion
    // @0x004F1450 template index 0, used for BOTH gmAttributeUI and
    // gmSkillUI rows) authors W=282 H=20 with icon 0x10000129 FLUSH LEFT
    // (X=0 Y=0 W=20 H=20, full row height), name 0x1000012A at FIXED X=25
    // W=150, and value 0x1000012B at FIXED X=175 W=100 right-justified —
    // its right edge (275) sits 7px short of the row's own 282px right
    // edge, the authored gutter the owner reported (item 2). These are
    // AUTHORED PIXEL VALUES, not width-relative fractions or derived
    // offsets — the former RowHeight=22/IconSize=16px-at-X=4/
    // nameW=width*0.60 geometry had no dat basis at all. Ground truth +
    // the explicit warning against composing a derived "gutter" formula:
    // docs/research/2026-08-24-campaign-ct-dat-ground-truth.md §2, pinned
    // by CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.AttributeRowTemplate_IconIsFlushLeftTwentyPixels_NameAndValueAreFixedColumns.
    private const float RowHeight   = 20f;
    private const float RowIconX    = 0f;
    private const float RowIconSize = 20f;
    private const float RowNameX    = 25f;
    private const float RowNameW    = 150f;
    private const float RowValueX   = 175f;
    private const float RowValueW   = 100f;

    // Section-header caption inset ONLY (AddSkillHeader's 0x10000249..0x1000024C
    // captions carry their own authored geometry, distinct from the data-row
    // template above) — retained at its pre-CT5 value. CT5 fix round
    // (NOTE c): CT1 verified only the FOUR SPRITES for these header templates
    // (SkillSectionHeaderTemplates_MatchExistingSpriteConstants: Width=280,
    // Height=20, sprite match) — the caption LABEL's own authored geometry
    // (W=280 with L5/R5 margins per the header template, versus our current
    // header width, which comes from RowContentWidth/SkillViewportWidth same
    // as the data rows, plus this flat 4px inset) was never pinned or
    // cross-checked against that. This is a KNOWN, RECORDED residual gap —
    // NOT a cleared divergence — left for a future slice to pin the caption
    // child's authored margins the same way CT1 pinned the data-row
    // template's icon/name/value columns; behavior is unchanged here.
    private const float RowPadX    = 4f;

    private const float SkillHeaderHeight = 20f;
    // Authored row-template CEILING width (0x10000248 W=282) — CT5: the
    // row's own width comes from THIS authored constant as an upper bound,
    // never the ListBox's raw 300px Width, and never a derived
    // "listWidth minus gutter" formula (the ground-truth doc's explicit
    // warning). CT5 fix round (NOTE b, tempered wording): this ceiling is
    // NOT the row's width in every context. Attribute/vital rows land on it
    // exactly (300px ListBox clamped to 282). The SKILL page instead first
    // narrows the viewport to SkillViewportWidth's scrollbar-gutter
    // measurement (scrollbar.Left − list.Left = 281px in the real
    // production layout — CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.
    // StatListBox_AuthorsFiveRowTemplatesInSharedLayout pins the scrollbar
    // at X=281), and RowContentWidth then clamps skill rows to THAT
    // (281 < 282) rather than the raw 282 ceiling — see
    // Bind_SkillRow_ClampsToAuthoredScrollbarGutterWidth.
    private const float SkillContentWidth = 282f;

    private const uint SkillHeaderSpecializedSprite = 0x06000F90u;
    private const uint SkillHeaderTrainedSprite     = 0x06000F86u;
    private const uint SkillHeaderUntrainedSprite   = 0x06000F98u;
    private const uint SkillHeaderUnusableSprite    = 0x06000F89u;

    // CT5 SEALED VERDICT (ground-truth doc §2 "SEALED VERDICT: RowHighlightSprite
    // is wrong, not merely flagged"): gmAttributeUI::UpdateSelection
    // @0x0049DEE0 calls SetState(selected ? 6 : 1) on the row; InfoRegion::
    // SetState @0x004F0EE0 forwards that to the row instantiated from THIS
    // exact template (0x10000248), whose Highlight-state media is
    // 0x06000F93 — a full-row background SWAP, not an overlay. The former
    // 0x06001397 constant belongs to a DIFFERENT mechanism entirely: the
    // spellbook row's separate selected-overlay CHILD element
    // (UIElement_UIItem::SetSelectedState @0x004E1240, SpellbookRowStyle.cs)
    // — that file and its tests are correct and must NOT be touched.
    private const uint RowHighlightSprite = 0x06000F93u;

    // CT5 fix round (SHOULD-FIX 1, visible retail gap): the row template's
    // NORMAL-state media — StateMedia[Normal] on 0x10000248, pinned byte-
    // exact by CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.
    // AttributeRowTemplate_IconIsFlushLeftTwentyPixels_NameAndValueAreFixedColumns
    // (row.StateMedia["Normal"].File == 0x06004CC2). CT5 itself only wired
    // the Highlight-state swap above; UNSELECTED rows drew fully
    // transparent instead of this authored background. Independently
    // decoded against the installed DAT (2026-08-25): PFID_A8R8G8B8, 48x48,
    // a single uniform color (0,0,0,175) — i.e. a ~69%-opaque (175/255)
    // flat black tile that retail's native-size copy-or-tile blit repeats
    // across the row (see UiPanel.BackgroundSprite's doc comment for the
    // tiling mechanism) to produce the dark band under every unselected
    // attribute/skill row. Selected rows keep RowHighlightSprite above.
    private const uint RowNormalSprite = 0x06004CC2u;

    // CT5 (AP-235 unification, gmAttributeUI::PostInit @0x0049DB70 verbatim):
    // per-attribute icon DIDs resolve via DBObj::GetDIDByEnum(statEnum,
    // category 0x10000002); per-vital (Attribute2ndInfoRegion) icon DIDs via
    // DBObj::GetDIDByEnum(vitalEnum, category 0x10000003). Both categories
    // are consumed through the shared RetailDataIdResolver.Resolve seam
    // (the same master-map -> category-map -> value indirection already
    // ported for the title chain and RetailKeyNames) rather than a fourth
    // ad-hoc hardcoded DID table. Live-DAT-verified (2026-08-25): every
    // hardcoded fallback value in AttrRows/VitalRows below already matches
    // the resolved DID byte-exact — see
    // CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.AttributeAndVitalIconDids_MatchTheRetailEnumMapperChain.
    private const uint AttributeIconCategory = 0x10000002u;
    private const uint VitalIconCategory     = 0x10000003u;

    // Scrollbar chrome from base layout 0x2100003E, shared with chat/
    // inventory — sprite set + retail button seating live in
    // RetailScrollbarChrome (2026-08-24: the previous local constants seated
    // the DOWN-arrow art on the top button).

    private enum CharacterStatTab
    {
        Attributes,
        Skills,
        Titles,
    }

    public enum RaiseTargetKind
    {
        Attribute,
        Vital,
        Skill,
        TrainSkill,
    }

    public readonly record struct RaiseRequest(
        RaiseTargetKind Kind,
        uint StatId,
        long Cost,
        int Amount);

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles a retail stat raise and invokes <paramref name="completed"/> when
    /// the request has either been applied or cancelled. The completion seam is
    /// required by asynchronous retail confirmation dialogs such as
    /// <c>gmSkillUI::TrainSkill @ 0x0049C5F0</c>.
    /// </summary>
    public delegate void RaiseRequestHandler(RaiseRequest request, Action completed);

    private sealed record SkillRowBinding(UiClickablePanel Panel, CharacterSkill Skill);

    // ── Attribute row descriptors — retail display order per spec §1 ─────────
    // CT5 fix round (NOTE d): internal (not private) so
    // CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.AttributeAndVitalIconDids_MatchTheRetailEnumMapperChain
    // can iterate THESE tuples directly instead of a re-typed duplicate
    // literal array — a divergence between the two would previously have
    // gone undetected. InternalsVisibleTo("AcDream.App.Tests") already
    // covers this assembly (AcDream.App.csproj).
    internal static readonly (string name, uint iconDid, uint statId)[] AttrRows = new[]
    {
        ("Strength",     0x060002C8u, 1u),
        ("Endurance",    0x060002C4u, 2u),
        ("Coordination", 0x060002C9u, 4u),
        ("Quickness",    0x060002C6u, 3u),
        ("Focus",        0x060002C5u, 5u),
        ("Self",         0x060002C7u, 6u),
    };

    // CT5 fix round (NOTE d): internal for the same reason as AttrRows above.
    internal static readonly (string name, uint iconDid, uint maxStatId)[] VitalRows = new[]
    {
        ("Health",  0x06004C3Bu, 1u),   // max enum 1; current enum 2
        ("Stamina", 0x06004C3Cu, 3u),   // max enum 3; current enum 4
        ("Mana",    0x06004C3Du, 5u),   // max enum 5; current enum 6
    };

    /// <summary>
    /// TS-85 (character-panel tooltips): retail <c>SkillSystem::InqAttributeDescription
    /// @ 0x005c8e30</c> — six hardcoded strings, byte-decoded from the retail binary's
    /// string pool (the pseudo-C dump truncates them with "…"). Ported from
    /// <c>AttributeInfoRegion::AttributeInfoRegion @ 0x004f1530</c>'s
    /// <c>UIElement::SetTooltip</c> call at 0x004f1617, keyed by retail attribute id
    /// (matches <see cref="AttrRows"/>' statId column, NOT the array index — the
    /// authored row order swaps Coordination/Quickness relative to the id numbering).
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, string> AttributeDescriptions =
        new Dictionary<uint, string>
        {
            [1u] = "Measures your character's muscular power.",       // Strength
            [2u] = "Measures how healthy your character is.",         // Endurance
            [3u] = "Measures how fast your character is.",            // Quickness
            [4u] = "Measures your character's reflexes",              // Coordination (no trailing period — verified byte-exact)
            [5u] = "Measures your character's mind and senses.",      // Focus
            [6u] = "Measures your character's willpower.",            // Self
        };

    /// <summary>
    /// TS-85 (character-panel tooltips): retail <c>SkillSystem::InqAttribute2ndDescription
    /// @ 0x005c8f70</c> — three hardcoded strings shared by each Max/Current pair (1&amp;2,
    /// 3&amp;4, 5&amp;6), byte-decoded from the retail string pool. Ported from
    /// <c>Attribute2ndInfoRegion::Attribute2ndInfoRegion @ 0x004f1680</c>'s
    /// <c>UIElement::SetTooltip</c> call at 0x004f1777, keyed by <see cref="VitalRows"/>'
    /// maxStatId column (1/3/5 — either member of the pair resolves the same text in
    /// retail).
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, string> Attribute2ndDescriptions =
        new Dictionary<uint, string>
        {
            [1u] = "(Endurance/2)\nIf you run out of health, you will die!",   // Health
            [3u] = "(Endurance)\nAffects your actions and movement.",          // Stamina
            [5u] = "(Self)\nAffects how much magic you can cast.",             // Mana
        };

    /// <summary>
    /// Bind the Attributes-tab header + 9-row list + footer elements, tab button states,
    /// and raise buttons in <paramref name="layout"/> to <paramref name="data"/>.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// <b>Interactive mode (Pass 2):</b> each attribute/vital row is a
    /// <see cref="UiClickablePanel"/> that fires selection logic on left-click. The
    /// selected row index is held in a mutable <c>int[]</c> box (single element) so that
    /// all closures share the same mutable slot without escaping the static method boundary.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// <paramref name="spriteResolve"/> resolves a <c>0x06xxxxxx</c> RenderSurface dat id to
    /// a (GL tex handle, pixel width, pixel height) triple. Pass <c>null</c> in tests where
    /// icon rendering is not asserted.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// CT5: <paramref name="iconDidResolve"/> ports <c>DBObj::GetDIDByEnum(enumValue,
    /// category)</c> (master map -> category map -> value) for the per-attribute/
    /// per-vital row icon DIDs — pass <c>(enumValue, category) =>
    /// RetailDataIdResolver.Resolve(dats, enumValue, category)</c> under the
    /// caller's dat lock. <c>null</c> (tests, or no live dat) falls back to
    /// <see cref="AttrRows"/>/<see cref="VitalRows"/>' hardcoded DID column,
    /// which the CT5 InstalledDat pin proves already matches the live-resolved
    /// value byte-exact.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>
    /// #431-CA5 gate fix (2026-08-24): the data-changed refresh. Retail's
    /// panel refreshes rows from qualities on every authoritative
    /// quality-change element message (InfoRegion::OnQualityChanged @
    /// 0x004F0EB0 → the 0x10000004 broadcast); before this, rows only
    /// rebuilt on CLICKS, so a trained skill stayed in the untrained
    /// section (and CA4's awaiting-ghost never visually released) until the
    /// next click. The caller invokes this from the sheet-changed
    /// subscription.
    /// </returns>
    public static Action Bind(
        ImportedLayout layout,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        UiDatFont? datFont = null,
        UiDatFont? rowDatFont = null,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve = null,
        RaiseRequestHandler? onRaiseRequest = null,
        Action? onClose = null,
        Func<uint, uint, uint>? iconDidResolve = null)
    {
        // rowDatFont: larger font for attribute row name/value text (18px vs 16px default).
        // Falls back to datFont when null (tests, or dat missing).
        rowDatFont ??= datFont;
        WindowChromeController.BindCloseButton(layout, onClose);

        var activeTab = new[] { CharacterStatTab.Attributes };
        var attrSel   = new[] { -1 };
        var skillSel  = new[] { -1 };
        var activeListEntries = new List<UiElement>();
        var currentAttributeRows = new List<UiClickablePanel>();
        var currentSkillRows = new List<SkillRowBinding>();
        UiElement? attributesTab = layout.FindElement(TabAttribId);
        UiElement? skillsTab = layout.FindElement(TabSkillsId);
        UiElement? titlesTab = layout.FindElement(TabTitlesId);
        UiElement? contentPage = FindDirectChildById(layout.Root, AttributesPageId);
        // CT3: unlike Attributes/Skills (which share ONE mounted page and just
        // rebind its content — see the Attributes/Skills tab-switch note above),
        // the Titles page (0x10000539) is its OWN separate, non-duplicated subtree
        // (CT1 ground truth §3) that must be actually shown/hidden.
        UiElement? titlesPage = FindDirectChildById(layout.Root, TitlesPageId);

        // Name (18px from dat FontDid), Heritage (14px), PkStatus (14px):
        // Fix C: pass null → Label's null-guard keeps the build-time dat font.
        // Campaign CT slice CT4 (2026-08-24): CT1's live-DAT pin
        // (HeaderElements_AuthorExpectedFontsAndColors) confirmed all FOUR
        // header identity elements — Name, Heritage, PkStatus, Level — carry
        // their own authored FontColor (white/white/white/pale-gold with
        // Outline). The "runtime color, dat carries none" reasoning this
        // block used to justify a hand-picked Body/Gold constant per element
        // was FALSIFIED by that pin: every element below now sources its
        // color from the widget's own DAT-set DefaultColor
        // (LabelAuthoredColor), matching the "authored color/font wins"
        // pattern CT3's CharacterTitlesController already established for
        // its row/display text. Level's Outline is likewise already applied
        // at import time (DatWidgetFactory.BuildText reads dat property
        // 0x21) — no controller-side Outline flag needed.
        LabelAuthoredColor(layout, contentPage, NameId,     null, () => data().Name);
        LabelAuthoredColor(layout, contentPage, HeritageId, null, () => CharacterIdentityText.StatHeaderLine(data()));
        LabelAuthoredColor(layout, contentPage, PkStatusId, null, () => data().PkStatus ?? string.Empty);

        // ── Header captions (new — retail labels above/left of each number) ──────
        // LevelCaption (0x1000023A, 16px from dat): pass null → keep build-time dat font.
        LabelTwoLine(layout, contentPage, LevelCaptionId, null, Body, "Character", "Level");

        // Level number: retail renders this as large gold centered text in the 65×50 element.
        // Fix C: the dat FontDid for the level element (0x1000023B) is now applied at build
        // time when the font resolver is provided (studio path). We no longer force rowDatFont
        // here for the level — the dat's own FontDid drives the font.
        // Source: spec §Level area (65,50) + decomp gmStatManagementUI::UpdateCharacterInfo
        // 0x004f0770. CT4 contract (PE-recovered 2026-08-24): InqInt(0x19) present formats
        // with "%d" semantics (a bare integer, data_7a0184); absent shows the literal "???"
        // (data_7b0f34) — CharacterSheet.Level is null in that case.
        LabelAuthoredColor(layout, contentPage, LevelId, null,
            () => data().Level is int lvl ? lvl.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) : "???");

        // TotalXpLabel (16px from dat) + TotalXp (16px from dat): pass null → keep dat font.
        LabelLeft(layout, contentPage, TotalXpLabelId, null, Body, static () => "Total Experience (XP):");
        LabelRight(layout, contentPage, TotalXpId, null, Body, () => FormatXp(data().TotalXp));

        // XP-to-level meter fill (gmStatManagementUI::UpdateExperience 0x004f0a70).
        // Fix 5: child elements 0x10000237 (label) and 0x10000238 (value) are now built by
        // the LayoutImporter as UiText children of the XP meter (non-Type-3 meter children
        // are explicitly built and registered in byId — see LayoutImporter.BuildWidget).
        // FindElement now returns them; the controller binds their LinesProvider.
        // The importer builds them as UiText via DatWidgetFactory.BuildText, applying their
        // dat-origin HJustify/VJustify/FontDid/FontColor at build time. The controller then
        // overrides Padding=0 (to avoid scroll clip in the ~13px-tall bar), ClickThrough=true,
        // and provides the LinesProvider for runtime content.
        if (FindElementByDatId(layout, contentPage, XpMeterId) is UiMeter meter)
        {
            meter.Fill = () => data().XpFraction;

            // Bind the dat-origin XP label (0x10000237) and value (0x10000238).
            // These are now real UiText children of the meter (built by the importer).
            // The retail layout places the caption + value ON TOP of the red bar
            // (ref 2026-06-26: "value … with the red fill bar behind it").
            // Source: retail spec (2026-06-26-character-window-retail-reference.md §State 1).
            if (FindTextByDatId(layout, contentPage, XpNextLabelId) is UiText xpLabel)
            {
                if (datFont is not null) xpLabel.DatFont = datFont;
                xpLabel.ClickThrough = true;
                xpLabel.Centered     = false;    // left-align (retail: aligns with Total XP label above)
                xpLabel.RightAligned = false;
                xpLabel.Padding      = 0f;   // avoid scroll clip — meter bar is ~13px tall

                // Item 1: align the XP-next label's left edge to match the TotalXpLabel's
                // absolute left edge. The XP-next label is a child of the meter (local coords),
                // so its Left = TotalXpLabel.Left − meter.Left. This accounts for the meter's
                // horizontal offset within the panel (the meter starts to the right of the
                // "Total Experience (XP):" caption row). Source: retail spec §State 1 (the
                // "XP for next level:" caption left-aligns with "Total Experience (XP):" above).
                if (FindElementByDatId(layout, contentPage, TotalXpLabelId) is { } totalXpLbl)
                {
                    float xpNextLeft = totalXpLbl.Left - meter.Left;
                    xpLabel.Left = xpNextLeft >= 0f ? xpNextLeft : 0f;
                }

                xpLabel.LinesProvider = static () => new[] { new UiText.Line("XP for next level:", Body) };
            }
            if (FindTextByDatId(layout, contentPage, XpNextValueId) is UiText xpValue)
            {
                if (datFont is not null) xpValue.DatFont = datFont;
                xpValue.ClickThrough = true;
                xpValue.RightAligned = true;
                xpValue.OneLine      = true;
                xpValue.Padding      = 0f;   // avoid scroll clip
                xpValue.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(FormatXp(data().XpToNextLevel), Body) };
            }
        }

        // ── Luminance pair (0x100005C5/C6) — CT4 item 5, text bound at the ──
        // ── CT4 fix round (2026-08-25, BLOCKER 1) ────────────────────────────
        // gmStatManagementUI::UpdateExperience (0x004f0a70): InqInt64(6)
        // (AvailableLuminance) and InqInt64(7) (MaximumLuminance) are read
        // unconditionally; the pair is hidden — UIElement_Text::ClearAllText
        // (@0x004f0e31/@0x004f0e3c) on BOTH m_pLuminanceLabelText and
        // m_pLuminanceText — whenever "InqInt(0x19) < 0xc8 (200) ||
        // MaximumLuminance == 0". ClearAllText empties the widget's text and
        // leaves layout/Visible untouched, so this binds the SAME way every
        // other dynamic label in this method does: a LinesProvider that
        // re-reads data() on every draw and returns an EMPTY line set when
        // the gate is closed (retail's ClearAllText) or the resolved content
        // when it is open — no separate "refresh" call is needed, and no
        // Visible flag is touched. Retail's SetText calls (recovered by
        // PE-byte-decoding the gmStatManagementUI vftable-adjacent data
        // region, since Binary Ninja mislabels the two string pointers as
        // vftable slots rather than a StringTable key like the PK line):
        // caption = literal "Luminance:" (UTF-16 @0x007c3dd4); value =
        // narrow "%s / %s" (@0x007c3dcc) with (available, maximum) in that
        // order, both formatted through ExperienceSystem::XPToString — ported
        // as the shared FormatXp helper below (the same one Total XP / XP-to-
        // next-level already use).
        bool LuminanceVisible(CharacterSheet sheet) =>
            sheet.Level is int lvl && lvl >= 200 && sheet.MaximumLuminance != 0;

        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, contentPage, LuminanceLabelId) is UiText luminanceLabel)
        {
            luminanceLabel.LinesProvider = () => LuminanceVisible(data())
                ? new[] { new UiText.Line(LuminanceCaption, luminanceLabel.DefaultColor) }
                : Array.Empty<UiText.Line>();
        }
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, contentPage, LuminanceValueId) is UiText luminanceValue)
        {
            luminanceValue.LinesProvider = () =>
            {
                var sheet = data();
                if (!LuminanceVisible(sheet)) return Array.Empty<UiText.Line>();
                string text = $"{FormatXp(sheet.AvailableLuminance)} / {FormatXp(sheet.MaximumLuminance)}";
                return new[] { new UiText.Line(text, luminanceValue.DefaultColor) };
            };
        }

        // The tab visuals are already retained in the imported LayoutDesc. Controllers
        // bind only click behavior and the active Open/Closed state below.

        // ── Attribute list — 9 rows in list box 0x1000023D ────────────────────
        // Mutable selected-index box: -1 = nothing selected.

        // Gather EVERY copy of the raise buttons in the tree.  The raise button ids
        // (0x10000246, 0x100005EB) each appear TWICE under BOTH the Attributes page
        // (0x1000022B) and the Skills page (0x1000022C) — once per footer-state group
        // (0x10000247/0x10000241) — four copies total. Verified against the committed
        // fixture (CT3 fix round): Titles (0x10000539) authors NO copies of its own —
        // correcting this comment's earlier, false "once per tab page
        // (Attributes/Skills/Titles)" claim. ImportedLayout._byId keeps only the LAST
        // mounted copy.  We collect all copies so we can hide them all initially and
        // show/hide the correct set when a row is selected.
        //
        // At bind time the tree includes all three tab pages (the page-visibility pass
        // runs AFTER this).  Collecting from the full tree is safe: once the page-
        // visibility pass hides the inactive pages their raise buttons are invisible
        // regardless of the Visible flag we set here — but the Attributes page's
        // buttons (which are NOT hidden by the page pass) must be explicitly hidden.
        var allRaise1  = new List<UiButton>();
        var allRaise10 = new List<UiButton>();
        if (layout.Root is { } r)
        {
            // Single-pass tree walk to collect all UiButton copies at the two ids.
            // FindElement only returns the last-registered copy in _byId; we need ALL
            // copies because duplicated sub-layout mounts each tab page independently.
            CollectButtonsById(r, RaiseOneId,  allRaise1,  layout);
            CollectButtonsById(r, RaiseTenId,  allRaise10, layout);
        }
        // If tree-walk found nothing, fall back to _byId (covers fake/test layouts).
        if (allRaise1.Count  == 0 && layout.FindElement(RaiseOneId)  is UiButton b1)  allRaise1.Add(b1);
        if (allRaise10.Count == 0 && layout.FindElement(RaiseTenId)  is UiButton b10) allRaise10.Add(b10);

        var footerDefaultGroups = new List<UiElement>();
        var footerSelectedGroups = new List<UiElement>();
        var footerInactiveGroups = new List<UiElement>();
        if (contentPage is not null)
        {
            CollectElementsByDatId(contentPage, FooterStateAId, footerDefaultGroups);
            CollectElementsByDatId(contentPage, FooterStateBId, footerSelectedGroups);
            CollectElementsByDatId(contentPage, FooterStateCId, footerInactiveGroups);
        }
        else if (layout.Root is not null)
        {
            CollectElementsByDatId(layout.Root, FooterStateAId, footerDefaultGroups);
            CollectElementsByDatId(layout.Root, FooterStateBId, footerSelectedGroups);
            CollectElementsByDatId(layout.Root, FooterStateCId, footerInactiveGroups);
        }

        void SetFooterSelected(bool selected)
        {
            foreach (var g in footerDefaultGroups) g.Visible = !selected;
            foreach (var g in footerSelectedGroups) g.Visible = selected;
            foreach (var g in footerInactiveGroups) g.Visible = false;
        }

        // Initial state: raise buttons hidden until a row is selected.
        foreach (var b in allRaise1)  b.Visible = false;
        foreach (var b in allRaise10) b.Visible = false;

        // ── Footer state visibility ───────────────────────────────────────────
        // There are THREE footer state groups (A=0x10000240, B=0x10000241, C=0x10000247)
        // all stacked at the same position within the Attributes page.  _byId stores only
        // the LAST copy of each id; the others live in the VISIBLE Attributes page and must
        // also be hidden.
        //
        // WHY this cannot be done in the importer (dat state-model audit 2026-06-26):
        // All three group elements have DefaultState = StatManagement_Footer_Default
        // (0x10000011) — the dat does NOT differentiate them by visibility. The parent
        // element (0x1000022F) has a States map {Default, Text, Meter} with PassToChildren=
        // true, but each child group also registers all three states (IncFlags=None,
        // Media=0) — meaning the state-propagation produces no media change on any group.
        // Retail's gmStatManagementUI uses hardcoded element-id dispatch
        // (GetChildRecursive(this, 0x10000240) for Default, 0x10000241 for Text, 0x10000247
        // for Meter) to access the right group's children at runtime — the groups themselves
        // are never hidden/shown via the dat state mechanism.  The controller is the correct
        // and only place for this visibility management.  See retail decomp
        // gmStatManagementUI::GetFooterTitleLabel @0x004f0170.
        //
        // Strategy: collect the footer groups from the explicit Attributes page id.
        // State A is visible when nothing is selected; State B is visible when a row is
        // selected and owns the retail raise buttons; State C stays hidden for now.
        SetFooterSelected(false);

        // ── Footer State A initial binding ────────────────────────────────────
        // Walk to the State-A container directly (rather than _byId which returns the
        // last duplicate) so we get the wider-label copies (195px) for the unselected state.
        BindFooterDynamic(layout, datFont, data, activeTab, attrSel, skillSel, contentPage);
        SetFooterSelected(false);

        UiElement? statList =
            (contentPage is not null
                ? FindInSubtree(contentPage, static el => HasDatElementId(el, ListBoxId))
                : null)
            ?? layout.FindElement(ListBoxId);
        // Imported character nodes already carry the exact raw-edge policy from
        // the 337px base sublayout into the 575px mounted page. Only synthetic/
        // legacy widgets need compatibility anchors; assigning Anchors on an
        // imported node deliberately clears its UiLayoutPolicy.
        if (statList is not null && statList.LayoutPolicy is null)
            statList.Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top | AnchorEdges.Bottom;

        if (layout.Root is { } stretchRoot)
        {
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(stretchRoot, ListScrollbarId, AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top | AnchorEdges.Bottom);
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(stretchRoot, ListDividerId, AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Bottom);
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(stretchRoot, FooterStateAId, AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Bottom);
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(stretchRoot, FooterStateBId, AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Bottom);
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(stretchRoot, FooterStateCId, AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Bottom);
        }

        UiScrollbar? skillScrollbar = PrepareSkillScrollbar(layout, contentPage, statList, spriteResolve);
        WireRaiseButtonClicks(allRaise1, allRaise10, data, activeTab, attrSel, skillSel,
            () => currentSkillRows, onRaiseRequest, RefreshAfterRaise);
        RebuildActiveList();

        RetailTabBinding.SetClick(attributesTab, () => SwitchTab(CharacterStatTab.Attributes));
        RetailTabBinding.SetClick(skillsTab, () => SwitchTab(CharacterStatTab.Skills));
        // CT3 (2026-08-24): the Titles tab now switches to its own real page
        // (previously the known AP-109 gap — retail-authored closed visual, but
        // no click routing at all). Content population is
        // CharacterTitlesController's job, bound separately by the caller
        // against the SAME imported layout root.
        RetailTabBinding.SetClick(titlesTab, () => SwitchTab(CharacterStatTab.Titles));
        UpdateTabStates();

        // ── Active-page selection (fixes the dark-overlay) ─────────────────────
        // WHY this cannot be done in the importer (dat state-model audit 2026-06-26):
        // The three tab-page content areas (0x1000022B Attributes, 0x1000022C Skills,
        // 0x10000539 Titles) all have DefaultState = Undef (0) — the dat carries no
        // visibility encoding for tabs. Tab visibility is managed at runtime by gmTabUI
        // via SetVisible(bool) on the page containers.  The controller is the correct
        // and only place for initial tab-page selection.
        if (layout.Root is { } root)
        {
            foreach (var page in root.Children)
            {
                uint id = DatElementId(page);
                if (id is AttributesPageId or SkillsPageId or TitlesPageId)
                    page.Visible = id == AttributesPageId;
            }
        }

        void SwitchTab(CharacterStatTab tab)
        {
            if (activeTab[0] == tab) return;
            activeTab[0] = tab;
            attrSel[0] = -1;
            skillSel[0] = -1;
            SetFooterSelected(false);

            // CT3: Titles is a genuinely separate page container (unlike
            // Attributes/Skills, which share one mounted page and only rebind
            // its content — see RebuildActiveList) — actually flip visibility
            // between it and the shared Attributes/Skills content page.
            bool showTitles = tab == CharacterStatTab.Titles;
            if (titlesPage is not null) titlesPage.Visible = showTitles;
            if (contentPage is not null) contentPage.Visible = !showTitles;

            if (showTitles)
            {
                // CT3 fix round: the prior comment here ("Titles authors its
                // own copies of the raise buttons") was FALSE — verified
                // against the fixture, Titles (0x10000539) has none; see the
                // corrected collection comment above. contentPage.Visible =
                // false (just above) already suppresses the Attributes
                // page's real raise-button copies for both draw and click
                // routing (UiElement early-returns on an invisible node
                // before descending to children), so this loop is a no-op
                // in the common case. It is kept only as a defensive
                // fallback for the case where contentPage was not found at
                // bind time (contentPage is null, line ~525) but allRaise1/
                // allRaise10 were still populated via the tree-walk/FindElement
                // fallback above.
                foreach (var b in allRaise1)  b.Visible = false;
                foreach (var b in allRaise10) b.Visible = false;
            }
            else
            {
                RebuildActiveList();
                RefreshActiveRaiseButtons();
            }

            UpdateTabStates();
            Console.WriteLine($"[CharacterStat] Tab click: {tab}");
        }

        void UpdateTabStates()
        {
            RetailTabBinding.SetOpen(attributesTab, activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Attributes);
            RetailTabBinding.SetOpen(skillsTab, activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills);
            RetailTabBinding.SetOpen(titlesTab, activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Titles);
        }

        void RebuildActiveList()
        {
            if (statList is null) return;

            foreach (var entry in activeListEntries)
                statList.RemoveChild(entry);
            activeListEntries.Clear();
            currentAttributeRows.Clear();
            currentSkillRows.Clear();

            // CT6 (2026-08-25): both tabs now stack their rows inside a
            // UiScrollablePanel viewport child of statList — the SAME
            // shrink-and-scroll contract the Skills tab already had.
            // UiScrollablePanel.LayoutScrollableChildren (called every
            // OnDraw) recomputes Scroll.ViewHeight from the viewport's OWN
            // current Height every frame; the viewport's Anchors
            // (Left|Top|Bottom, a child of statList) track statList's live
            // Height as the window resizes, so Scroll.HasOverflow flips live
            // with no extra wiring. Previously only Skills got this
            // treatment — Attributes added rows directly to statList with no
            // clipping/scrolling and the shared scrollbar was force-hidden,
            // which is the "we never show the scrollbar on Attributes" gap
            // (owner report item 2) and the reason a shrunk window could not
            // show the overflowing attribute/vital rows at all.
            bool isSkills = activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills;
            float contentW = isSkills
                ? SkillViewportWidth(statList, skillScrollbar)
                : RowContentWidth(statList);
            var viewport = new UiScrollablePanel
            {
                Left = 0f,
                Top = 0f,
                Width = contentW,
                Height = statList.Height,
                LineHeight = (int)RowHeight,
                Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top | AnchorEdges.Bottom,
            };
            statList.AddChild(viewport);
            // #372-class fix (same mechanism as UiTemplateListBox.Viewport's
            // own lazy getter): RebuildActiveList runs during Bind, BEFORE
            // the window's first anchor pass ever reflows statList up from
            // its raw DAT-authored height (160px) to its actual mounted
            // height. Left to its lazy default, viewport's Left|Top|Bottom
            // anchor would capture its baseline margins on ITS OWN first
            // ApplyAnchor call — which happens AFTER statList has already
            // grown — measuring a bogus non-zero bottom margin (e.g.
            // "398 grown list − 160 stale viewport = 238px margin") that then
            // permanently caps the viewport 238px short on every future
            // resize. Capturing NOW, while viewport.Height still exactly
            // equals statList's own CURRENT (pre-reflow, zero-margin)
            // height, gives a true (0,0,0,0) baseline that then correctly
            // full-stretches on every later resize.
            viewport.CaptureCurrentAnchorBaseline();
            activeListEntries.Add(viewport);

            if (isSkills)
            {
                BuildSkillRows(viewport, rowDatFont, spriteResolve, data, skillSel,
                    allRaise1, allRaise10, SetFooterSelected, out currentSkillRows);
            }
            else
            {
                currentAttributeRows = BuildAttributeRows(viewport, rowDatFont, spriteResolve, data, attrSel,
                    allRaise1, allRaise10, SetFooterSelected, iconDidResolve);
            }

            // Always BOUND for whichever tab is active — no per-tab visibility
            // toggle is needed here. CT6 fix round (S2 correction): the
            // scrollbar's own .Visible=true just keeps it in the tree; what
            // actually shows or hides it on screen is UiScrollbar's
            // IsPresentationVisible, and 0x1000023E authors 0x79
            // (HideWhenDisabled) TRUE (fixture-verified — the 121/0x79
            // property on the fixture's scrollbar element carries
            // BoolValue=true). That means a fitting list HIDES the bar
            // entirely, not a full-track "disabled" thumb left visible — the
            // previous comment here had the authored default backwards.
            // Content that overflows still makes the bar visible and
            // interactive, same as always.
            if (skillScrollbar is not null)
            {
                skillScrollbar.Model = viewport.Scroll;
                skillScrollbar.Visible = true;
            }
        }

        void RefreshActiveRaiseButtons()
        {
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Attributes)
            {
                RefreshRaiseButtons(attrSel[0], data, allRaise1, allRaise10);
                return;
            }

            CharacterSkill? selectedSkill =
                skillSel[0] >= 0 && skillSel[0] < currentSkillRows.Count
                    ? currentSkillRows[skillSel[0]].Skill
                    : null;
            RefreshSkillRaiseButtons(selectedSkill, data(), allRaise1, allRaise10);
        }

        void RefreshAfterRaise(uint? selectedSkillId)
        {
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
            {
                if (selectedSkillId is null
                    && skillSel[0] >= 0
                    && skillSel[0] < currentSkillRows.Count)
                {
                    selectedSkillId = currentSkillRows[skillSel[0]].Skill.Id;
                }

                RebuildActiveList();

                skillSel[0] = -1;
                if (selectedSkillId is uint id)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < currentSkillRows.Count; i++)
                    {
                        if (currentSkillRows[i].Skill.Id == id)
                        {
                            skillSel[0] = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                ApplySkillSelectionVisuals(skillSel[0], currentSkillRows, spriteResolve);
                SetFooterSelected(skillSel[0] >= 0);
            }

            RefreshActiveRaiseButtons();
            // CT4 fix round: the luminance pair's LinesProvider re-reads
            // data() on every draw (same as every other dynamic label here),
            // so no explicit refresh call is needed for a level-up or a
            // luminance-award quality change.
        }

        return () => RefreshAfterRaise(null);
    }

    private static UiScrollbar? PrepareSkillScrollbar(
        ImportedLayout layout,
        UiElement? contentPage,
        UiElement? statList,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve)
    {
        if (spriteResolve is null)
            return null;

        // The mounted character sublayout contains duplicated stat-management
        // branches with the same element ids. Bind the scrollbar adjacent to the
        // active list first; a page-wide DFS can select an inactive duplicate that
        // is never drawn while leaving the visible gutter unconfigured.
        UiElement? source = statList?.Parent?.Children.FirstOrDefault(
                static el => HasDatElementId(el, ListScrollbarId))
            ?? (contentPage is not null
                ? FindInSubtree(contentPage, static el => HasDatElementId(el, ListScrollbarId))
                : null)
            ?? layout.FindElement(ListScrollbarId);

        if (source is UiScrollbar existingBar)
        {
            existingBar.SpriteResolve ??= id =>
            {
                var (handle, width, height) = spriteResolve(id);
                return (handle, width, height);
            };
            existingBar.Visible = false;
            return existingBar;
        }

        UiElement? parent = source?.Parent ?? statList?.Parent;
        if (parent is null || statList is null)
            return null;

        float left = source is not null
            ? source.Left
            : statList.Left + MathF.Min(statList.Width, SkillContentWidth);
        float top = source?.Top ?? statList.Top;
        float width = source?.Width > 0f ? source.Width : 16f;
        float height = source?.Height > 0f ? source.Height : statList.Height;
        int z = (source?.ZOrder ?? statList.ZOrder) + 1;

        if (source is not null)
            source.Visible = false;

        var bar = new UiScrollbar
        {
            Left = left,
            Top = top,
            Width = width,
            Height = height,
            ZOrder = z,
            Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top | AnchorEdges.Bottom,
        };
        ConfigureSkillScrollbar(bar, spriteResolve);
        bar.Visible = false;
        parent.AddChild(bar);
        return bar;
    }

    private static void ConfigureSkillScrollbar(
        UiScrollbar bar,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)> spriteResolve)
    {
        bar.SpriteResolve = id => { var (h, w, ht) = spriteResolve(id); return (h, w, ht); };
        RetailScrollbarChrome.ApplyVertical(bar);
    }

    private static float SkillViewportWidth(UiElement statList, UiScrollbar? bar)
    {
        if (bar is not null && ReferenceEquals(bar.Parent, statList.Parent))
        {
            float widthToGutter = bar.Left - statList.Left;
            if (widthToGutter > 32f)
                return widthToGutter;
        }

        return statList.Width > 0f
            ? MathF.Min(statList.Width, SkillContentWidth)
            : SkillContentWidth;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// CT5: the row's own rendered width is <paramref name="list"/>'s own
    /// width clamped to the AUTHORED row-template CEILING
    /// (282px, <see cref="SkillContentWidth"/>) — the two numbers never
    /// compose into a derived "gutter" formula (ground-truth doc §2's
    /// explicit warning); a shorter <paramref name="list"/> clamps the row
    /// down, but a wider one never stretches it past 282.
    /// <para>CT5 fix round (NOTE b, tempered wording): this does NOT mean
    /// every row is 282px. Attribute/vital rows pass the raw ListBox
    /// (300px, <see cref="CharacterStatController.ListBoxId"/>'s own dat
    /// rect) and land on the 282 ceiling exactly. The skill page instead
    /// passes the narrower <c>SkillViewportWidth</c>-computed viewport
    /// (281px in production — the real scrollbar's authored gutter), so
    /// skill rows clamp to 281, one pixel short of the template ceiling.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    private static float RowContentWidth(UiElement list)
        => list.Width > 0f ? MathF.Min(list.Width, SkillContentWidth) : SkillContentWidth;

    /// <summary>
    /// CT5 (AP-235): resolve a row icon DID through the live
    /// <c>DBObj::GetDIDByEnum</c> chain when a resolver is available,
    /// falling back to the hardcoded <see cref="AttrRows"/>/<see cref="VitalRows"/>
    /// column value otherwise (tests, or a resolve miss).
    /// </summary>
    private static uint ResolveIconDid(
        Func<uint, uint, uint>? resolver,
        uint enumValue,
        uint category,
        uint fallback)
    {
        if (resolver is null) return fallback;
        uint resolved = resolver(enumValue, category);
        return resolved != 0u ? resolved : fallback;
    }

    // ── 9-row attribute list ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

    private static List<UiClickablePanel> BuildAttributeRows(
        UiElement list,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        int[] sel,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10,
        Action<bool> setFooterSelected,
        Func<uint, uint, uint>? iconDidResolve)
    {
        float listW = RowContentWidth(list);
        float y     = 0f;
        var rows    = new List<UiClickablePanel>();

        for (int i = 0; i < AttrRows.Length; i++)
        {
            var (rowName, iconDid, statId) = AttrRows[i];
            int rowIndex = i;

            var row = AddRow(list, datFont, spriteResolve,
                left: 0f, top: y, width: listW, height: RowHeight,
                iconDid: ResolveIconDid(iconDidResolve, statId, AttributeIconCategory, iconDid),
                nameText: rowName,
                valueProvider: () =>
                {
                    var s = data();
                    int v = rowIndex switch
                    {
                        0 => s.Strength,
                        1 => s.Endurance,
                        2 => s.Coordination,
                        3 => s.Quickness,
                        4 => s.Focus,
                        5 => s.Self,
                        _ => 0,
                    };
                    return v.ToString();
                },
                valueColorProvider: () => AttributeValueColor(data(), rowIndex));
            row.TooltipText = AttributeDescriptions.GetValueOrDefault(statId);

            row.OnClick = () =>
            {
                HandleRowClick(rowIndex, sel, rows, spriteResolve, data, allRaise1, allRaise10);
                setFooterSelected(sel[0] >= 0);
            };
            rows.Add(row);
            y += RowHeight;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < VitalRows.Length; i++)
        {
            var (rowName, iconDid, maxStatId) = VitalRows[i];
            int rowIndex = i;
            int absIndex = AttrRows.Length + i;

            var row = AddRow(list, datFont, spriteResolve,
                left: 0f, top: y, width: listW, height: RowHeight,
                iconDid: ResolveIconDid(iconDidResolve, maxStatId, VitalIconCategory, iconDid),
                nameText: rowName,
                valueProvider: () =>
                {
                    var s = data();
                    return rowIndex switch
                    {
                        0 => $"{s.HealthCurrent}/{s.HealthMax}",
                        1 => $"{s.StaminaCurrent}/{s.StaminaMax}",
                        2 => $"{s.ManaCurrent}/{s.ManaMax}",
                        _ => string.Empty,
                    };
                },
                valueColorProvider: () => VitalValueColor(data(), rowIndex));
            row.TooltipText = Attribute2ndDescriptions.GetValueOrDefault(maxStatId);

            row.OnClick = () =>
            {
                HandleRowClick(absIndex, sel, rows, spriteResolve, data, allRaise1, allRaise10);
                setFooterSelected(sel[0] >= 0);
            };
            rows.Add(row);
            y += RowHeight;
        }

        return rows;
    }

    private static List<UiElement> BuildSkillRows(
        UiElement list,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        int[] sel,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10,
        Action<bool> setFooterSelected,
        out List<SkillRowBinding> skillRows)
    {
        float listW = RowContentWidth(list);
        float y = 0f;
        var entries = new List<UiElement>();
        var bindings = new List<SkillRowBinding>();

        AddBucket("Specialized Skills", SkillHeaderSpecializedSprite,
            OrderedSkills(data(), CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Specialized, usableUntrained: null));
        AddBucket("Trained Skills", SkillHeaderTrainedSprite,
            OrderedSkills(data(), CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained, usableUntrained: null));
        AddBucket("Untrained Skills", SkillHeaderUntrainedSprite,
            OrderedSkills(data(), CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Untrained, usableUntrained: true));
        AddBucket("Unusable Skills", SkillHeaderUnusableSprite,
            OrderedSkills(data(), CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Untrained, usableUntrained: false));

        skillRows = bindings;
        return entries;

        void AddBucket(string title, uint spriteId, IReadOnlyList<CharacterSkill> skills)
        {
            var header = AddSkillHeader(list, datFont, spriteResolve, 0f, y, listW, title, spriteId);
            entries.Add(header);
            y += SkillHeaderHeight;

            foreach (var skill in skills)
            {
                int rowIndex = bindings.Count;
                CharacterSkill LiveSkill() =>
                    FindSkill(data(), skill.Id) ?? skill;
                var row = AddRow(list, datFont, spriteResolve,
                    left: 0f, top: y, width: listW, height: RowHeight,
                    iconDid: skill.IconDid,
                    nameText: skill.Name,
                    valueProvider: () => LiveSkill().CurrentLevel.ToString(),
                    valueColorProvider: () => SkillValueColor(LiveSkill()),
                    nameColor: Vector4.One);
                // TS-85: SkillInfoRegion::GetTooltip (0x004f1fe0), stamped once at
                // row construction — matches retail (never recomputed per frame).
                row.TooltipText = skill.TooltipText;
                row.OnClick = () =>
                {
                    HandleSkillRowClick(rowIndex, sel, bindings, spriteResolve, data, allRaise1, allRaise10);
                    setFooterSelected(sel[0] >= 0);
                };
                bindings.Add(new SkillRowBinding(row, skill));
                entries.Add(row);
                y += RowHeight;
            }
        }
    }

    private static UiPanel AddSkillHeader(
        UiElement list,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        float left,
        float top,
        float width,
        string title,
        uint spriteId)
    {
        var header = new UiPanel
        {
            Left = left,
            Top = top,
            Width = width,
            Height = SkillHeaderHeight,
            BackgroundColor = spriteResolve is null ? new Vector4(0.12f, 0.12f, 0.14f, 0.65f) : Vector4.Zero,
            BackgroundSprite = spriteResolve is not null ? spriteId : 0u,
            SpriteResolve = spriteResolve is not null
                ? id => { var (h, w, ht) = spriteResolve(id); return (h, w, ht); }
                : null,
            BorderColor = Vector4.Zero,
            Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
            ClickThrough = true,
        };

        var label = new UiText
        {
            Left = RowPadX,
            Top = 0f,
            Width = MathF.Max(1f, width - RowPadX * 2f),
            Height = SkillHeaderHeight,
            DatFont = datFont,
            ClickThrough = true,
            Centered = false,
            RightAligned = false,
            Padding = 1f,
            Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
        };
        string captured = title;
        label.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(captured, Vector4.One) };
        header.AddChild(label);
        list.AddChild(header);
        return header;
    }

    private static IReadOnlyList<CharacterSkill> OrderedSkills(
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        CharacterSkillAdvancementClass advancement,
        bool? usableUntrained)
    {
        var result = new List<CharacterSkill>();
        foreach (var skill in sheet.Skills)
        {
            if (skill.AdvancementClass != advancement) continue;
            if (usableUntrained is not null && skill.UsableUntrained != usableUntrained.Value) continue;
            result.Add(skill);
        }
        result.Sort(static (a, b) => string.Compare(a.Name, b.Name, StringComparison.Ordinal));
        return result;
    }

    private static CharacterSkill? FindSkill(CharacterSheet sheet, uint skillId)
    {
        IReadOnlyList<CharacterSkill> skills = sheet.Skills;
        for (int i = 0; i < skills.Count; i++)
        {
            CharacterSkill skill = skills[i];
            if (skill.Id == skillId)
                return skill;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static CharacterSkill? SkillAtDisplayIndex(CharacterSheet sheet, int index)
    {
        if (index < 0) return null;
        int n = 0;
        foreach (var bucket in new[]
        {
            OrderedSkills(sheet, CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Specialized, usableUntrained: null),
            OrderedSkills(sheet, CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained, usableUntrained: null),
            OrderedSkills(sheet, CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Untrained, usableUntrained: true),
            OrderedSkills(sheet, CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Untrained, usableUntrained: false),
        })
        {
            foreach (var skill in bucket)
            {
                if (n == index) return skill;
                n++;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    internal static Vector4 SkillValueColor(CharacterSkill skill)
    {
        int withoutVitae = skill.CurrentLevel - skill.VitaeModifier;
        return withoutVitae > skill.BaseLevel ? RetailBuffGreen
         : withoutVitae < skill.BaseLevel ? RetailDebuffRed
         : Vector4.One;
    }

    internal static Vector4 AttributeValueColor(
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        int rowIndex)
    {
        int delta = GetAttributeDelta(sheet, rowIndex);
        return delta > 0 ? RetailBuffGreen
            : delta < 0 ? RetailDebuffRed
            : Vector4.One;
    }

    internal static Vector4 VitalValueColor(
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        int vitalIndex)
    {
        if ((uint)vitalIndex >= 3u
            || vitalIndex >= sheet.VitalBaseMaxValues.Length
            || vitalIndex >= sheet.VitalVitaeModifiers.Length)
        {
            return Vector4.One;
        }

        int effective = vitalIndex switch
        {
            0 => sheet.HealthMax,
            1 => sheet.StaminaMax,
            2 => sheet.ManaMax,
            _ => 0,
        };
        int withoutVitae = effective - sheet.VitalVitaeModifiers[vitalIndex];
        int baseline = sheet.VitalBaseMaxValues[vitalIndex];
        return withoutVitae > baseline ? RetailBuffGreen
            : withoutVitae < baseline ? RetailDebuffRed
            : Vector4.One;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Handles a row click: toggle (same row → deselect), else select new row.
    /// Updates highlight, footer providers, and raise-button state.
    /// </summary>
    private static void HandleRowClick(
        int clickedIndex,
        int[] sel,
        List<UiClickablePanel> rows,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10)
    {
        int newSel = (sel[0] == clickedIndex) ? -1 : clickedIndex;
        sel[0] = newSel;

        // Log for live test confirmation (user tests selection in the studio).
        string rowName = GetRowName(newSel);
        Console.WriteLine($"[CharacterStat] Row click: index={clickedIndex} → selected={newSel} ({rowName})");

        // Update highlight on all rows.
        // CT5: retail's InfoRegion::SetState swaps the row's whole background
        // to the template's Highlight-state media (RowHighlightSprite,
        // 0x06000F93 — see its own doc comment) when spriteResolve is
        // available; otherwise fall back to the translucent gold tint.
        // CT5 fix round (SHOULD-FIX 1): the UNSELECTED branch now draws the
        // template's Normal-state media (RowNormalSprite, 0x06004CC2 — see
        // its own doc comment) the same way, instead of leaving the row
        // fully transparent.
        for (int i = 0; i < rows.Count; i++)
        {
            var row = rows[i];
            if (i == newSel)
            {
                if (spriteResolve is not null)
                {
                    row.BackgroundColor  = Vector4.Zero;
                    row.BackgroundSprite = RowHighlightSprite;
                    row.SpriteResolve    = spriteResolve;
                }
                else
                {
                    row.BackgroundColor  = HighlightBg;
                    row.BackgroundSprite = 0u;
                    row.SpriteResolve    = null;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                row.BackgroundColor  = Vector4.Zero;
                row.BackgroundSprite = spriteResolve is not null ? RowNormalSprite : 0u;
                row.SpriteResolve    = spriteResolve;
            }
        }

        // Update raise buttons.
        RefreshRaiseButtons(newSel, data, allRaise1, allRaise10);
    }

    private static void HandleSkillRowClick(
        int clickedIndex,
        int[] sel,
        List<SkillRowBinding> rows,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10)
    {
        int newSel = (sel[0] == clickedIndex) ? -1 : clickedIndex;
        sel[0] = newSel;

        string rowName = newSel >= 0 && newSel < rows.Count ? rows[newSel].Skill.Name : string.Empty;
        Console.WriteLine($"[CharacterStat] Skill row click: index={clickedIndex} -> selected={newSel} ({rowName})");

        ApplySkillSelectionVisuals(newSel, rows, spriteResolve);

        CharacterSkill? selectedSkill = newSel >= 0 && newSel < rows.Count ? rows[newSel].Skill : null;
        RefreshSkillRaiseButtons(selectedSkill, data(), allRaise1, allRaise10);
    }

    private static void ApplySkillSelectionVisuals(
        int selectedIndex,
        IReadOnlyList<SkillRowBinding> rows,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < rows.Count; i++)
        {
            var row = rows[i].Panel;
            if (i == selectedIndex)
            {
                if (spriteResolve is not null)
                {
                    row.BackgroundColor = Vector4.Zero;
                    row.BackgroundSprite = RowHighlightSprite;
                    // CT5 fix round (NOTE f): unified with HandleRowClick's
                    // direct assignment — the per-row wrapper closure this
                    // used to allocate was functionally identical (same
                    // tuple shape, just differently-named elements, which
                    // the delegate conversion already accepts without it).
                    row.SpriteResolve = spriteResolve;
                }
                else
                {
                    row.BackgroundColor = HighlightBg;
                    row.BackgroundSprite = 0u;
                    row.SpriteResolve = null;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // CT5 fix round (SHOULD-FIX 1): draw the Normal-state media
                // (RowNormalSprite) on unselected rows — see HandleRowClick's
                // matching comment for the full citation.
                row.BackgroundColor = Vector4.Zero;
                row.BackgroundSprite = spriteResolve is not null ? RowNormalSprite : 0u;
                row.SpriteResolve = spriteResolve;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Refresh raise button visibility + state based on current selection.
    /// Applies to ALL collected raise button copies (one per tab page) so the
    /// Attributes-page buttons are correctly shown/hidden regardless of which
    /// copy happens to be in ImportedLayout._byId.</summary>
    private static void RefreshRaiseButtons(
        int selectedIndex,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10)
    {
        if (allRaise1.Count == 0 && allRaise10.Count == 0) return;

        if (selectedIndex < 0)
        {
            // Nothing selected: hide all raise buttons.
            foreach (var b in allRaise1)  b.Visible = false;
            foreach (var b in allRaise10) b.Visible = false;
            return;
        }

        var sheet = data();
        long cost1 = GetRaiseCost(sheet, selectedIndex, amount: 1);
        long cost10 = GetRaiseCost(sheet, selectedIndex, amount: 10);
        // CA4 (retired AP-73): while a raise awaits its authoritative
        // record, retail ghosts the raise controls (one request in flight).
        bool affordable1 = !sheet.AwaitingRaise && cost1 > 0 && sheet.UnassignedXp >= cost1;
        bool affordable10 = !sheet.AwaitingRaise && cost10 > 0 && sheet.UnassignedXp >= cost10;

        foreach (var b in allRaise1)
        {
            b.Visible = true;
            b.TrySetRetailState(affordable1
                ? UiButtonStateMachine.Normal
                : UiButtonStateMachine.Ghosted);
        }
        foreach (var b in allRaise10)
        {
            b.Visible = true;
            b.TrySetRetailState(affordable10
                ? UiButtonStateMachine.Normal
                : UiButtonStateMachine.Ghosted);
        }
    }

    private static void RefreshSkillRaiseButtons(
        CharacterSkill? selectedSkill,
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10)
    {
        if (selectedSkill is null)
        {
            foreach (var b in allRaise1)  b.Visible = false;
            foreach (var b in allRaise10) b.Visible = false;
            return;
        }

        bool trained = selectedSkill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained;
        long cost = trained ? selectedSkill.RaiseCost : selectedSkill.TrainedCost;
        bool affordable = !sheet.AwaitingRaise && (trained
            ? cost > 0 && sheet.UnassignedXp >= cost
            : cost > 0 && sheet.SkillCredits >= cost);
        foreach (var b in allRaise1)
        {
            b.Visible = true;
            b.TrySetRetailState(affordable
                ? UiButtonStateMachine.Normal
                : UiButtonStateMachine.Ghosted);
        }

        foreach (var b in allRaise10)
        {
            b.Visible = trained;
            if (trained)
            {
                long cost10 = selectedSkill.Raise10Cost;
                bool affordable10 = !sheet.AwaitingRaise && cost10 > 0 && sheet.UnassignedXp >= cost10;
                b.TrySetRetailState(affordable10
                    ? UiButtonStateMachine.Normal
                    : UiButtonStateMachine.Ghosted);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void WireRaiseButtonClicks(
        List<UiButton> allRaise1,
        List<UiButton> allRaise10,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        CharacterStatTab[] activeTab,
        int[] attrSel,
        int[] skillSel,
        Func<IReadOnlyList<SkillRowBinding>> skillRows,
        RaiseRequestHandler? onRaiseRequest,
        Action<uint?>? afterRaiseRequest)
    {
        foreach (var button in allRaise1)
        {
            UiButton captured = button;
            captured.OnClick = () => HandleRaiseButtonClick(
                amount: 1, data, activeTab, attrSel, skillSel, skillRows, onRaiseRequest, afterRaiseRequest);
        }

        foreach (var button in allRaise10)
        {
            UiButton captured = button;
            captured.OnClick = () => HandleRaiseButtonClick(
                amount: 10, data, activeTab, attrSel, skillSel, skillRows, onRaiseRequest, afterRaiseRequest);
        }
    }

    private static void HandleRaiseButtonClick(
        int amount,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        CharacterStatTab[] activeTab,
        int[] attrSel,
        int[] skillSel,
        Func<IReadOnlyList<SkillRowBinding>> skillRows,
        RaiseRequestHandler? onRaiseRequest,
        Action<uint?>? afterRaiseRequest)
    {
        if (onRaiseRequest is null) return;

        var sheet = data();
        RaiseRequest? request;
        uint? selectedSkillId = null;

        if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Attributes)
        {
            request = TryBuildAttributeRaiseRequest(sheet, attrSel[0], amount);
        }
        else
        {
            var rows = skillRows();
            CharacterSkill? selectedSkill =
                skillSel[0] >= 0 && skillSel[0] < rows.Count
                    ? rows[skillSel[0]].Skill
                    : null;
            selectedSkillId = selectedSkill?.Id;
            request = TryBuildSkillRaiseRequest(sheet, selectedSkill, amount);
        }

        if (request is not { } value) return;

        onRaiseRequest(value, () => afterRaiseRequest?.Invoke(selectedSkillId));
    }

    private static RaiseRequest? TryBuildAttributeRaiseRequest(
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        int selectedIndex,
        int amount)
    {
        if (selectedIndex < 0) return null;

        long cost = GetRaiseCost(sheet, selectedIndex, amount);
        if (cost <= 0 || sheet.UnassignedXp < cost) return null;

        if (selectedIndex < AttrRows.Length)
            return new RaiseRequest(RaiseTargetKind.Attribute, AttrRows[selectedIndex].statId, cost, amount);

        int vitalIndex = selectedIndex - AttrRows.Length;
        if (vitalIndex >= 0 && vitalIndex < VitalRows.Length)
            return new RaiseRequest(RaiseTargetKind.Vital, VitalRows[vitalIndex].maxStatId, cost, amount);

        return null;
    }

    private static RaiseRequest? TryBuildSkillRaiseRequest(
        CharacterSheet sheet,
        CharacterSkill? selectedSkill,
        int amount)
    {
        if (selectedSkill is null) return null;

        bool trained = selectedSkill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained;
        if (!trained)
        {
            if (amount != 1) return null;
            long trainCost = selectedSkill.TrainedCost;
            return trainCost > 0 && sheet.SkillCredits >= trainCost
                ? new RaiseRequest(RaiseTargetKind.TrainSkill, selectedSkill.Id, trainCost, amount)
                : null;
        }

        long raiseCost = amount == 10 ? selectedSkill.Raise10Cost : selectedSkill.RaiseCost;
        return raiseCost > 0 && sheet.UnassignedXp >= raiseCost
            ? new RaiseRequest(RaiseTargetKind.Skill, selectedSkill.Id, raiseCost, amount == 10 ? 10 : 1)
            : null;
    }

    /// <summary>Return the raise cost for row <paramref name="rowIndex"/> from the sheet.
    /// Returns 0 if the cost array is shorter than expected.</summary>
    internal static long GetRaiseCost(CharacterSheet sheet, int rowIndex)
        => GetRaiseCost(sheet, rowIndex, amount: 1);

    /// <summary>Return the raise cost for row <paramref name="rowIndex"/> and retail amount.
    /// Returns 0 if the relevant cost array is shorter than expected.</summary>
    internal static long GetRaiseCost(CharacterSheet sheet, int rowIndex, int amount)
    {
        var costs = amount == 10 ? sheet.AttributeRaise10Costs : sheet.AttributeRaiseCosts;
        if (costs is null || rowIndex < 0 || rowIndex >= costs.Length)
            return 0L;
        return costs[rowIndex];
    }

    /// <summary>Return the display name for the row at <paramref name="index"/>,
    /// or an empty string if the index is out of range.</summary>
    internal static string GetRowName(int index)
    {
        if (index < 0) return string.Empty;
        if (index < AttrRows.Length)  return AttrRows[index].name;
        int vi = index - AttrRows.Length;
        if (vi < VitalRows.Length) return VitalRows[vi].name;
        return string.Empty;
    }

    /// <summary>Return the numeric value for the row at <paramref name="index"/>.</summary>
    internal static string GetRowValueString(CharacterSheet sheet, int index)
    {
        return index switch
        {
            0 => sheet.Strength.ToString(),
            1 => sheet.Endurance.ToString(),
            2 => sheet.Coordination.ToString(),
            3 => sheet.Quickness.ToString(),
            4 => sheet.Focus.ToString(),
            5 => sheet.Self.ToString(),
            6 => $"{sheet.HealthCurrent}/{sheet.HealthMax}",
            7 => $"{sheet.StaminaCurrent}/{sheet.StaminaMax}",
            8 => $"{sheet.ManaCurrent}/{sheet.ManaMax}",
            _ => string.Empty,
        };
    }

    // ── Issue #267 — retail vitae/buff delta parenthetical ───────────────────
    // Format cited from gmAttributeUI::DisplaySelectionFooter_Attribute
    // (0x0049d280, format " (%s%d)") and gmSkillUI::DisplaySelectionFooter_Trained
    // (0x0049b860, vitae segment format " (%d)" via SkillInfoRegion::
    // GetVitaeModifier 0x004f0fa0, buff segment " (%s%d)"). Retail colors each
    // segment independently (AppendTextWithFont state 1/2/3); our UiText footer
    // title element renders OneLine/single-color, so segments here share the
    // title's white color rather than retail's per-run tint — a presentation
    // simplification, not a value/format deviation.

    /// <summary>Effective value for attribute/vital row <paramref name="index"/>
    /// as an int (numeric twin of <see cref="GetRowValueString"/> for the 6
    /// primary-attribute rows only — vitals use "cur/max" and have no single
    /// effective int).</summary>
    private static int GetRowEffectiveAttributeValue(CharacterSheet sheet, int index) => index switch
    {
        0 => sheet.Strength,
        1 => sheet.Endurance,
        2 => sheet.Coordination,
        3 => sheet.Quickness,
        4 => sheet.Focus,
        5 => sheet.Self,
        _ => 0,
    };

    /// <summary>Buff-only delta (effective − base) for the primary-attribute
    /// row at <paramref name="index"/>. Zero for vital rows (6-8) — vitals use
    /// a separate "cur/max" footer format in retail
    /// (<c>gmAttributeUI::DisplaySelectionFooter_Vital</c> 0x0049d6b0), not
    /// this delta pattern.</summary>
    internal static int GetAttributeDelta(CharacterSheet sheet, int index)
    {
        if ((uint)index >= (uint)AttrRows.Length) return 0;
        int[] baseValues = sheet.AttributeBaseValues;
        if (baseValues is null || index >= baseValues.Length) return 0;
        return GetRowEffectiveAttributeValue(sheet, index) - baseValues[index];
    }

    /// <summary>Skill's buff-only delta, excluding vitae — retail computes
    /// this as <c>(current − vitaeModifier) − base</c>
    /// (<c>gmSkillUI::DisplaySelectionFooter_Trained</c> 0x0049b860): vitae's
    /// own contribution is reported separately via
    /// <see cref="FormatVitaeDelta"/>.</summary>
    internal static int GetSkillBuffOnlyDelta(CharacterSkill skill) =>
        (skill.CurrentLevel - skill.VitaeModifier) - skill.BaseLevel;

    /// <summary>Retail " (%s%d)" buff-delta parenthetical: an explicit "+"
    /// prefix on an increase (the natural %d has no leading plus), the
    /// natural minus sign on a decrease (no prefix string set in that
    /// branch), nothing when the delta is zero.</summary>
    /// <remarks>Invariant, not the machine's culture: retail's minus is the
    /// ASCII '-', and several European cultures (sv-SE among them) render a
    /// negative integer with U+2212 MINUS SIGN, so a Swedish player would
    /// otherwise read "(−20)" where retail shows "(-20)".</remarks>
    private static string FormatBuffDelta(int delta) => delta switch
    {
        0 => string.Empty,
        > 0 => string.Create(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, $" (+{delta})"),
        _ => string.Create(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, $" ({delta})"),
    };

    /// <summary>Retail " (%d)" vitae-specific parenthetical
    /// (<c>SkillInfoRegion::GetVitaeModifier</c> 0x004f0fa0): shown only
    /// while vitae is an active penalty (modifier &lt; 0) — vitae never
    /// grants a bonus, so no "+" case exists.</summary>
    private static string FormatVitaeDelta(int vitaeModifier) =>
        vitaeModifier < 0
            ? string.Create(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, $" ({vitaeModifier})")
            : string.Empty;

    /// <summary>Build the retail footer-title text for the current selection:
    /// "{Name}: {value}" with the vitae + buff-delta parentheticals appended
    /// for a selected trained/specialized skill or a selected attribute row.
    /// Shared by both footer-state bindings (State A/B use physically
    /// separate UiText elements in the imported layout) so the composition
    /// logic lives in exactly one place.</summary>
    private static string BuildSelectedTitleText(
        CharacterStatTab tab,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        int[] attrSel,
        int[] skillSel)
    {
        if (tab == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
        {
            CharacterSkill? skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
            if (skill is null) return "Select a Skill to Improve";
            if (skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                return skill.Name;

            string vitaeSuffix = FormatVitaeDelta(skill.VitaeModifier);
            string buffSuffix = FormatBuffDelta(GetSkillBuffOnlyDelta(skill));
            return $"{skill.Name}: {skill.CurrentLevel}{vitaeSuffix}{buffSuffix}";
        }

        if (attrSel[0] < 0) return "Select an Attribute to Improve";
        CharacterSheet sheet = data();
        string name = GetRowName(attrSel[0]);
        string value = GetRowValueString(sheet, attrSel[0]);
        string delta = FormatBuffDelta(GetAttributeDelta(sheet, attrSel[0]));
        return $"{name}: {value}{delta}";
    }

    private static IReadOnlyList<UiText.TextRun> BuildSelectedTitleRuns(
        UiText target,
        CharacterStatTab tab,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        int[] attrSel,
        int[] skillSel)
    {
        Vector4 Color(int index) =>
            index >= 0 && index < target.FontColorPalette.Count
                ? target.FontColorPalette[index]
                : index switch
                {
                    1 => RetailBuffGreen,
                    2 => RetailDebuffRed,
                    3 => RetailVitaeBlue,
                    _ => Vector4.One,
                };

        if (tab == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
        {
            CharacterSkill? skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
            if (skill is null)
                return [new("Select a Skill to Improve", Body)];
            if (skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                return [new(skill.Name, Color(0))];

            var runs = new List<UiText.TextRun>
            {
                new($"{skill.Name}: {skill.CurrentLevel}", Color(0)),
            };
            if (skill.VitaeModifier < 0)
                runs.Add(new(FormatVitaeDelta(skill.VitaeModifier), Color(3)));
            int buffDelta = GetSkillBuffOnlyDelta(skill);
            if (buffDelta != 0)
                runs.Add(new(
                    FormatBuffDelta(buffDelta),
                    Color(buffDelta > 0 ? 1 : 2)));
            return runs;
        }

        if (attrSel[0] < 0)
            return [new("Select an Attribute to Improve", Body)];

        CharacterSheet sheet = data();
        var attributeRuns = new List<UiText.TextRun>
        {
            new(
                $"{GetRowName(attrSel[0])}: {GetRowValueString(sheet, attrSel[0])}",
                Color(0)),
        };
        int delta = GetAttributeDelta(sheet, attrSel[0]);
        if (delta != 0)
            attributeRuns.Add(new(
                FormatBuffDelta(delta),
                Color(delta > 0 ? 1 : 2)));
        return attributeRuns;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Add a single attribute/vital/skill row to <paramref name="list"/> as a
    /// <see cref="UiClickablePanel"/> containing icon + name + value children,
    /// laid out at the AUTHORED template 0x10000248 pixel geometry (icon
    /// flush left 20x20, name at X=25 W=150, value at X=175 W=100
    /// right-justified — see the row-layout-constants block above). Returns
    /// the panel so the caller can wire <see cref="UiClickablePanel.OnClick"/>.
    ///
    /// <para>CT5 hand-built-vs-template ruling: this row stays HAND-BUILT
    /// (not converted to <c>UiTemplateListBox</c> row instantiation).
    /// Converting would touch every one of the ~15 call sites this method's
    /// row feeds — raise-button affordability, footer State A/B, per-row
    /// tooltip, section-header bucketing, live-refresh-on-quality-change,
    /// and the selection-highlight swap — for a purely cosmetic slice whose
    /// authored numbers this hand-built path can already hit byte-exact
    /// (proven by <c>CharacterPanelLiveDatTests.AttributeRowTemplate_...</c>).
    /// That is a large-blast-radius rewrite for a geometry-only fix; the
    /// smaller-risk path is implementing the authored constants directly
    /// here, which this method now does.</para>
    /// </summary>
    private static UiClickablePanel AddRow(
        UiElement list,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Func<uint, (uint handle, int w, int h)>? spriteResolve,
        float left, float top, float width, float height,
        uint iconDid,
        string nameText,
        Func<string> valueProvider,
        Func<Vector4>? valueColorProvider = null,
        Vector4? nameColor = null)
    {
        var row = new UiClickablePanel
        {
            // #430: runtime-built rows author no P0x47/P0x48 of their own, and
            // OnTooltipShow refuses a widget without a popup locator — so the
            // Batch-B TooltipText never mounted. Use the shared popup skin,
            // the ONLY locator pair the character layout (0x2100002E) itself
            // references (live-DAT probed 2026-08-24) and the same inference
            // UiItemSlot already ships for runtime-built widgets.
            AuthoredTooltipRootElementId =
                RetailTooltipPresenter.SharedPopupSkinRootElementId,
            AuthoredTooltipLayoutDid =
                RetailTooltipPresenter.SharedPopupSkinLayoutDid,
            Left             = left,
            Top              = top,
            Width            = width,
            Height           = height,
            BackgroundColor  = Vector4.Zero,
            // CT5 fix round (SHOULD-FIX 1): a freshly-built row starts
            // unselected, so it gets the template's Normal-state media
            // (RowNormalSprite) up front — matching HandleRowClick's/
            // ApplySkillSelectionVisuals' unselected branch exactly, so a
            // row never flashes transparent before its first click.
            BackgroundSprite = spriteResolve is not null ? RowNormalSprite : 0u,
            SpriteResolve    = spriteResolve,
            BorderColor      = Vector4.Zero,
            Anchors          = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
        };

        // Icon 0x10000129: flush left (X=0), Y=0, 20x20 — full row height,
        // no vertical centering math needed since RowIconSize == RowHeight.
        var iconEl = new UiText
        {
            Left            = RowIconX,
            Top             = 0f,
            Width           = RowIconSize,
            Height          = RowIconSize,
            ClickThrough    = true,
            DatFont         = null,
            BackgroundSprite = spriteResolve is not null ? iconDid : 0u,
            SpriteResolve   = spriteResolve is not null
                ? id => { var (h, w, ht) = spriteResolve(id); return (h, w, ht); }
                : null,
            LinesProvider   = static () => Array.Empty<UiText.Line>(),
            Anchors         = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
        };

        // Name 0x1000012A: X=25 W=150 — fixed authored pixels, not a
        // width-relative fraction.
        string capturedName = nameText;
        Vector4 capturedNameColor = nameColor ?? Body;
        var nameEl = new UiText
        {
            Left         = RowNameX,
            Top          = 0f,
            Width        = RowNameW,
            Height       = height,
            DatFont      = datFont,
            ClickThrough = true,
            Centered     = false,
            RightAligned = false,
            // CT5 fix round (SHOULD-FIX 3): the authored template's
            // 0x1000012A name column carries no margin property at all —
            // Padding=1f re-created the X=26 glyph start (RowNameX + 1) this
            // very slice existed to remove (see AttributeRowTemplate_...'s
            // pin: name.X == 25f, no margin). 0f matches the value column's
            // own (already-0) Padding.
            Padding      = 0f,
            // CT5 fix round (NOTE a): both the name and value columns author
            // VJustify=Center in the template (0x1000012A/0x1000012B share
            // the same default UiText.VerticalJustify). OneLine=true routes
            // this element through the same single-line vertical-centering
            // draw path the value column below already uses instead of the
            // multi-line/scroll path, which does not honor VerticalJustify
            // the same way.
            OneLine      = true,
            Anchors      = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
        };
        nameEl.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(capturedName, capturedNameColor) };

        // Value 0x1000012B: X=175 W=100, right-justified — its right edge
        // (275) sits 7px short of the row's own 282px right edge, the
        // authored gutter the owner reported.
        var valueEl = new UiText
        {
            Left         = RowValueX,
            Top          = 0f,
            Width        = RowValueW,
            Height       = height,
            DatFont      = datFont,
            ClickThrough = true,
            RightAligned = true,
            OneLine      = true,
            Anchors      = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top,
        };
        var capturedProvider = valueProvider;
        valueEl.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(capturedProvider(), valueColorProvider?.Invoke() ?? Body) };

        row.AddChild(iconEl);
        row.AddChild(nameEl);
        row.AddChild(valueEl);
        list.AddChild(row);
        return row;
    }

    // ── Footer — dynamic (State A + State B via sel[]) ────────────────────────

    /// <summary>
    /// Bind all 5 footer elements with providers that close over <paramref name="sel"/>:
    /// when <c>sel[0] == -1</c> (nothing selected) they emit State-A content;
    /// when a row is selected they emit State-B content.
    ///
    /// <para><b>State A</b> (DisplayDefaultFooter 0x0049cde0):
    /// title = "Select an Attribute to Improve"; line-1 label = "Skill Credits Available:";
    /// line-1 value = SkillCredits; line-2 label = "Unassigned Experience:";
    /// line-2 value = UnassignedXp.</para>
    ///
    /// <para><b>State B</b> (attribute selected):
    /// title = "{AttrName}: {value}" (e.g. "Focus: 10"); line-1 label = "Experience To Raise:";
    /// line-1 value = raise cost; line-2 label = "Unassigned Experience:";
    /// line-2 value = UnassignedXp.</para>
    ///
    /// <para>Footer element ids appear in THREE footer-state groups (0x10000240 State A,
    /// 0x10000241 State B, 0x10000247 State C). <c>_byId</c> stores the LAST duplicate,
    /// which is the State B/C copy with narrower labels (145px vs 195px in State A). To get
    /// the correct wide-label State A elements, we find the State A container directly and
    /// walk to the child elements by id within that subtree.</para>
    /// </summary>
    private static void BindFooterDynamic(
        ImportedLayout layout,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Func<CharacterSheet> data,
        CharacterStatTab[] activeTab,
        int[] attrSel,
        int[] skillSel,
        UiElement? contentPage = null)
    {
        // Walk the State A container (0x10000240) to find the wide-label copies of the
        // footer child elements. The 5 children of 0x10000240 at their LOCAL coords:
        //   title (0x1000024E):  Left=0, Top=0, W=300, H=55
        //   line-1 label (0x10000242): Left=5, Top=20, W=195 (State A wide) vs 145 (B/C narrow)
        //   line-1 value (0x10000243): Left=200, Top=20, W=95
        //   line-2 label (0x10000244): Left=5, Top=37, W=195 (State A wide) vs 145 (B/C narrow)
        //   line-2 value (0x10000245): Left=200, Top=37, W=95
        // The State B/C copies use narrower labels (145px) to accommodate raise buttons.
        //
        // IMPORTANT: The footer state id (0x10000240) appears once per tab-page sub-layout
        // (Attributes / Skills / Titles). layout._byId stores only the LAST registered copy,
        // which ends up in the LAST-imported tab page (Titles).  The page-visibility pass
        // hides the Titles page → the bound footer elements would be invisible.
        //
        // Fix: find State A/B inside the explicit Attributes page, not via _byId. The
        // id dictionary stores the last duplicate and can point at a hidden Skills/Titles
        // page copy.
        UiElement? stateA = contentPage is not null
            ? FindInSubtree(contentPage, static el => el is UiDatElement d && d.ElementId == FooterStateAId)
            : null;
        UiElement? stateB = contentPage is not null
            ? FindInSubtree(contentPage, static el => el is UiDatElement d && d.ElementId == FooterStateBId)
            : null;
        // Fallback: layout._byId (test layouts with a single page).
        stateA ??= layout.FindElement(FooterStateAId);
        stateB ??= layout.FindElement(FooterStateBId);

        // Position-based lookup within stateA's children.
        // If stateA is null or the element isn't found, falls back to layout._byId.
        UiText? ByPos(float top, float left, uint fallbackId)
        {
            if (stateA is not null)
            {
                foreach (var c in stateA.Children)
                    if (c is UiText t
                        && Math.Abs(c.Top  - top)  < 1f
                        && Math.Abs(c.Left - left) < 1f)
                        return t;
            }
            return layout.FindElement(fallbackId) as UiText;
        }

        // Title (Top=0, Left=0): State A = "Select an Attribute to Improve"; State B = "{name}: {value}"
        // Clear BackgroundSprite on the title element: it is H=55 (full footer height) in the dat
        // and its background sprite would cover the line-1/line-2 elements at local y=20/37.
        // The controller owns the footer visual; the dat sprite is superfluous here.
        var titleEl = ByPos(0f, 0f, FooterTitleId);
        if (titleEl is not null)
        {
            // The dat title element is H=55 (the full footer box). The dat says VJustify=Center, so
            // without an override the text would center vertically in the 55px box, overlapping
            // line-1/line-2 below. We set VerticalJustify=Top explicitly so the text renders at the
            // top of the 55px box (y≈Padding), keeping all three footer lines non-overlapping.
            // The dat says HJustify=Center (Centered=true from BuildText) — the title is centered.
            // BackgroundSprite cleared: its full-height sprite would cover line-1/line-2.
            titleEl.BackgroundSprite = 0;
            titleEl.VerticalJustify  = VJustify.Top;   // dat says Center; override to Top (see comment above)
            titleEl.OneLine          = true;
        }
        // Title (FooterTitle 0x1000024E, 20px from dat): pass null → keep dat font.
        // Fix C: the dat has a 20px font for the footer title. Let it drive.
        if (titleEl is not null)
        {
            // DatFont: null → keep the build-time dat font (20px in studio, global fallback in live game).
            // Centered=true comes from the dat (HJustify=Center) via BuildText — not overridden here.
            // RightAligned stays false (BuildText default for a Center element).
            titleEl.ClickThrough = true;
            titleEl.RunsProvider = () => BuildSelectedTitleRuns(
                titleEl,
                activeTab[0],
                data,
                attrSel,
                skillSel);
            titleEl.LinesProvider = () =>
            {
                string title = BuildSelectedTitleText(activeTab[0], data, attrSel, skillSel);
                bool nothingSelected = activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills
                    ? SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]) is null
                    : attrSel[0] < 0;
                // State B title is WHITE (retail confirmed); the "nothing
                // selected" prompt keeps the dimmer Body color.
                return new[] { new UiText.Line(title, nothingSelected ? Body : Vector4.One) };
            };
        }

        // Footer lines (all dat-origin with their own font sizes): pass null → keep dat font.
        var l1L = ByPos(20f, 5f, FooterLine1Label);
        LabelProvider(l1L, null, Body, () =>
        {
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
            {
                var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
                if (skill is null) return "Skill Credits Available:";
                return skill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained
                    ? "Experience To Raise:"
                    : "Skill Credits To Raise:";
            }

            return attrSel[0] < 0 ? "Skill Credits Available:" : "Experience To Raise:";
        });

        var l1V = ByPos(20f, 200f, FooterLine1Value);
        LabelProvider(l1V, null, Body, () =>
        {
            var sheet = data();
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
            {
                var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(sheet, skillSel[0]);
                if (skill is null) return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
                long skillCost = skill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained
                    ? skill.RaiseCost
                    : skill.TrainedCost;
                return skillCost > 0 ? FormatXp(skillCost) : "Infinity!";
            }

            if (attrSel[0] < 0) return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
            long cost = GetRaiseCost(sheet, attrSel[0]);
            return cost > 0 ? FormatXp(cost) : "Infinity!";
        });

        // Line-2 elements: pass null → keep dat font.
        var l2L = ByPos(37f, 5f, FooterLine2Label);
        LabelProvider(l2L, null, Body, () =>
        {
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
            {
                var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
                if (skill is not null && skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                    return "Skill Credits Available:";
            }
            return "Unassigned Experience:";
        });

        var l2V = ByPos(37f, 200f, FooterLine2Value);
        LabelProvider(l2V, null, Body, () =>
        {
            var sheet = data();
            if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
            {
                var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(sheet, skillSel[0]);
                if (skill is not null && skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                    return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
            }
            return FormatXp(sheet.UnassignedXp);
        });

        BindSelectedFooterState(stateB);

        UiText? TextById(UiElement? state, uint id)
            => state is null
                ? null
                : FindInSubtree(state, el => el is UiText t && t.ElementId == id) as UiText;

        void BindSelectedFooterState(UiElement? state)
        {
            var title = TextById(state, FooterTitleId);
            if (title is not null)
            {
                title.BackgroundSprite = 0;
                title.VerticalJustify = VJustify.Top;
                title.ClickThrough = true;
                title.LinesProvider = () =>
                {
                    string titleText = BuildSelectedTitleText(activeTab[0], data, attrSel, skillSel);
                    bool nothingSelected = activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills
                        ? SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]) is null
                        : attrSel[0] < 0;
                    return new[] { new UiText.Line(titleText, nothingSelected ? Body : Vector4.One) };
                };
            }

            LabelProvider(TextById(state, FooterLine1Label), null, Body, () =>
            {
                if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
                {
                    var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
                    if (skill is null) return "Skill Credits Available:";
                    return skill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained
                        ? "Experience To Raise:"
                        : "Skill Credits To Raise:";
                }

                return attrSel[0] < 0 ? "Skill Credits Available:" : "Experience To Raise:";
            });

            LabelProvider(TextById(state, FooterLine1Value), null, Body, () =>
            {
                var sheet = data();
                if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
                {
                    var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(sheet, skillSel[0]);
                    if (skill is null) return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
                    long skillCost = skill.AdvancementClass >= CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained
                        ? skill.RaiseCost
                        : skill.TrainedCost;
                    return skillCost > 0 ? FormatXp(skillCost) : "Infinity!";
                }

                if (attrSel[0] < 0) return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
                long cost = GetRaiseCost(sheet, attrSel[0]);
                return cost > 0 ? FormatXp(cost) : "Infinity!";
            });

            LabelProvider(TextById(state, FooterLine2Label), null, Body, () =>
            {
                if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
                {
                    var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(data(), skillSel[0]);
                    if (skill is not null && skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                        return "Skill Credits Available:";
                }
                return "Unassigned Experience:";
            });

            LabelProvider(TextById(state, FooterLine2Value), null, Body, () =>
            {
                var sheet = data();
                if (activeTab[0] == CharacterStatTab.Skills)
                {
                    var skill = SkillAtDisplayIndex(sheet, skillSel[0]);
                    if (skill is not null && skill.AdvancementClass < CharacterSkillAdvancementClass.Trained)
                        return sheet.SkillCredits.ToString();
                }
                return FormatXp(sheet.UnassignedXp);
            });
        }
    }

    // ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    private static void SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(
        UiElement node,
        uint targetId,
        AnchorEdges anchors)
    {
        if (node is UiDatElement d
            && d.ElementId == targetId
            && node.LayoutPolicy is null)
        {
            node.Anchors = anchors;
        }
        foreach (var child in node.Children)
            SetCompatibilityAnchorsAllById(child, targetId, anchors);
    }

    /// <summary>Depth-first search of <paramref name="node"/> and its descendants.
    /// Returns the first element for which <paramref name="predicate"/> returns true,
    /// or null if none found.</summary>
    private static UiElement? FindInSubtree(UiElement node, Func<UiElement, bool> predicate)
    {
        if (predicate(node)) return node;
        foreach (var child in node.Children)
        {
            var found = FindInSubtree(child, predicate);
            if (found is not null) return found;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static bool HasDatElementId(UiElement element, uint id)
        => DatElementId(element) == id;

    private static uint DatElementId(UiElement element)
    {
        // DatWidgetFactory assigns the canonical id on every imported widget,
        // including behavioral types such as UiScrollbar that do not expose a
        // type-specific ElementId property. Prefer it so subtree role lookup is
        // independent of the concrete widget class. The fallbacks keep the small
        // hand-built controller fixtures working when they construct widgets
        // directly instead of through the factory.
        if (element.DatElementId != 0u)
            return element.DatElementId;

        return element switch
        {
            UiDatElement datElement => datElement.ElementId,
            UiButton button => button.ElementId,
            UiMeter meter => meter.ElementId,
            UiText text => text.ElementId,
            _ => 0u,
        };
    }

    private static UiElement? FindElementByDatId(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id)
    {
        if (scope is not null)
        {
            var scoped = FindInSubtree(scope, el => HasDatElementId(el, id));
            if (scoped is not null)
                return scoped;
        }

        return layout.FindElement(id);
    }

    private static UiText? FindTextByDatId(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id)
        => FindElementByDatId(layout, scope, id) as UiText;

    private static UiElement? FindDirectChildById(UiElement? root, uint id)
    {
        if (root is null) return null;
        foreach (var child in root.Children)
        {
            if (DatElementId(child) == id)
                return child;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static void CollectElementsByDatId(UiElement node, uint id, List<UiElement> result)
    {
        if (DatElementId(node) == id)
            result.Add(node);
        foreach (var child in node.Children)
            CollectElementsByDatId(child, id, result);
    }

    private static void Label(ImportedLayout layout, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color, Func<string> text)
        => Label(layout, null, id, datFont, color, text);

    private static void Label(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color, Func<string> text)
    {
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, scope, id) is UiText t)
        {
            // Null = keep whatever the importer (dat FontDid resolver) set at build time.
            // Non-null = controller explicit override.
            if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
            t.Centered      = true;
            t.OneLine       = true;
            t.ClickThrough  = true;
            t.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(text(), color) };
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Retail-equivalent of <c>ExperienceSystem::XPToString</c>
    /// (<c>sprintf("%I64d", value)</c> → <c>GetNumberFormatA</c>'s
    /// locale-grouped-decimal formatting) — shared by every field that
    /// formats a retail XP-shaped 64-bit count: Total XP, XP-to-next-level,
    /// and (CT4 fix round, 2026-08-25) the luminance available/maximum pair.
    /// Retail text is US-formatted for everyone (the project's locale-
    /// independence rule), so this is <c>InvariantCulture</c>, not
    /// <c>CurrentCulture</c> — the pre-CT4-fix-round call sites used a bare
    /// <c>.ToString("N0")</c>, which silently followed the host OS locale.
    /// </summary>
    private static string FormatXp(long value) => value.ToString("N0", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

    /// <summary>
    /// Same binding shape as <see cref="Label"/>, but the per-line color is
    /// read from the widget's own <see cref="UiText.DefaultColor"/> — the
    /// value <c>DatWidgetFactory.BuildText</c> already seeded from the
    /// element's authored dat property 0x1B — instead of a caller-supplied
    /// constant. Campaign CT slice CT4 (2026-08-24): the header identity
    /// block's four elements (Name/Heritage/PkStatus/Level) all carry their
    /// own correct authored color (CT1's live-DAT pin), so "authored color
    /// wins" here is both simpler and more correct than hand-picking a
    /// runtime constant — the same precedent
    /// <see cref="CharacterTitlesController"/>'s row/display text already
    /// set (<c>rowText.DefaultColor</c>). CT4 fix-round consistency note
    /// (2026-08-25): this helper unconditionally forces
    /// <c>Centered = true</c>/<c>OneLine = true</c>, which is correct for
    /// the four elements it is actually called on (Name/Heritage/PkStatus/
    /// Level, all centered in the DAT), but would be WRONG for a
    /// left/right-justified authored element (e.g. the luminance pair,
    /// which is deliberately bound with its own inline LinesProvider below
    /// rather than through this helper, precisely to preserve its authored
    /// Left/Right justification). Left as-is rather than parameterizing
    /// Centered/OneLine, since no current caller needs the non-centered
    /// case — a future caller that does should not reuse this helper as-is.
    /// </summary>
    private static void LabelAuthoredColor(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Func<string> text)
    {
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, scope, id) is UiText t)
        {
            if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
            t.Centered      = true;
            t.OneLine       = true;
            t.ClickThrough  = true;
            t.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(text(), t.DefaultColor) };
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Two-line centered label. Provides TWO lines from LinesProvider so both
    /// fit side-by-side in a narrow element without truncation. The scroll path in
    /// <see cref="UiText"/> renders multiple lines oldest-first (top-to-bottom), so
    /// line 0 = <paramref name="line1"/> (top) and line 1 = <paramref name="line2"/> (bottom).
    /// This replaces the single-line "Character Level" caption which truncated in the 65px element.
    /// Source: retail spec (2026-06-26-character-window-retail-reference.md §State 1 level caption).</summary>
    private static void LabelTwoLine(ImportedLayout layout, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color,
        string line1, string line2)
        => LabelTwoLine(layout, null, id, datFont, color, line1, line2);

    private static void LabelTwoLine(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color,
        string line1, string line2)
    {
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, scope, id) is UiText t)
        {
            // Null = keep whatever the importer (dat FontDid resolver) set at build time.
            if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
            t.Centered      = false;      // non-Centered → scroll/multi-line path
            t.RightAligned  = false;
            t.ClickThrough  = true;
            t.Padding       = 1f;
            t.LinesProvider = () => new[]
            {
                new UiText.Line(line1, color),
                new UiText.Line(line2, color),
            };
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Left-justified label (for captions that should be left-aligned, not centered).
    /// Padding=0 so a single dat-font line (≈12px) fits cleanly in a small element without
    /// being clipped by the bottom-pin scroll math (top=Padding, bottom=H-Padding).</summary>
    private static void LabelLeft(ImportedLayout layout, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color, Func<string> text)
        => LabelLeft(layout, null, id, datFont, color, text);

    private static void LabelLeft(ImportedLayout layout, UiElement? scope, uint id, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color, Func<string> text)
    {
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, scope, id) is UiText t)
        {
            // Null = keep whatever the importer (dat FontDid resolver) set at build time.
            if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
            t.Centered      = false;
            t.RightAligned  = false;
            t.ClickThrough  = true;
            t.Padding       = 0f;   // avoid scroll clip in small-height header elements
            t.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(text(), color) };
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Right-justified numeric header value. The imported layout owns
    /// bounds/font; the controller owns runtime text and explicit justification.</summary>
    private static void LabelRight(
        ImportedLayout layout,
        UiElement? scope,
        uint id,
        UiDatFont? datFont,
        Vector4 color,
        Func<string> text)
    {
        if (FindTextByDatId(layout, scope, id) is UiText t)
        {
            if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
            t.Centered = false;
            t.RightAligned = true;
            t.OneLine = true;
            t.ClickThrough = true;
            t.Padding = 0f;
            t.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(text(), color) };
        }
    }

    /// <summary>Bind a directly-located <see cref="UiText"/> widget with a provider.
    /// Used when the widget was found by subtree walk rather than <c>FindElement</c>.
    /// Sets <c>Padding = 0</c> to prevent the scroll-clip from hiding text in small
    /// (H≈17–18px) footer elements: with the default Padding=4 and a dat font line-height
    /// of ~12px the bottom-pinned baseY ends up above the top clip boundary → blank.</summary>
    private static void LabelProvider(UiText? t, UiDatFont? datFont, Vector4 color, Func<string> text)
    {
        if (t is null) return;
        // Null = keep whatever the importer (dat FontDid resolver) set at build time.
        if (datFont is not null) t.DatFont = datFont;
        t.Centered      = false;
        t.RightAligned  = false;
        t.ClickThrough  = true;
        t.Padding       = 0f;
        t.LinesProvider = () => new[] { new UiText.Line(text(), color) };
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Depth-first tree walk to collect every <see cref="UiButton"/> that was registered
    /// in <paramref name="layout"/> under the given dat element <paramref name="id"/>.
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// The standard <see cref="ImportedLayout.FindElement"/> returns only the LAST widget
    /// registered for a given id; for elements duplicated across tab-page sub-layouts
    /// (raise buttons, close buttons) we need ALL copies so that visibility changes are
    /// reflected in every page — not just the last-mounted one.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// Implementation: walk the entire <paramref name="root"/> tree calling
    /// <see cref="ImportedLayout.FindElement"/> is not enough (it uses a dict). Instead we
    /// exploit the fact that identical element ids produce widgets that all share the SAME
    /// <see cref="UiButton"/> instance in <c>_byId</c> for THEIR copy; but siblings from
    /// different inheritance mounts are SEPARATE instances not in the same <c>_byId</c> slot.
    /// We therefore walk the tree recursively and collect every <see cref="UiButton"/> whose
    /// <c>ActiveState</c> reflects the dat default (before our code sets it), which is not a
    /// reliable discriminator.  Instead, we gather ALL <see cref="UiButton"/> instances from
    /// the subtree at the known spatial position (bottom of the panel) — but positions can
    /// overlap across pages.
    /// </para>
    ///
    /// <para>
    /// The correct approach: since <c>_byId</c> stores only one instance per id, we use the
    /// <see cref="ImportedLayout.FindElement"/> for the canonical id, then do a FULL tree walk
    /// to find ADDITIONAL <see cref="UiButton"/> instances that have identical Width×Height to
    /// the known button.  This works because the three page copies share the same dat template
    /// and thus the same geometry.  Collected via reference-equality guard to avoid duplicates.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    // Match by ElementId, not geometry: the x1 and x10 raise buttons are both 30x26.
    private static void CollectButtonsById(
        UiElement node,
        uint targetId,
        List<UiButton> result,
        ImportedLayout layout)
    {
        // Find the canonical copy (last registered in _byId) as the geometry reference.
        _ = layout;

        // Walk the tree and collect ALL UiButton instances matching the canonical geometry.
        // The canonical copy itself will also be found — that's fine; use a HashSet to dedup.
        var seen = new HashSet<UiButton>(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
        CollectMatchingButtons(node, targetId, seen, result);
    }

    private static void CollectMatchingButtons(
        UiElement node,
        uint targetId,
        HashSet<UiButton> seen,
        List<UiButton> result)
    {
        if (node is UiButton btn && btn.ElementId == targetId && seen.Add(btn))
        {
            result.Add(btn);
        }
        foreach (var child in node.Children)
            CollectMatchingButtons(child, targetId, seen, result);
    }

}