diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/FrameProfiler.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/FrameProfiler.cs
index 7d7df179..ce246725 100644
--- a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/FrameProfiler.cs
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/FrameProfiler.cs
@@ -82,6 +82,22 @@ internal sealed class FrameProfiler
         }
     }
 
+    // THROWAWAY per-frame CPU sub-phase timing for DrawInside. Gated on
+    // ACDREAM_FPS_PROF in {1,2}; run under =2 (no glFinish) so the DRAW phases
+    // measure pure CPU submission cost, not GPU. Read+cleared each Flush.
+    internal static readonly bool CpuPhaseEnabled =
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ACDREAM_FPS_PROF") is "1" or "2";
+    private static readonly Dictionary<string, (double sum, int n)> _cpuPhase = new();
+    private static readonly object _cpLock = new();
+    internal static void AddCpuPhase(string name, double ms)
+    {
+        lock (_cpLock)
+        {
+            var cur = _cpuPhase.TryGetValue(name, out var v) ? v : (sum: 0.0, n: 0);
+            _cpuPhase[name] = (cur.sum + ms, cur.n + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>Call at the very top of OnUpdate. Stamps the start of the update phase.</summary>
     public void MarkUpdateStart() => _updateStartMs = _clock.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds;
 
@@ -177,6 +193,18 @@ internal sealed class FrameProfiler
                 _rendererGpu.Clear();
             }
         }
+
+        lock (_cpLock)
+        {
+            if (_cpuPhase.Count > 0)
+            {
+                var parts = _cpuPhase
+                    .OrderByDescending(kv => kv.Value.sum)
+                    .Select(kv => $"{kv.Key}={kv.Value.sum / Math.Max(1, _flushFrames):F2}ms/frame (calls/frame={kv.Value.n / (double)Math.Max(1, _flushFrames):F1})");
+                Console.WriteLine("[CPU-PHASE] (DrawInside CPU ms/frame; =2 no-glFinish) " + string.Join("  ", parts));
+                _cpuPhase.Clear();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     private static (double p50, double p95, double min, double max) Stats(double[] src, int n)
diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs
index 3d37e743..6d599b95 100644
--- a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs
@@ -62,11 +62,17 @@ public sealed class GameWindow : IDisposable
     private double _lastFps = 60.0;
     private double _lastFrameMs = 16.7;
 
-    // THROWAWAY FPS-investigation apparatus (2026-06-23, ACDREAM_FPS_PROF=1):
+    // THROWAWAY FPS-investigation apparatus (2026-06-23):
     // frame-level CPU/GPU/wall profiler to find the dense-town bottleneck. See
     // FrameProfiler. Lazy-constructed on first OnRender once _gl is live.
+    //   ACDREAM_FPS_PROF=1 — whole-frame query + per-pass glFinish brackets
+    //     ([PASS-GPU]); the glFinish SERIALIZES the pipe so cpuRender/gpu/wall
+    //     collapse together — relative per-pass attribution only.
+    //   ACDREAM_FPS_PROF=2 — whole-frame TimeElapsed query ONLY, NO per-pass
+    //     glFinish (PassGpuEnabled stays "1"-gated). This is the honest CPU-vs-GPU
+    //     split: gpu≈wall+present>0 ⇒ GPU-bound; cpuRender≈wall+present≈0 ⇒ CPU-bound.
     private readonly bool _fpsProf =
-        string.Equals(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ACDREAM_FPS_PROF"), "1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ACDREAM_FPS_PROF") is "1" or "2";
     private FrameProfiler? _frameProfiler;
     private int _msaaSamples;
 
diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs
index 2b93c862..dae38278 100644
--- a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs
@@ -65,6 +65,18 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewRenderer
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(ctx);
 
+        // THROWAWAY CPU sub-phase timing (ACDREAM_FPS_PROF=2 clean-split): attribute
+        // which CPU phase of DrawInside eats the dense-town frame. Strip with the FPS
+        // apparatus (plan Task 5). Zero-alloc: GetTimestamp/GetElapsedTime + a direct-
+        // call local fn (struct closure over _ts, never a delegate).
+        long _ts = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
+        void Phase(string n)
+        {
+            if (FrameProfiler.CpuPhaseEnabled)
+                FrameProfiler.AddCpuPhase(n, System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetElapsedTime(_ts).TotalMilliseconds);
+            _ts = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();
+        }
+
         var pvFrame = PortalVisibilityBuilder.Build(
             ctx.RootCell,
             ctx.ViewerEyePos,
@@ -101,9 +113,11 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewRenderer
             && ctx.NearbyBuildingCells is not null
             && pvFrame.OutsideView.Polygons.Count > 0)
             BuildInteriorRootLookIns(ctx, pvFrame);
+        Phase("flood");
 
         var clipAssembly = ClipFrameAssembler.Assemble(_clipFrame, pvFrame);
         UploadClipFrame(ctx.SetTerrainClipUbo);
+        Phase("assemble");
 
         // R1: draw EVERY visible cell (retail cell_draw_list), not only the cells the
         // assembler handed a clip-slot. This feeds the Prepare filter + entity partition,
@@ -136,6 +150,7 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewRenderer
             centerLbX: ctx.RenderCenterLbX,
             centerLbY: ctx.RenderCenterLbY,
             renderRadius: ctx.RenderRadius);
+        Phase("prepare");
 
         var partition = InteriorEntityPartition.Partition(prepareCells, ctx.LandblockEntries);
         var result = new RetailPViewFrameResult
@@ -189,12 +204,18 @@ public sealed class RetailPViewRenderer
             }
         }
 
+        Phase("partition");
         DrawLandscapeThroughOutsideView(ctx, clipAssembly, partition, viewcone);
+        Phase("landscape");
         UseIndoorMembershipOnlyRouting();
         DrawExitPortalMasks(ctx, pvFrame, clipAssembly, drawableCells);
+        Phase("portalmask");
         DrawEnvCellShells(pvFrame);
+        Phase("shells");
         DrawCellObjectLists(ctx, pvFrame, clipAssembly, drawableCells, partition, viewcone);
+        Phase("cellobjects");
         DrawDynamicsLast(ctx, partition, viewcone, ctx.RootCell.IsOutdoorNode);
+        Phase("dynamics");
 
         return result;
     }