diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/.gitkeep b/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/.gitkeep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjMesh.cs b/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjMesh.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31e6309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjMesh.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.Core.Terrain;
+using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Meshing;
+
+public static class GfxObjMesh
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Walk a GfxObj's polygons and produce one <see cref="GfxObjSubMesh"/>
+    /// per referenced Surface. Polygons are triangulated as fans.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static IReadOnlyList<GfxObjSubMesh> Build(GfxObj gfxObj)
+    {
+        // Group output vertices and indices per surface index.
+        var perSurface = new Dictionary<int, (List<Vertex> Vertices, List<uint> Indices, Dictionary<(int pos, int uv), uint> Dedupe)>();
+
+        foreach (var kvp in gfxObj.Polygons)
+        {
+            var poly = kvp.Value;
+
+            if (poly.VertexIds.Count < 3)
+                continue;  // degenerate
+
+            int surfaceIdx = poly.PosSurface;
+            if (surfaceIdx < 0 || surfaceIdx >= gfxObj.Surfaces.Count)
+                continue;  // out of range surface
+
+            if (!perSurface.TryGetValue(surfaceIdx, out var bucket))
+            {
+                bucket = (new List<Vertex>(), new List<uint>(), new Dictionary<(int, int), uint>());
+                perSurface[surfaceIdx] = bucket;
+            }
+
+            // Collect output vertex indices for this polygon.
+            var polyOut = new List<uint>(poly.VertexIds.Count);
+            bool skipPoly = false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < poly.VertexIds.Count; i++)
+            {
+                int posIdx = poly.VertexIds[i];
+                int uvIdx = i < poly.PosUVIndices.Count ? poly.PosUVIndices[i] : 0;
+
+                if (!gfxObj.VertexArray.Vertices.TryGetValue((ushort)posIdx, out var sw))
+                {
+                    skipPoly = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                var texcoord = uvIdx >= 0 && uvIdx < sw.UVs.Count
+                    ? new Vector2(sw.UVs[uvIdx].U, sw.UVs[uvIdx].V)
+                    : Vector2.Zero;
+
+                var key = (posIdx, uvIdx);
+                if (!bucket.Dedupe.TryGetValue(key, out var outIdx))
+                {
+                    outIdx = (uint)bucket.Vertices.Count;
+                    bucket.Vertices.Add(new Vertex(sw.Origin, sw.Normal, texcoord));
+                    bucket.Dedupe[key] = outIdx;
+                }
+                polyOut.Add(outIdx);
+            }
+
+            if (skipPoly || polyOut.Count < 3)
+                continue;
+
+            // Fan triangulation: (v0, v1, v2), (v0, v2, v3), ...
+            for (int i = 1; i < polyOut.Count - 1; i++)
+            {
+                bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[0]);
+                bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i]);
+                bucket.Indices.Add(polyOut[i + 1]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Emit one sub-mesh per surface.
+        var result = new List<GfxObjSubMesh>(perSurface.Count);
+        foreach (var kvp in perSurface)
+        {
+            var surfaceId = (uint)gfxObj.Surfaces[kvp.Key];
+            result.Add(new GfxObjSubMesh(
+                SurfaceId: surfaceId,
+                Vertices: kvp.Value.Vertices.ToArray(),
+                Indices: kvp.Value.Indices.ToArray()));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjSubMesh.cs b/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjSubMesh.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c399e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/GfxObjSubMesh.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Terrain;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Meshing;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// One sub-mesh of a GfxObj: a vertex+index buffer that uses a single Surface.
+/// A GfxObj with multiple surfaces produces multiple sub-meshes.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed record GfxObjSubMesh(
+    uint SurfaceId,
+    Vertex[] Vertices,
+    uint[] Indices);
diff --git a/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Meshing/GfxObjMeshTests.cs b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Meshing/GfxObjMeshTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c80bbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Meshing/GfxObjMeshTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.Core.Meshing;
+using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
+using DatReaderWriter.Enums;
+using DatReaderWriter.Lib;
+using DatReaderWriter.Types;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Tests.Meshing;
+
+public class GfxObjMeshTests
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Build a minimal GfxObj fixture with a single triangle using surface index 0.
+    /// Three unique positions, one UV slot each.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static GfxObj BuildSingleTriangle()
+    {
+        var gfx = new GfxObj
+        {
+            Surfaces = { 0x08000000u },  // synthetic surface id
+            VertexArray = new VertexArray
+            {
+                VertexType = VertexType.CSWVertexType,
+                Vertices =
+                {
+                    [0] = new SWVertex
+                    {
+                        Origin = new Vector3(0, 0, 0),
+                        Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, 1),
+                        UVs = { new Vec2Duv { U = 0, V = 0 } },
+                    },
+                    [1] = new SWVertex
+                    {
+                        Origin = new Vector3(1, 0, 0),
+                        Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, 1),
+                        UVs = { new Vec2Duv { U = 1, V = 0 } },
+                    },
+                    [2] = new SWVertex
+                    {
+                        Origin = new Vector3(0, 1, 0),
+                        Normal = new Vector3(0, 0, 1),
+                        UVs = { new Vec2Duv { U = 0, V = 1 } },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            Polygons =
+            {
+                [0] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    NegSurface = -1,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1, 2 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0, 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        };
+        return gfx;
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_SingleTriangle_ProducesOneSubMeshOneTriangle()
+    {
+        var gfx = BuildSingleTriangle();
+
+        var subs = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx);
+
+        var sub = Assert.Single(subs);
+        Assert.Equal(0x08000000u, sub.SurfaceId);
+        Assert.Equal(3, sub.Vertices.Length);
+        Assert.Equal(3, sub.Indices.Length);  // one triangle, 3 indices
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_SingleTriangle_CopiesPositionsNormalsAndUVs()
+    {
+        var gfx = BuildSingleTriangle();
+
+        var sub = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx).Single();
+
+        // Indices point at unique vertices; collect them in order.
+        var vAtIdx0 = sub.Vertices[sub.Indices[0]];
+        var vAtIdx1 = sub.Vertices[sub.Indices[1]];
+        var vAtIdx2 = sub.Vertices[sub.Indices[2]];
+
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), vAtIdx0.Position);
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), vAtIdx1.Position);
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), vAtIdx2.Position);
+
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector3(0, 0, 1), vAtIdx0.Normal);
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector2(0, 0), vAtIdx0.TexCoord);
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector2(1, 0), vAtIdx1.TexCoord);
+        Assert.Equal(new Vector2(0, 1), vAtIdx2.TexCoord);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_Quad_IsTriangulatedAsFan()
+    {
+        // Single quad polygon with 4 vertices -> 2 triangles, 6 indices.
+        var gfx = new GfxObj
+        {
+            Surfaces = { 0x08000000u },
+            VertexArray = new VertexArray
+            {
+                Vertices =
+                {
+                    [0] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [1] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [2] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 1, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [3] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 1, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                },
+            },
+            Polygons =
+            {
+                [0] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1, 2, 3 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        };
+
+        var sub = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx).Single();
+
+        Assert.Equal(4, sub.Vertices.Length);
+        Assert.Equal(6, sub.Indices.Length);  // 2 triangles
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_SamePositionDifferentUVs_DuplicatesOutputVertices()
+    {
+        // One vertex has two different UV slots. Each (posIdx, uvIdx) combo
+        // becomes a distinct output vertex.
+        var gfx = new GfxObj
+        {
+            Surfaces = { 0x08000000u },
+            VertexArray = new VertexArray
+            {
+                Vertices =
+                {
+                    [0] = new SWVertex
+                    {
+                        Origin = new(0, 0, 0),
+                        UVs =
+                        {
+                            new Vec2Duv { U = 0, V = 0 },
+                            new Vec2Duv { U = 1, V = 1 },
+                        },
+                    },
+                    [1] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [2] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 1, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                },
+            },
+            Polygons =
+            {
+                [0] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1, 2 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0, 0 },
+                },
+                [1] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1, 2 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 1, 0, 0 },  // same positions, different UV on vert 0
+                },
+            },
+        };
+
+        var sub = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx).Single();
+
+        // vert 0 has two different UV slots → 2 output vertices for pos 0
+        // vert 1 + 2 unique → 2 more output vertices
+        // total: 4 output vertices
+        Assert.Equal(4, sub.Vertices.Length);
+        Assert.Equal(6, sub.Indices.Length);  // 2 triangles
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_MultipleSurfaces_ProducesMultipleSubMeshes()
+    {
+        // 2 polygons, 2 surfaces → 2 sub-meshes.
+        var gfx = new GfxObj
+        {
+            Surfaces = { 0x08000001u, 0x08000002u },
+            VertexArray = new VertexArray
+            {
+                Vertices =
+                {
+                    [0] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [1] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [2] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 1, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [3] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 1, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                },
+            },
+            Polygons =
+            {
+                [0] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1, 2 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0, 0 },
+                },
+                [1] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 1,
+                    VertexIds = { 1, 3, 2 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0, 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        };
+
+        var subs = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx);
+
+        Assert.Equal(2, subs.Count);
+        Assert.Contains(subs, s => s.SurfaceId == 0x08000001u);
+        Assert.Contains(subs, s => s.SurfaceId == 0x08000002u);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Build_DegeneratePolygonWithTwoVertices_Skipped()
+    {
+        var gfx = new GfxObj
+        {
+            Surfaces = { 0x08000000u },
+            VertexArray = new VertexArray
+            {
+                Vertices =
+                {
+                    [0] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(0, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                    [1] = new SWVertex { Origin = new(1, 0, 0), UVs = { new Vec2Duv() } },
+                },
+            },
+            Polygons =
+            {
+                [0] = new Polygon
+                {
+                    PosSurface = 0,
+                    VertexIds = { 0, 1 },
+                    PosUVIndices = { 0, 0 },
+                },
+            },
+        };
+
+        var subs = GfxObjMesh.Build(gfx);
+
+        Assert.Empty(subs);  // no valid polygons → no sub-meshes
+    }
+}