docs: spec — verbatim retail indoor render port (DrawInside/DrawCells)
Design for replacing the indoor render approximation layer with a verbatim port of retail PView::DrawCells (0x5a4840). Locates the grey/bleed in the ClipFrameAssembler slot-pool + drawableCells filter (RetailPViewRenderer.cs:52/237): visible cells without a clip-slot are dropped (grey) and the per-cell trim was globally disabled (bleed). Plan: draw EVERY OrderedVisibleCells cell, trim shells per-slice via ClipPlaneSet gl_ClipDistance, draw objects membership+depth gated (no hard clip → no half-character). Scope A+B (DrawInside + look-in DrawPortal); keeps the faithful PortalVisibilityBuilder + ProjectToClip/ClipToRegion ported this session. Local commit only (not pushed). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# Verbatim Retail Indoor Render Port (`DrawInside` / `DrawCells`) — Design — 2026-06-06
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> **Why this exists.** Two weeks of patching the indoor renderer have not produced
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> retail's seamless inside↔outside↔inside behavior. The interior **walls/floor render
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> grey** (the clear color shows through) and geometry **bleeds** between cells. Every
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> attempt kept an *approximation layer* over retail's membership logic and patched its
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> symptoms. This spec stops that: it ports retail's `DrawCells` **verbatim at the
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> algorithm level** and **deletes the approximation layer** that keeps reintroducing the
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> bug. Scope agreed with the user: **A + B** (indoor seal + look-out, plus look-in from
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> outside). The outdoor `LScape` branch is out of scope — it already works.
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> **Worktree:** `thirsty-goldberg-51bb9b`, branch `claude/thirsty-goldberg-51bb9b`,
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> HEAD `8116d10`. PowerShell on Windows; launch logs are UTF-16. Do NOT branch/worktree,
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> push, or `git stash`/`gc`.
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---
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## 1. The problem, located in the code
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The indoor draw lives in `RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside` (`src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs`).
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Its loop *structure* already mirrors retail (landscape → exit masks → shells → objects,
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reverse `OrderedVisibleCells`, per-cell, per-slice). **Two things defeat it:**
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1. **Dropped shells → grey.** `RetailPViewRenderer.cs:52`
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`drawableCells = clipAssembly.CellIdToSlot.Keys`, and every loop does
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`if (!drawableCells.Contains(cellId)) continue;`. A visible cell is drawn **only if
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`ClipFrameAssembler` assigned it a clip-slot.** Any cell whose view did not yield a
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slot is silently skipped → its sealed shell is never drawn → the clear color shows →
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**grey**. Retail draws **every** cell in `cell_draw_list`.
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2. **No trim → bleed (and the half-character).** `RetailPViewRenderer.cs:237` `UseIndoorMembershipOnlyRouting()`
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sets `_envCells.SetClipRouting(null)` — the per-cell trim was **globally disabled** as
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an emergency fix for "characters/shells sliced at stair/door boundaries." So cells that
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*do* draw are not trimmed to the opening they're seen through → geometry bleeds; and the
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reason it had to be disabled is the clip was being applied to **objects/characters**
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(which retail never hard-clips), slicing them.
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Both failure modes come from the `ClipFrameAssembler` slot-pool + `drawableCells` filter
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sitting on top of the (faithful) membership. **That layer is the "bad code."**
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## 2. What retail does (the oracle)
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From the named decomp (Sept 2013 EoR). `SmartBox::RenderNormalMode` (0x453aa0) branches on
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`is_player_outside`: outside → `LScape::draw`; inside → `DrawInside(viewer_cell)`.
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`PView::DrawInside` (0x5a5860) seeds the root cell's view to the full screen, then runs two
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phases:
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- **`ConstructView` (0x5a57b0)** — build membership. Distance-priority flood from the root;
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each popped cell is **appended to `cell_draw_list`** (once); `ClipPortals` clips its
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portals against its view; `AddViewToPortals` propagates the clipped openings to neighbours
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and enqueues new ones. `cell_draw_list` is the **single** membership source.
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- **`DrawCells` (0x5a4840)** — draw, three loops over **reverse** `cell_draw_list` (far→near):
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- **Landscape:** if `outside_view.view_count > 0` → `LScape::draw` clipped to `outside_view`,
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then `Clear(DEPTH)`.
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- **Loop 1 — exit-portal masks:** per cell, per `portal_view` slice: `setup_view(cell, slice)`;
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for each exit portal `DrawPortalPolyInternal` (depth mask for the opening).
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- **Loop 2 — shells:** per cell, per slice: `setup_view(cell, slice)`; `DrawEnvCell(cell)`
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— the **closed cell mesh** (walls/floor/ceiling), hard-clipped to the slice.
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- **Loop 3 — objects:** per cell: `Render::PortalList = cell.portal_view[last]`;
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`DrawObjCellForDummies(cell)` — the cell's objects, **visibility-gated by the portal view,
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not hard-clipped** (so whole creatures are never sliced).
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The trim mechanism is `setup_view` + `polyClipFinish` (0x6b6d00): clip geometry to the
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slice's **convex screen region** (CPU, every frame). The two facts that make retail seamless:
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**(i)** every `cell_draw_list` cell gets its closed shell drawn (it seals); **(ii)** shells are
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hard-clipped per-slice, objects are only visibility-gated.
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## 3. Goal & success criteria
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- Standing **anywhere inside** (room, cellar, on stairs), the interior is **sealed**: no grey,
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no see-through walls, cellar floor + stairs present, character whole.
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- **Seamless transitions:** room↔room, room↔cellar, outside→inside (walk in), and **look-in**
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from outside through an open door (B).
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- **Look-out:** windows/doors show the outdoor world through the opening.
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- The draw is a **literal translation** of `DrawCells` (every visible cell's shell, per-slice
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trim on shells only, objects visibility-gated), with the slot-pool/filter layer **deleted**.
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- Acceptance is **visual** (the user's eyes) — pure logic is unit-tested, the draw is GPU.
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Non-goals: rewriting the outdoor `LScape` branch; fixing any residual texture-pipeline issue
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that survives a correct seal (would be a separate, evidence-led follow-up).
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## 4. Architecture
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The pipeline is one binary branch (retail `RenderNormalMode`), already in place at
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`GameWindow.cs:7343`: `ShouldRenderIndoor` → indoor `DrawInside` vs outdoor `LScape` +
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look-in `DrawPortal`. This spec rewrites the **indoor draw body** and the **look-in body**;
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it does not change the branch or the outdoor body.
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### 4.1 Components
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| Unit | Role | Change |
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|---|---|---|
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| `PortalVisibilityBuilder` → `PortalVisibilityFrame.OrderedVisibleCells` + per-cell `CellView` | retail `ConstructView` / `cell_draw_list` + `portal_view` | **KEEP** (faithful, unit-tested) |
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| `PortalProjection.ProjectToClip` / `ClipToRegion` | retail `GetClip` / `polyClipFinish` (homogeneous) | **KEEP** (ported this session) |
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| `ClipPlaneSet.From(CellView)` | NDC convex region → ≤8 `gl_ClipDistance` planes / scissor AABB / nothing-visible | **KEEP**, call **per slice** |
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| `EnvCellRenderer.Render(pass, {cellId})` | draw one cell's closed shell | **KEEP**; drive per-cell, per-slice |
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| `WbDrawDispatcher.Draw(...)` | draw entity meshes | **KEEP**; drive per-cell, **no clip** |
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| `ClipFrame` | upload clip region to the shader (SSBO) + terrain clip UBO | **SIMPLIFY** to one region (the current slice) |
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| `RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside` / `DrawPortal` | the indoor / look-in orchestration | **REWRITE** to the verbatim `DrawCells` loop |
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| `ClipFrameAssembler` (+ `ClipFrameAssemblerTests`) | the slot-pool that produces `CellIdToSlot` / `ClipViewSlice[]` | **DELETE** |
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| `drawableCells` filter | "draw only cells with a slot" | **DELETE** (draw all `OrderedVisibleCells`) |
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| `UseIndoorMembershipOnlyRouting` / clip-off compromise | globally disables the trim | **DELETE** |
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| `InteriorEntityPartition` | bucket entities by cell | **KEEP** as the cell→objects map (not as an eligibility filter); call with **all** visible cells |
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| `InteriorRenderer` | outdoor entity-bucket wrapper | **KEEP** (outdoor path) — re-evaluate if it becomes dead |
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### 4.2 The new `DrawCells` loop (verbatim translation)
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`RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside(viewerCell)` becomes, in pseudocode:
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```
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frame = PortalVisibilityBuilder.Build(viewerCell, eye, lookup, viewProj) // cell_draw_list + per-cell CellView
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cells = frame.OrderedVisibleCells // NO drawableCells filter
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objectsByCell = InteriorEntityPartition.Partition(cells, landblockEntries).ByCell
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// --- Landscape through outside_view (look-out) ---
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if frame.OutsideView not empty:
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for slice in frame.OutsideView.Polygons:
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setSliceClip(slice) // ClipPlaneSet.From(slice-as-CellView)
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drawLandscapeSlice(slice) // GameWindow callback (terrain/sky/scenery clipped to slice)
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clearDepth(outsideView bounds)
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// --- Loop 1: exit-portal depth masks (only needed with look-out) ---
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for cell in reverse(cells) where cell.drawing_bsp:
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for slice in cell.CellView.Polygons:
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setSliceClip(slice); drawExitPortalMasks(cell) // depth-only, punches the openings
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// --- Loop 2: SHELLS (the seal) ---
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for cell in reverse(cells) where cell.drawing_bsp:
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for slice in cell.CellView.Polygons:
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planes = ClipPlaneSet.From(singlePolygonRegion(slice)) // <=8 planes, or scissor, or nothing
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if planes.IsNothingVisible: continue
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applyShellClip(planes) // gl_ClipDistance (or scissor)
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EnvCellRenderer.Render(Opaque, {cell}); Render(Transparent, {cell})
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clearShellClip()
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// --- Loop 3: OBJECTS (no hard clip) ---
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for cell in reverse(cells):
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if objectsByCell[cell] empty: continue
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WbDrawDispatcher.Draw(objectsByCell[cell], frustum, animatedIds) // depth + frustum + membership; NO clip
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drawCellParticles(cell)
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```
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Two differences from retail are intentional GL adaptations, both faithful in result:
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- **Trim is `gl_ClipDistance` (set per slice), not CPU `polyClipFinish`.** Same convex-region
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clip; `ClipPlaneSet.From` already produces the planes. A slice that exceeds 8 edges degrades
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to its scissor AABB (over-includes a sliver, never drops geometry).
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- **Objects are membership-gated, not hard-clipped.** Retail visibility-tests objects against
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`PortalList`; we draw the cell's objects (depth + frustum) without clip planes — this is what
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prevents the half-character. (A per-object portal-view visibility test is a possible future
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refinement if objects visibly poke past a doorway; the cell shells + depth occlude most cases.)
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### 4.3 Look-in (B) — `DrawPortal`
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Identical loop, seeded by `PortalVisibilityBuilder.BuildFromExterior` (exterior-facing portals)
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instead of the root cell. It reuses Loops 1–3 unchanged; there is no second draw engine. Runs in
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the outdoor branch after `LScape`, before scene particles, exactly where it is wired today
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(`GameWindow.cs:7552`).
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### 4.4 Clip application detail
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`setSliceClip` / `applyShellClip` turn one `ClipPlaneSet` into GPU state:
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- `Count > 0` → upload the ≤8 planes (one region, slot 0) and enable that many `gl_ClipDistance`
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outputs; the existing mesh/terrain shaders already read a clip region and write
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`gl_ClipDistance`, so the shader side is unchanged — only the *feed* shrinks from a slot pool
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to one region.
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- `UseScissorFallback` → `glScissor` to `ScissorNdcAabb` (mapped to pixels), no clip planes.
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- `IsNothingVisible` → draw nothing for that slice.
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`clearShellClip` disables all `gl_ClipDistance` + scissor so Loop 3 (objects) and downstream
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passes are unclipped.
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## 5. Data flow (per indoor frame)
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```
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ShouldRenderIndoor(player) == true
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→ RetailPViewRenderer.DrawInside(viewerCell, eye, viewProj, callbacks)
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Build → cells + per-cell CellView + OutsideView
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InteriorEntityPartition → objectsByCell
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look-out: per OutsideView slice → setSliceClip → DrawLandscapeSlice (GameWindow GL callback) → clearDepth
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Loop1 exit masks (reverse cells, per slice)
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Loop2 shells (reverse cells, per slice, clip ON) → EnvCellRenderer.Render({cell})
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Loop3 objects (reverse cells, clip OFF) → WbDrawDispatcher.Draw + DrawCellParticles
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```
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GameWindow keeps providing the GL-bound callbacks it already passes today
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(`DrawLandscapeSlice`, `ClearDepthSlice`, `DrawCellParticles`, `EmitDiagnostics`); only their
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*orchestration* inside `RetailPViewRenderer` changes.
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## 6. Error handling / edge cases
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- **Empty `CellView` for a visible cell** (`ClipPlaneSet.IsNothingVisible`): skip that slice's
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draw, but the cell may still draw via its other slices. (A cell with *no* non-empty slice is
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effectively not visible — consistent with retail, where it would not be in `cell_draw_list`.)
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- **Slice > 8 edges:** scissor-AABB fallback (over-include, never drop). Expected to be rare
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(a single doorway opening is ~4–6 edges).
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- **Eye standing in a portal / behind-eye portal:** handled upstream by the faithful
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`ProjectToClip` (eye-plane clip) + the existing `EyeInsidePortalOpening` flood gate in the
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builder — unchanged by this spec.
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- **No exit portal:** `OutsideView` empty → no landscape/look-out, no depth-clear; interior still
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fully sealed by Loop 2.
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## 7. Testing
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- **Unit (already green, must stay):** `PortalVisibilityBuilderTests` (membership/cell list),
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`PortalProjectionTests` (clip math), `ClipPlaneSet` behavior. App suite baseline 205/205.
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- **New unit:** the `DrawCells` orchestration is GL-bound, so extract the pure decision —
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*"which (cell, slice) pairs are drawn, in what order"* — into a testable function over a
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`PortalVisibilityFrame`, and assert: (a) **every** `OrderedVisibleCells` cell with a non-empty
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view appears in the shell pass (regression test for the grey: no cell is dropped); (b) reverse
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(far→near) order; (c) objects pass has no clip state. This pins the two bugs from §1 as tests.
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- **Integration:** visual, with light `[shell]`/`[vis]` probes confirming `draw=[…]` equals the
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visible-cell set (no cell dropped) at the cottage + cellar. **Acceptance is the user's eyes**
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on a sealed cottage + cellar with seamless transitions.
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## 8. Risks & mitigations
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- **Per-slice shell clip re-slices shells at boundaries** (the symptom that caused the emergency
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clip-off). Mitigation: the slices now come from the *faithful* `ClipToRegion` (not the old
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degenerate projection), and **only shells are clipped** (objects never are). If a shell still
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gaps, that is a too-small slice — a visible, localized clip-math case to fix, **not** a return
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to dropping cells.
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- **Texture-pipeline grey could survive a correct seal.** HEAD's commit notes "interior walls
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grey." If, after every visible cell's shell draws, walls are still untextured (vs. clear-color
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grey), that is a *separate* surface/texture bug (out of scope here) — but the seal must be
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correct first to even tell the two apart.
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- **Per-cell draw-call count.** Indoor frames have a handful of visible cells × a few slices →
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tens of draws, not thousands. Acceptable; matches retail's per-cell-per-slice cadence.
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## 9. File-level change list
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- **Rewrite:** `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/RetailPViewRenderer.cs` (the `DrawCells` loop;
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delete `drawableCells`, `UseIndoorMembershipOnlyRouting`, slot routing).
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- **Delete:** `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/ClipFrameAssembler.cs` +
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`tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/ClipFrameAssemblerTests.cs`; the `ClipViewSlice`/slot types
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if unused after the rewrite.
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- **Simplify:** `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/ClipFrame.cs` (one region per slice, no slot pool);
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`src/AcDream.App/Rendering/ClipPlaneSet.cs` stays as-is (already does the per-slice math);
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`EnvCellRenderer` / `WbDrawDispatcher` clip-routing API trimmed to "set one region / clear".
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- **Keep, re-purpose:** `InteriorEntityPartition` (cell→objects map for all visible cells).
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- **Light touch:** `GameWindow.cs` indoor/look-in call sites (callbacks unchanged; remove
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references to deleted types).
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- **Untouched:** `PortalVisibilityBuilder`, `PortalProjection`, the outdoor `LScape` branch,
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`SkyRenderer`, `TerrainModernRenderer`, `ParticleRenderer`.
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## 10. Decomp references
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- `SmartBox::RenderNormalMode` 0x453aa0 — the `is_player_outside` branch.
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- `PView::DrawInside` 0x5a5860 — seed full-screen view, `ConstructView`, `DrawCells`.
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- `PView::ConstructView` 0x5a57b0 — `cell_draw_list` build (= `OrderedVisibleCells`).
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- `PView::DrawCells` 0x5a4840 — the three loops (this spec's §4.2).
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- `CEnvCell::setup_view` / `ACRender::polyClipFinish` 0x6b6d00 — per-slice convex clip (= `ClipPlaneSet` + `gl_ClipDistance`).
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- `RenderDeviceD3D::DrawObjCellForDummies` 0x5a0760 — objects gated by `PortalList`, not hard-clipped.
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- `PView::GetClip` 0x5a4320 / `PrimD3DRender::xformStart` 0x59b990 — homogeneous projection (= `ProjectToClip`).
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## 11. Prior art / context
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- `docs/research/2026-06-05-shell-sealing-cellar-floor-handoff.md` — the grey = shell-sealing /
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flood-root, **not** the projection; "draw every visible cell's shell."
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- `docs/research/2026-06-06-retail-pview-renderer-replacement-attempts-handoff.md` — the attempt
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history (the slot-pool/filter layer this spec deletes).
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- `docs/research/2026-06-05-retail-pview-indoor-render-pseudocode.md` — the `DrawCells` model.
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- This session: `PortalProjection.ProjectToClip`/`ClipToRegion` (homogeneous `GetClip` port) +
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`PortalVisibilityBuilder` made faithful — the membership + clip-math this draw builds on.
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