diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/.gitkeep b/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/.gitkeep
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/DecodedTexture.cs b/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/DecodedTexture.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..130cecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/DecodedTexture.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+namespace AcDream.Core.Textures;
+
+public sealed record DecodedTexture(byte[] Rgba8, int Width, int Height)
+{
+    /// <summary>1x1 magenta fallback for missing/unsupported textures.</summary>
+    public static readonly DecodedTexture Magenta = new(
+        Rgba8: [0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF],
+        Width: 1,
+        Height: 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/SurfaceDecoder.cs b/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/SurfaceDecoder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481b947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.Core/Textures/SurfaceDecoder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using BCnEncoder.Decoder;
+using BCnEncoder.Shared;
+using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
+using DatReaderWriter.Enums;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Textures;
+
+public static class SurfaceDecoder
+{
+    private static readonly BcDecoder BcDecoder = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Decode a RenderSurface's pixel bytes into RGBA8. Returns <see cref="DecodedTexture.Magenta"/>
+    /// for unsupported formats, null data, or corrupt sizing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static DecodedTexture DecodeRenderSurface(RenderSurface rs)
+    {
+        if (rs.SourceData is null || rs.Width <= 0 || rs.Height <= 0)
+            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;
+
+        try
+        {
+            return rs.Format switch
+            {
+                PixelFormat.PFID_A8R8G8B8 => DecodeA8R8G8B8(rs),
+                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT1 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc1),
+                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT3 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc2),
+                PixelFormat.PFID_DXT5 => DecodeBc(rs, CompressionFormat.Bc3),
+                _ => DecodedTexture.Magenta,
+            };
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static DecodedTexture DecodeA8R8G8B8(RenderSurface rs)
+    {
+        int expected = rs.Width * rs.Height * 4;
+        if (rs.SourceData.Length < expected)
+            return DecodedTexture.Magenta;
+
+        var rgba = new byte[expected];
+        // Source layout per pixel: B, G, R, A → swap to R, G, B, A
+        for (int i = 0; i < rs.Width * rs.Height; i++)
+        {
+            int s = i * 4;
+            rgba[s + 0] = rs.SourceData[s + 2];  // R <- R
+            rgba[s + 1] = rs.SourceData[s + 1];  // G <- G
+            rgba[s + 2] = rs.SourceData[s + 0];  // B <- B
+            rgba[s + 3] = rs.SourceData[s + 3];  // A <- A
+        }
+        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
+    }
+
+    private static DecodedTexture DecodeBc(RenderSurface rs, CompressionFormat format)
+    {
+        var pixels = BcDecoder.DecodeRaw(rs.SourceData, rs.Width, rs.Height, format);
+        var rgba = new byte[rs.Width * rs.Height * 4];
+        for (int i = 0; i < pixels.Length; i++)
+        {
+            int s = i * 4;
+            rgba[s + 0] = pixels[i].r;
+            rgba[s + 1] = pixels[i].g;
+            rgba[s + 2] = pixels[i].b;
+            rgba[s + 3] = pixels[i].a;
+        }
+        return new DecodedTexture(rgba, rs.Width, rs.Height);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Textures/SurfaceDecoderTests.cs b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Textures/SurfaceDecoderTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dadcb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Textures/SurfaceDecoderTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Textures;
+using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
+using DatReaderWriter.Enums;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Tests.Textures;
+
+public class SurfaceDecoderTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Decode_A8R8G8B8_ConvertsToRgba8()
+    {
+        // Source format is B, G, R, A in memory (little-endian ARGB).
+        // One 2x2 image: red, green, blue, white pixels.
+        var src = new byte[]
+        {
+            0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF,  // red   (B=0, G=0, R=255, A=255)
+            0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF,  // green
+            0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF,  // blue
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,  // white
+        };
+        var rs = new RenderSurface
+        {
+            Width = 2,
+            Height = 2,
+            Format = PixelFormat.PFID_A8R8G8B8,
+            SourceData = src,
+        };
+
+        var decoded = SurfaceDecoder.DecodeRenderSurface(rs);
+
+        Assert.Equal(2, decoded.Width);
+        Assert.Equal(2, decoded.Height);
+        Assert.Equal(16, decoded.Rgba8.Length);  // 2*2*4
+        // red pixel, in RGBA: 255, 0, 0, 255
+        Assert.Equal(0xFF, decoded.Rgba8[0]);
+        Assert.Equal(0x00, decoded.Rgba8[1]);
+        Assert.Equal(0x00, decoded.Rgba8[2]);
+        Assert.Equal(0xFF, decoded.Rgba8[3]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Decode_UnsupportedFormat_ReturnsMagenta()
+    {
+        var rs = new RenderSurface
+        {
+            Width = 4,
+            Height = 4,
+            Format = PixelFormat.PFID_INDEX16,  // not implemented path
+            SourceData = new byte[32],
+        };
+
+        var decoded = SurfaceDecoder.DecodeRenderSurface(rs);
+
+        Assert.Same(DecodedTexture.Magenta, decoded);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Decode_NullSourceData_ReturnsMagenta()
+    {
+        var rs = new RenderSurface
+        {
+            Width = 4,
+            Height = 4,
+            Format = PixelFormat.PFID_A8R8G8B8,
+            SourceData = null!,
+        };
+
+        var decoded = SurfaceDecoder.DecodeRenderSurface(rs);
+
+        Assert.Same(DecodedTexture.Magenta, decoded);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Decode_TruncatedA8R8G8B8_ReturnsMagenta()
+    {
+        // Buffer too small for width*height*4.
+        var rs = new RenderSurface
+        {
+            Width = 2,
+            Height = 2,
+            Format = PixelFormat.PFID_A8R8G8B8,
+            SourceData = new byte[8],  // should be 16
+        };
+
+        var decoded = SurfaceDecoder.DecodeRenderSurface(rs);
+
+        Assert.Same(DecodedTexture.Magenta, decoded);
+    }
+}