diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
index 9cf6dc5..2912472 100644
--- a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
@@ -529,6 +529,108 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
         _gl.DeleteBuffer(_indirectBuffer);
     }
 
+    // ── Public types + helpers for BuildIndirectArrays (Task 9) ─────────────
+    //
+    // These are public so the pure-CPU unit tests in AcDream.Core.Tests can
+    // exercise BuildIndirectArrays without needing a GL context.
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Public view of the per-group inputs to <see cref="BuildIndirectArrays"/> — used in tests.
+    /// </summary>
+    public readonly record struct IndirectGroupInput(
+        int IndexCount,
+        uint FirstIndex,
+        int BaseVertex,
+        int InstanceCount,
+        int FirstInstance,
+        ulong TextureHandle,
+        uint TextureLayer,
+        TranslucencyKind Translucency);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Public mirror of the per-group <see cref="BatchData"/> uploaded to the SSBO.
+    /// Tests verify the layout. Same field shape as the private BatchData.
+    /// </summary>
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 8)]
+    public struct BatchDataPublic
+    {
+        public ulong TextureHandle;
+        public uint  TextureLayer;
+        public uint  Flags;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Result of <see cref="BuildIndirectArrays"/>.</summary>
+    public readonly record struct IndirectLayoutResult(
+        int OpaqueCount,
+        int TransparentCount,
+        int TransparentByteOffset);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Lays out the indirect commands + parallel BatchData array contiguously:
+    /// opaque section first (caller sorts before calling), transparent section second.
+    /// Pure CPU, no GL state. Caller passes pre-sized scratch arrays.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// Classification: Opaque + ClipMap → opaque pass (ClipMap uses discard, not
+    /// blending). Everything else (AlphaBlend, Additive, InvAlpha) → transparent pass.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public static IndirectLayoutResult BuildIndirectArrays(
+        IReadOnlyList<IndirectGroupInput> groups,
+        DrawElementsIndirectCommand[] indirectScratch,
+        BatchDataPublic[] batchScratch)
+    {
+        int opaqueCount = 0;
+        int transparentCount = 0;
+
+        foreach (var g in groups)
+        {
+            if (IsOpaque(g.Translucency)) opaqueCount++;
+            else transparentCount++;
+        }
+
+        int oi = 0;        // opaque write cursor (fills [0..opaqueCount))
+        int ti = opaqueCount; // transparent write cursor (fills [opaqueCount..end))
+
+        foreach (var g in groups)
+        {
+            var dec = new DrawElementsIndirectCommand
+            {
+                Count         = (uint)g.IndexCount,
+                InstanceCount = (uint)g.InstanceCount,
+                FirstIndex    = g.FirstIndex,
+                BaseVertex    = g.BaseVertex,
+                BaseInstance  = (uint)g.FirstInstance,
+            };
+            var bd = new BatchDataPublic
+            {
+                TextureHandle = g.TextureHandle,
+                TextureLayer  = g.TextureLayer,
+                Flags         = 0,
+            };
+
+            if (IsOpaque(g.Translucency))
+            {
+                indirectScratch[oi] = dec;
+                batchScratch[oi]    = bd;
+                oi++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                indirectScratch[ti] = dec;
+                batchScratch[ti]    = bd;
+                ti++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int SizeofDEIC = 20; // sizeof(DrawElementsIndirectCommand) — 5 × uint
+        return new IndirectLayoutResult(opaqueCount, transparentCount, opaqueCount * SizeofDEIC);
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsOpaque(TranslucencyKind t)
+        => t == TranslucencyKind.Opaque || t == TranslucencyKind.ClipMap;
+
+    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
     private readonly record struct GroupKey(
         uint Ibo,
         uint FirstIndex,
diff --git a/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcherIndirectBuilderTests.cs b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcherIndirectBuilderTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f2e552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcherIndirectBuilderTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb;
+using AcDream.Core.Meshing;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Tests.Rendering.Wb;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Pure CPU test of <see cref="WbDrawDispatcher.BuildIndirectArrays"/>.
+/// Verifies that a synthetic group set lays out into the indirect buffer
+/// + parallel batch data with opaque section first, transparent second,
+/// per-group fields propagated correctly.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class WbDrawDispatcherIndirectBuilderTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void TwoOpaqueGroupsAndOneTransparent_LaysOutContiguouslyOpaqueFirst()
+    {
+        // Arrange — three groups: 2 opaque (12+1 instances) + 1 transparent (12 instances)
+        var groups = new List<WbDrawDispatcher.IndirectGroupInput>
+        {
+            new(IndexCount: 100, FirstIndex: 0,   BaseVertex: 0,   InstanceCount: 12, FirstInstance: 0,  TextureHandle: 0xAA, TextureLayer: 0, Translucency: TranslucencyKind.Opaque),
+            new(IndexCount: 200, FirstIndex: 100, BaseVertex: 0,   InstanceCount: 12, FirstInstance: 12, TextureHandle: 0xBB, TextureLayer: 0, Translucency: TranslucencyKind.AlphaBlend),
+            new(IndexCount: 50,  FirstIndex: 300, BaseVertex: 100, InstanceCount: 1,  FirstInstance: 24, TextureHandle: 0xCC, TextureLayer: 0, Translucency: TranslucencyKind.Opaque),
+        };
+
+        var indirect = new DrawElementsIndirectCommand[16];
+        var batch = new WbDrawDispatcher.BatchDataPublic[16];
+
+        // Act
+        var result = WbDrawDispatcher.BuildIndirectArrays(groups, indirect, batch);
+
+        // Assert layout
+        Assert.Equal(2, result.OpaqueCount);
+        Assert.Equal(1, result.TransparentCount);
+        Assert.Equal(2 * 20, result.TransparentByteOffset);  // sizeof(DEIC) = 20
+
+        // Opaque section, in input order (Task 10 callers sort)
+        Assert.Equal(100u, indirect[0].Count);
+        Assert.Equal(0u,   indirect[0].FirstIndex);
+        Assert.Equal(0,    indirect[0].BaseVertex);
+        Assert.Equal(12u,  indirect[0].InstanceCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0u,   indirect[0].BaseInstance);
+
+        Assert.Equal(50u,  indirect[1].Count);
+        Assert.Equal(300u, indirect[1].FirstIndex);
+        Assert.Equal(100,  indirect[1].BaseVertex);
+        Assert.Equal(1u,   indirect[1].InstanceCount);
+        Assert.Equal(24u,  indirect[1].BaseInstance);
+
+        // Transparent section
+        Assert.Equal(200u, indirect[2].Count);
+        Assert.Equal(100u, indirect[2].FirstIndex);
+        Assert.Equal(12u,  indirect[2].InstanceCount);
+        Assert.Equal(12u,  indirect[2].BaseInstance);
+
+        // BatchData parallel — same indices as indirect
+        Assert.Equal(0xAAul, batch[0].TextureHandle);
+        Assert.Equal(0xCCul, batch[1].TextureHandle);
+        Assert.Equal(0xBBul, batch[2].TextureHandle);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EmptyGroupList_ProducesZeroCounts()
+    {
+        var groups = new List<WbDrawDispatcher.IndirectGroupInput>();
+        var indirect = new DrawElementsIndirectCommand[0];
+        var batch = new WbDrawDispatcher.BatchDataPublic[0];
+
+        var result = WbDrawDispatcher.BuildIndirectArrays(groups, indirect, batch);
+
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.OpaqueCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.TransparentCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.TransparentByteOffset);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ClipMapTreatedAsOpaque()
+    {
+        // ClipMap surfaces (alpha-cutout) belong with the opaque pass
+        // because the discard handles transparency, not blending.
+        var groups = new List<WbDrawDispatcher.IndirectGroupInput>
+        {
+            new(IndexCount: 10, FirstIndex: 0, BaseVertex: 0, InstanceCount: 1, FirstInstance: 0, TextureHandle: 0x1, TextureLayer: 0, Translucency: TranslucencyKind.ClipMap),
+        };
+        var indirect = new DrawElementsIndirectCommand[4];
+        var batch = new WbDrawDispatcher.BatchDataPublic[4];
+
+        var result = WbDrawDispatcher.BuildIndirectArrays(groups, indirect, batch);
+
+        Assert.Equal(1, result.OpaqueCount);
+        Assert.Equal(0, result.TransparentCount);
+    }
+}