fix(rendering): bound portal resource lifetime

Separate logical ownership, render publication, and GPU retirement across live entities, landblocks, particles, textures, mesh arenas, portal/UI teardown, and per-frame scratch storage. Add bounded DAT/texture caches, upload budgets, three-frame fence retirement, exact-incarnation appearance reconciliation, frame pacing, and extensive lifetime conformance coverage.\n\nThe seven-destination connected route now cuts peak working/private memory roughly in half, returns Caul to 125-153 FPS locally, and produces no WER or AMD reset.\n\nCo-authored-by: OpenAI Codex <codex@openai.com>

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Rendering/FramePacingControllerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+using AcDream.App.Rendering;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Rendering;
+
+public sealed class FramePacingControllerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Software_pacing_waits_only_for_remaining_deadline_time()
+    {
+        var clock = new FakeClock(frequency: 1_000);
+        var waiter = new AdvancingWaiter(clock);
+        var controller = new FramePacingController(clock, waiter);
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: 10d));
+
+        clock.Timestamp = 40;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Equal([60L], waiter.Durations);
+
+        clock.Timestamp = 150;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Equal([60L, 50L], waiter.Durations);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Missed_deadline_rebases_instead_of_running_a_catch_up_frame()
+    {
+        var clock = new FakeClock(frequency: 1_000);
+        var waiter = new AdvancingWaiter(clock);
+        var controller = new FramePacingController(clock, waiter);
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: 10d));
+
+        clock.Timestamp = 250;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Empty(waiter.Durations);
+
+        // Rebased deadline is 350, not one of the elapsed 100/200/300
+        // deadlines. The next frame therefore waits instead of bursting.
+        clock.Timestamp = 300;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Equal([50L], waiter.Durations);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Wait_overshoot_rebases_future_deadline()
+    {
+        var clock = new FakeClock(frequency: 1_000);
+        var waiter = new AdvancingWaiter(clock) { OvershootTicks = 150 };
+        var controller = new FramePacingController(clock, waiter);
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: 10d));
+
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Equal(250, clock.Timestamp);
+
+        waiter.OvershootTicks = 0;
+        clock.Timestamp = 300;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+        Assert.Equal([100L, 50L], waiter.Durations);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void VSync_and_explicit_uncapped_policies_do_not_software_wait()
+    {
+        var clock = new FakeClock(frequency: 1_000);
+        var waiter = new AdvancingWaiter(clock);
+        var controller = new FramePacingController(clock, waiter);
+
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: true, SoftwareLimitHz: null));
+        clock.Timestamp = 1_000;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: null));
+        clock.Timestamp = 2_000;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+
+        Assert.Empty(waiter.Durations);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Rate_change_resets_deadline_from_current_monotonic_time()
+    {
+        var clock = new FakeClock(frequency: 1_000);
+        var waiter = new AdvancingWaiter(clock);
+        var controller = new FramePacingController(clock, waiter);
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: 10d));
+
+        clock.Timestamp = 25;
+        controller.Apply(new FramePacingPolicy(UseVSync: false, SoftwareLimitHz: 20d));
+        clock.Timestamp = 50;
+        controller.CompleteFrame();
+
+        Assert.Equal([25L], waiter.Durations);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class FakeClock(long frequency) : IFramePacingClock
+    {
+        public long Frequency { get; } = frequency;
+
+        public long Timestamp { get; set; }
+
+        public long GetTimestamp() => Timestamp;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class AdvancingWaiter(FakeClock clock) : IFramePacingWaiter
+    {
+        public List<long> Durations { get; } = [];
+
+        public long OvershootTicks { get; set; }
+
+        public void Wait(long durationTicks, long clockFrequency)
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(clock.Frequency, clockFrequency);
+            Durations.Add(durationTicks);
+            clock.Timestamp += durationTicks + OvershootTicks;
+        }
+    }
+}