fix(rendering): bound portal resource lifetime

Separate logical ownership, render publication, and GPU retirement across live entities, landblocks, particles, textures, mesh arenas, portal/UI teardown, and per-frame scratch storage. Add bounded DAT/texture caches, upload budgets, three-frame fence retirement, exact-incarnation appearance reconciliation, frame pacing, and extensive lifetime conformance coverage.\n\nThe seven-destination connected route now cuts peak working/private memory roughly in half, returns Caul to 125-153 FPS locally, and produces no WER or AMD reset.\n\nCo-authored-by: OpenAI Codex <codex@openai.com>

src/AcDream.App/Studio/StudioWindow.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.Content;
 using AcDream.App.Rendering;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using DatReaderWriter;
-using DatReaderWriter.Options;
 using Silk.NET.Input;
 using Silk.NET.Maths;
 using Silk.NET.OpenGL;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
 
     // Created in OnLoad, released in OnClosing.
     private IWindow?      _window;
-    private DatCollection? _dats;
+    private IDatReaderWriter? _dats;
     private RenderStack?   _stack;
     private LayoutSource?  _source;
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
     {
         var gl    = GL.GetApi(_window!);
 
-        _dats = new DatCollection(_opts.DatDir, DatAccessType.Read);
+        _dats = RuntimeDatCollectionFactory.OpenReadOnly(_opts.DatDir);
 
         // Build QualitySettings for RenderBootstrap (same as Run() above — re-read
         // after the GL context is confirmed, mirroring GameWindow.OnLoad).
@@ -218,6 +218,10 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
     private void OnRender(double dt)
     {
         if (_stack is null || _panelFbo is null) return;
+        _stack.BeginFrame();
+        Exception? renderFailure = null;
+        try
+        {
 
         // ── HEADLESS SCREENSHOT PATH ──────────────────────────────────────────────
         if (_opts.ScreenshotPath is not null)
@@ -415,6 +419,26 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
 
         // 9. Finalise ImGui and flush draw data to the window.
         _imgui.Render();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            renderFailure = ex;
+            throw;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _stack.EndFrame();
+            }
+            catch (Exception closeFailure) when (renderFailure is not null)
+            {
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "UI Studio rendering failed and its GPU frame could not be closed.",
+                    renderFailure,
+                    closeFailure);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>