fix(rendering): bound portal resource lifetime

Separate logical ownership, render publication, and GPU retirement across live entities, landblocks, particles, textures, mesh arenas, portal/UI teardown, and per-frame scratch storage. Add bounded DAT/texture caches, upload budgets, three-frame fence retirement, exact-incarnation appearance reconciliation, frame pacing, and extensive lifetime conformance coverage.\n\nThe seven-destination connected route now cuts peak working/private memory roughly in half, returns Caul to 125-153 FPS locally, and produces no WER or AMD reset.\n\nCo-authored-by: OpenAI Codex <codex@openai.com>

src/AcDream.App/Studio/FixtureProvider.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Settings;
 using DatReaderWriter;
+using AcDream.Content;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Studio;
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ public static class FixtureProvider
         ImportedLayout layout,
         RenderStack stack,
         ClientObjectTable objects,
-        DatCollection dats)
+        IDatReaderWriter dats)
     {
         switch (layoutId)
         {

src/AcDream.App/Studio/LayoutSource.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 using DatReaderWriter;
+using AcDream.Content;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Studio;
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ public enum LayoutSourceKind { DatLayout, Markup }
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class LayoutSource
 {
-    private readonly DatCollection _dats;
+    private readonly IDatReaderWriter _dats;
     private readonly Func<uint, (uint, int, int)> _resolve;
     private readonly UiDatFont? _datFont;
     private readonly Func<uint, UiDatFont?>? _fontResolve;
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public sealed class LayoutSource
     /// Pass null (default) for the original single-font behavior — the live
     /// <see cref="GameWindow"/> path passes null so it is provably unchanged.</param>
     public LayoutSource(
-        DatCollection dats,
+        IDatReaderWriter dats,
         Func<uint, (uint, int, int)> resolve,
         UiDatFont? datFont,
         Func<uint, UiDatFont?>? fontResolve = null)

src/AcDream.App/Studio/MockupDesktop.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Chat;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Chat;
 using DatReaderWriter;
+using AcDream.Content;
 using System.Numerics;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Studio;
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace AcDream.App.Studio;
 /// </summary>
 internal static class MockupDesktop
 {
-    public static void Load(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack)
+    public static void Load(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack)
     {
         var objects = SampleData.BuildObjectTable();
         var windows = new List<MockupWindow>();
@@ -36,11 +37,11 @@ internal static class MockupDesktop
         MountControls(stack, windows);
     }
 
-    private static ImportedLayout? Import(DatCollection dats, uint layoutId, RenderStack stack)
+    private static ImportedLayout? Import(IDatReaderWriter dats, uint layoutId, RenderStack stack)
         => LayoutImporter.Import(dats, layoutId, stack.ResolveChrome, stack.VitalsDatFont,
             fontResolve: stack.ResolveDatFont);
 
-    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountVitals(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
+    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountVitals(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
     {
         var layout = Import(dats, 0x2100006Cu, stack);
         if (layout is null) return null;
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ internal static class MockupDesktop
             });
     }
 
-    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountToolbar(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
+    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountToolbar(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
     {
         var layout = Import(dats, 0x21000016u, stack);
         if (layout is null) return null;
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ internal static class MockupDesktop
         frame.MaxHeight = expandedH;
     }
 
-    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountCharacter(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
+    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountCharacter(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
     {
         var layout = Import(dats, 0x2100002Eu, stack);
         if (layout is null) return null;
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ internal static class MockupDesktop
             });
     }
 
-    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountInventory(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
+    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountInventory(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack, AcDream.Core.Items.ClientObjectTable objects)
     {
         var layout = Import(dats, 0x21000023u, stack);
         if (layout is null) return null;
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ internal static class MockupDesktop
             element.Anchors = AnchorEdges.Left | AnchorEdges.Top;
     }
 
-    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountChat(DatCollection dats, RenderStack stack)
+    private static RetailWindowHandle? MountChat(IDatReaderWriter dats, RenderStack stack)
     {
         var rootInfo = LayoutImporter.ImportInfos(dats, ChatWindowController.LayoutId);
         if (rootInfo is null) return null;

src/AcDream.App/Studio/StudioWindow.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.Content;
 using AcDream.App.Rendering;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using DatReaderWriter;
-using DatReaderWriter.Options;
 using Silk.NET.Input;
 using Silk.NET.Maths;
 using Silk.NET.OpenGL;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
 
     // Created in OnLoad, released in OnClosing.
     private IWindow?      _window;
-    private DatCollection? _dats;
+    private IDatReaderWriter? _dats;
     private RenderStack?   _stack;
     private LayoutSource?  _source;
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
     {
         var gl    = GL.GetApi(_window!);
 
-        _dats = new DatCollection(_opts.DatDir, DatAccessType.Read);
+        _dats = RuntimeDatCollectionFactory.OpenReadOnly(_opts.DatDir);
 
         // Build QualitySettings for RenderBootstrap (same as Run() above — re-read
         // after the GL context is confirmed, mirroring GameWindow.OnLoad).
@@ -218,6 +218,10 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
     private void OnRender(double dt)
     {
         if (_stack is null || _panelFbo is null) return;
+        _stack.BeginFrame();
+        Exception? renderFailure = null;
+        try
+        {
 
         // ── HEADLESS SCREENSHOT PATH ──────────────────────────────────────────────
         if (_opts.ScreenshotPath is not null)
@@ -415,6 +419,26 @@ public sealed class StudioWindow : IDisposable
 
         // 9. Finalise ImGui and flush draw data to the window.
         _imgui.Render();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            renderFailure = ex;
+            throw;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                _stack.EndFrame();
+            }
+            catch (Exception closeFailure) when (renderFailure is not null)
+            {
+                throw new AggregateException(
+                    "UI Studio rendering failed and its GPU frame could not be closed.",
+                    renderFailure,
+                    closeFailure);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /// <summary>