diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapter.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec16b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using AcDream.Core.World;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Bridges landblock streaming events to <see cref="IWbMeshAdapter"/>'s
+/// reference-count lifecycle. <b>Tier-aware by design</b>: only atlas-tier
+/// entities (procedural / dat-hydrated, identified by
+/// <c>ServerGuid == 0</c>) drive ref counts. Server-spawned entities
+/// (per-instance tier) are skipped — those go through
+/// <c>EntitySpawnAdapter</c> + <c>TextureCache.GetOrUploadWithPaletteOverride</c>
+/// (see Phase N.4 spec, Architecture → Two-tier rendering split).
+///
+/// <para>
+/// On load: walks the landblock's atlas-tier entities, collects unique
+/// GfxObj ids from their <c>MeshRefs</c>, calls
+/// <c>IncrementRefCount</c> per id. Snapshots the id-set per landblock so
+/// unload can match the load 1:1.
+/// </para>
+///
+/// <para>
+/// On unload: looks up the snapshot, calls <c>DecrementRefCount</c> per id,
+/// drops the snapshot. Unknown / never-loaded landblocks no-op.
+/// </para>
+///
+/// <para>
+/// Idempotency: a duplicate load for the same landblock is a no-op on
+/// ref-counting (the snapshot is already present). Defensive guard against
+/// streaming-controller bugs.
+/// </para>
+///
+/// <para>
+/// Thread safety: the underlying <see cref="IWbMeshAdapter"/> implementation
+/// uses <c>ConcurrentDictionary</c>, so the streaming worker thread may call
+/// this safely. The internal snapshot dictionary is NOT thread-safe and must
+/// be called from a single streaming thread (the same thread that fires
+/// AddLandblock / RemoveLandblock events).
+/// </para>
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class LandblockSpawnAdapter
+{
+    private readonly IWbMeshAdapter _adapter;
+
+    // Maps landblock id → unique GfxObj ids registered for that landblock.
+    // Written on load, read+cleared on unload. Single-threaded (streaming worker).
+    private readonly Dictionary<uint, HashSet<ulong>> _idsByLandblock = new();
+
+    public LandblockSpawnAdapter(IWbMeshAdapter adapter)
+    {
+        System.ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(adapter);
+        _adapter = adapter;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Called when a landblock finishes streaming in.
+    /// Registers a ref-count increment with WB for each unique atlas-tier
+    /// GfxObj id in the landblock. Duplicate loads for the same landblock id
+    /// are silently ignored.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void OnLandblockLoaded(LoadedLandblock landblock)
+    {
+        System.ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(landblock);
+
+        // Idempotency: already-loaded landblock is a no-op.
+        if (_idsByLandblock.ContainsKey(landblock.LandblockId)) return;
+
+        var unique = new HashSet<ulong>();
+        foreach (var entity in landblock.Entities)
+        {
+            // Atlas-tier filter: server-spawned entities (ServerGuid != 0)
+            // belong to the per-instance path and are NOT registered with WB.
+            if (entity.ServerGuid != 0) continue;
+
+            foreach (var meshRef in entity.MeshRefs)
+                unique.Add((ulong)meshRef.GfxObjId);
+        }
+
+        _idsByLandblock[landblock.LandblockId] = unique;
+        foreach (var id in unique) _adapter.IncrementRefCount(id);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Called when a landblock is unloaded from the streaming window.
+    /// Releases the ref-count for every GfxObj id that was registered on load.
+    /// Unknown landblock ids (never loaded, or already unloaded) are no-ops.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void OnLandblockUnloaded(uint landblockId)
+    {
+        if (!_idsByLandblock.TryGetValue(landblockId, out var unique)) return;
+        foreach (var id in unique) _adapter.DecrementRefCount(id);
+        _idsByLandblock.Remove(landblockId);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapterTests.cs b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapterTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85af235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Rendering/Wb/LandblockSpawnAdapterTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb;
+using AcDream.Core.World;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Tests.Rendering.Wb;
+
+public sealed class LandblockSpawnAdapterTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockLoaded_RegistersIncrementForEachUniqueAtlasGfxObj()
+    {
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        // Two procedural (ServerGuid=0) entities with different GfxObj ids.
+        var lb = MakeLandblock(landblockId: 0x12340000u, entities: new[]
+        {
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 1, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u, 0x01000020u }),
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 2, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000030u }),
+        });
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+
+        // Three unique ids registered.
+        Assert.Equal(3, captured.IncrementCalls.Count);
+        Assert.Contains(0x01000010ul, captured.IncrementCalls);
+        Assert.Contains(0x01000020ul, captured.IncrementCalls);
+        Assert.Contains(0x01000030ul, captured.IncrementCalls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockLoaded_DedupsSharedIdsAcrossEntities()
+    {
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        var lb = MakeLandblock(landblockId: 0x12340000u, entities: new[]
+        {
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 1, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u, 0x01000020u }),
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 2, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u, 0x01000020u }),
+        });
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+
+        // Two unique ids despite two entities sharing both.
+        Assert.Equal(2, captured.IncrementCalls.Count);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockLoaded_SkipsServerSpawnedEntities()
+    {
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        var lb = MakeLandblock(landblockId: 0x12340000u, entities: new[]
+        {
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 1, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u }),
+            // ServerGuid != 0 → per-instance tier → must NOT register.
+            MakePerInstanceEntity(id: 2, serverGuid: 0xCAFE0001u, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000020u }),
+        });
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+
+        // Only the atlas-tier entity's GfxObj is registered.
+        Assert.Single(captured.IncrementCalls);
+        Assert.Contains(0x01000010ul, captured.IncrementCalls);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain(0x01000020ul, captured.IncrementCalls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockUnloaded_RegistersMatchingDecrements()
+    {
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        var lb = MakeLandblock(landblockId: 0x12340000u, entities: new[]
+        {
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 1, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u, 0x01000020u }),
+        });
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+        adapter.OnLandblockUnloaded(0x12340000u);
+
+        Assert.Equal(captured.IncrementCalls.OrderBy(x => x), captured.DecrementCalls.OrderBy(x => x));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockUnloaded_UnknownLandblock_NoOps()
+    {
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockUnloaded(0xDEADBEEFu);
+
+        Assert.Empty(captured.DecrementCalls);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void OnLandblockLoaded_SameLandblockTwice_DedupesAtTheLandblockLevel()
+    {
+        // If a landblock load fires twice (e.g. a streaming-controller bug),
+        // we should not double-register. Second load is treated as a no-op
+        // for ref-counting purposes.
+        var captured = new CapturingAdapterMock();
+        var adapter = new LandblockSpawnAdapter(captured);
+
+        var lb = MakeLandblock(landblockId: 0x12340000u, entities: new[]
+        {
+            MakeAtlasEntity(id: 1, gfxObjIds: new[] { 0x01000010u }),
+        });
+
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+        adapter.OnLandblockLoaded(lb);
+
+        // One unique id, one increment — not two.
+        Assert.Single(captured.IncrementCalls);
+    }
+
+    // ── Test helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    private sealed class CapturingAdapterMock : IWbMeshAdapter
+    {
+        public List<ulong> IncrementCalls { get; } = new();
+        public List<ulong> DecrementCalls { get; } = new();
+        public void IncrementRefCount(ulong id) => IncrementCalls.Add(id);
+        public void DecrementRefCount(ulong id) => DecrementCalls.Add(id);
+    }
+
+    private static LoadedLandblock MakeLandblock(uint landblockId, WorldEntity[] entities)
+        => new LoadedLandblock(
+            LandblockId: landblockId,
+            Heightmap: new DatReaderWriter.DBObjs.LandBlock(),  // empty default
+            Entities: entities);
+
+    private static WorldEntity MakeAtlasEntity(uint id, uint[] gfxObjIds)
+        => MakeEntity(id, serverGuid: 0u, gfxObjIds);
+
+    private static WorldEntity MakePerInstanceEntity(uint id, uint serverGuid, uint[] gfxObjIds)
+        => MakeEntity(id, serverGuid, gfxObjIds);
+
+    private static WorldEntity MakeEntity(uint id, uint serverGuid, uint[] gfxObjIds)
+    {
+        var meshRefs = gfxObjIds
+            .Select(g => new MeshRef(g, Matrix4x4.Identity))
+            .ToList();
+        return new WorldEntity
+        {
+            Id = id,
+            ServerGuid = serverGuid,
+            SourceGfxObjOrSetupId = gfxObjIds.FirstOrDefault(),
+            Position = Vector3.Zero,
+            Rotation = Quaternion.Identity,
+            MeshRefs = meshRefs,
+        };
+    }
+}