diff --git a/src/AcDream.Core/Physics/CellSurface.cs b/src/AcDream.Core/Physics/CellSurface.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca8c061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/AcDream.Core/Physics/CellSurface.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Physics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Indoor floor resolver for a single EnvCell. Projects an XY point
+/// onto the cell's floor polygons and returns the Z at that point.
+///
+/// <para>
+/// Uses a simplified constructor that takes pre-transformed vertex
+/// positions (world-space) and polygon vertex-id lists. The caller
+/// is responsible for transforming CellStruct vertices from cell-local
+/// space to world space using EnvCell.Position before constructing
+/// this surface.
+/// </para>
+///
+/// <para>
+/// Floor polygon iteration is brute-force (no BSP). Cell polygon
+/// counts are typically &lt; 20, making this acceptable for the MVP.
+/// Each polygon is fan-triangulated and tested via point-in-triangle
+/// + barycentric Z interpolation.
+/// </para>
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class CellSurface
+{
+    public uint CellId { get; }
+
+    private readonly List<(Vector3 A, Vector3 B, Vector3 C)> _triangles;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Construct a CellSurface from pre-transformed vertex positions
+    /// and polygon definitions.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="cellId">The EnvCell dat id (e.g., 0xA9B40100).</param>
+    /// <param name="vertices">Vertex id → world-space position map.</param>
+    /// <param name="polygonVertexIds">
+    /// List of polygons, each a list of vertex IDs. Polygons with fewer
+    /// than 3 vertices are skipped. Quads and larger are fan-triangulated.
+    /// </param>
+    public CellSurface(
+        uint cellId,
+        Dictionary<ushort, Vector3> vertices,
+        List<List<short>> polygonVertexIds)
+    {
+        CellId = cellId;
+        _triangles = new List<(Vector3, Vector3, Vector3)>();
+
+        foreach (var polyVerts in polygonVertexIds)
+        {
+            if (polyVerts.Count < 3) continue;
+
+            // Resolve vertex positions.
+            var positions = new List<Vector3>(polyVerts.Count);
+            bool skip = false;
+            foreach (var vid in polyVerts)
+            {
+                if (!vertices.TryGetValue((ushort)vid, out var pos))
+                {
+                    skip = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                positions.Add(pos);
+            }
+            if (skip) continue;
+
+            // Fan triangulation: (v0, v1, v2), (v0, v2, v3), ...
+            for (int i = 1; i < positions.Count - 1; i++)
+            {
+                _triangles.Add((positions[0], positions[i], positions[i + 1]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Project (worldX, worldY) onto this cell's floor polygons and
+    /// return the Z. Returns null if outside all floor polygons.
+    /// </summary>
+    public float? SampleFloorZ(float worldX, float worldY)
+    {
+        foreach (var (a, b, c) in _triangles)
+        {
+            if (PointInTriangleXY(worldX, worldY, a, b, c, out float z))
+                return z;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test if (px, py) falls inside triangle (a, b, c) projected onto
+    /// the XY plane. If inside, computes the barycentric Z interpolation
+    /// and returns it via <paramref name="z"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool PointInTriangleXY(
+        float px, float py,
+        Vector3 a, Vector3 b, Vector3 c,
+        out float z)
+    {
+        z = 0;
+
+        // Barycentric coordinate computation in 2D (XY plane).
+        float v0x = c.X - a.X, v0y = c.Y - a.Y;
+        float v1x = b.X - a.X, v1y = b.Y - a.Y;
+        float v2x = px - a.X, v2y = py - a.Y;
+
+        float dot00 = v0x * v0x + v0y * v0y;
+        float dot01 = v0x * v1x + v0y * v1y;
+        float dot02 = v0x * v2x + v0y * v2y;
+        float dot11 = v1x * v1x + v1y * v1y;
+        float dot12 = v1x * v2x + v1y * v2y;
+
+        float denom = dot00 * dot11 - dot01 * dot01;
+        if (MathF.Abs(denom) < 1e-10f) return false;  // degenerate triangle
+
+        float invDenom = 1f / denom;
+        float u = (dot11 * dot02 - dot01 * dot12) * invDenom;
+        float v = (dot00 * dot12 - dot01 * dot02) * invDenom;
+
+        if (u < -1e-6f || v < -1e-6f || u + v > 1f + 1e-6f)
+            return false;
+
+        // Barycentric Z interpolation.
+        z = a.Z * (1 - u - v) + b.Z * v + c.Z * u;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Physics/CellSurfaceTests.cs b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Physics/CellSurfaceTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0336d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/AcDream.Core.Tests/Physics/CellSurfaceTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Numerics;
+using AcDream.Core.Physics;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace AcDream.Core.Tests.Physics;
+
+public class CellSurfaceTests
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Build a minimal CellSurface representing a flat square floor
+    /// centered at (originX, originY) with the given half-size and Z.
+    /// The floor polygon is a quad: 4 vertices at the corners.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static CellSurface MakeFlatFloor(
+        uint cellId, float originX, float originY, float z,
+        float halfSize = 10f)
+    {
+        // 4 vertices forming a square floor at the given Z, in WORLD space.
+        var vertices = new Dictionary<ushort, Vector3>
+        {
+            [0] = new(originX - halfSize, originY - halfSize, z),
+            [1] = new(originX + halfSize, originY - halfSize, z),
+            [2] = new(originX + halfSize, originY + halfSize, z),
+            [3] = new(originX - halfSize, originY + halfSize, z),
+        };
+
+        // One quad polygon with 4 vertex IDs.
+        var polygonVertexIds = new List<List<short>>
+        {
+            new() { 0, 1, 2, 3 },
+        };
+
+        return new CellSurface(cellId, vertices, polygonVertexIds);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SampleFloorZ_InsideFlat_ReturnsZ()
+    {
+        var surface = MakeFlatFloor(0x0100, originX: 50f, originY: 50f, z: 10f);
+
+        float? z = surface.SampleFloorZ(50f, 50f);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(z);
+        Assert.Equal(10f, z!.Value, precision: 2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SampleFloorZ_OutsideFloor_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        var surface = MakeFlatFloor(0x0100, originX: 50f, originY: 50f, z: 10f, halfSize: 5f);
+
+        float? z = surface.SampleFloorZ(100f, 100f);
+
+        Assert.Null(z);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SampleFloorZ_AtEdge_ReturnsZ()
+    {
+        var surface = MakeFlatFloor(0x0100, originX: 50f, originY: 50f, z: 10f, halfSize: 10f);
+
+        // Right at the edge of the polygon.
+        float? z = surface.SampleFloorZ(60f, 50f);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(z);
+        Assert.Equal(10f, z!.Value, precision: 2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SampleFloorZ_SlopedFloor_InterpolatesZ()
+    {
+        // A triangular floor that slopes from Z=0 to Z=20.
+        var vertices = new Dictionary<ushort, Vector3>
+        {
+            [0] = new(0f, 0f, 0f),
+            [1] = new(20f, 0f, 0f),
+            [2] = new(10f, 20f, 20f),
+        };
+        var polygons = new List<List<short>> { new() { 0, 1, 2 } };
+        var surface = new CellSurface(0x0100, vertices, polygons);
+
+        // At the centroid (10, 6.67): Z should be roughly 6.67
+        float? z = surface.SampleFloorZ(10f, 6.67f);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(z);
+        Assert.InRange(z!.Value, 5f, 8f);  // approximate
+    }
+}