diff --git a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
index 36ebdc9..5af05ed 100644
--- a/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
+++ b/src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Numerics;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using AcDream.Core.Meshing;
+using AcDream.Core.Rendering;
 using AcDream.Core.Terrain;
 using AcDream.Core.World;
 using Chorizite.OpenGLSDLBackend.Lib;
@@ -140,6 +141,31 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
 
     private bool _disposed;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Per-cell-entity last-log frame number for rate-limiting the
+    /// [indoor-walk] / [indoor-lookup] / [indoor-xform] / [indoor-cull]
+    /// probes. Defaults to 30 frames at 30Hz = 1 sec.
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly Dictionary<ulong, int> _lastIndoorProbeFrame = new();
+    private int _indoorProbeFrameCounter;
+    private const int IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames = 30;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true at most once per <see cref="IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames"/>
+    /// frames per cellId. Caller must already have checked that an indoor
+    /// probe flag is enabled.
+    /// </summary>
+    private bool ShouldEmitIndoorProbe(ulong cellId)
+    {
+        if (!_lastIndoorProbeFrame.TryGetValue(cellId, out int last)
+            || _indoorProbeFrameCounter - last >= IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames)
+        {
+            _lastIndoorProbeFrame[cellId] = _indoorProbeFrameCounter;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     // Diagnostic counters logged once per ~5s under ACDREAM_WB_DIAG=1.
     private int _entitiesSeen;
     private int _entitiesDrawn;
@@ -271,6 +297,16 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
     /// list. <see cref="Draw"/> reuses a per-dispatcher scratch field across frames to
     /// avoid the 480+ KB / frame GC pressure that the test-friendly overload incurs.
     /// Returns walk count via <paramref name="result"/>'s <c>EntitiesWalked</c> field.
+    ///
+    /// <para>
+    /// When <paramref name="indoorProbeState"/> is non-null the method emits
+    /// <c>[indoor-cull]</c> lines for cell entities rejected by the
+    /// visibleCellIds or frustum filters, and <c>[indoor-walk]</c> lines for
+    /// cell entities that pass all filters. Rate-limited by
+    /// <see cref="IndoorProbeState"/>. Pass <see langword="null"/> (the default)
+    /// to disable all probe emission — used by the test-friendly
+    /// <see cref="WalkEntities"/> overload.
+    /// </para>
     /// </summary>
     internal static void WalkEntitiesInto(
         IEnumerable<LandblockEntry> landblockEntries,
@@ -279,7 +315,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
         HashSet<uint>? visibleCellIds,
         HashSet<uint>? animatedEntityIds,
         List<(WorldEntity Entity, int MeshRefIndex, uint LandblockId)> scratch,
-        ref WalkResult result)
+        ref WalkResult result,
+        IndoorProbeState? indoorProbeState = null)
     {
         scratch.Clear();
         result.EntitiesWalked = 0;
@@ -314,19 +351,65 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
             {
                 if (entity.MeshRefs.Count == 0) continue;
 
-                if (entity.ParentCellId.HasValue && visibleCellIds is not null
-                    && !visibleCellIds.Contains(entity.ParentCellId.Value))
+                // Detect cell entity for indoor probes — first MeshRef.GfxObjId
+                // is an EnvCell id (low 16 bits ≥ 0x0100). Cheap to compute;
+                // result reused for all probe checks below.
+                ulong cellProbeId = (ulong)entity.MeshRefs[0].GfxObjId;
+                bool isCellEntity = indoorProbeState is not null
+                    && RenderingDiagnostics.IsEnvCellId(cellProbeId);
+
+                bool cellInVis = !(entity.ParentCellId.HasValue
+                    && visibleCellIds is not null
+                    && !visibleCellIds.Contains(entity.ParentCellId.Value));
+                if (!cellInVis)
+                {
+                    if (isCellEntity && RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeIndoorCullEnabled
+                        && indoorProbeState!.ShouldEmit(cellProbeId))
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine(
+                            $"[indoor-cull] cellEnt=0x{entity.Id:X8} " +
+                            $"reason=visibleCellIds-miss " +
+                            $"parentCell=0x{entity.ParentCellId!.Value:X8}");
+                    }
                     continue;
+                }
 
                 // Per-entity AABB frustum cull (perf #3). Animated entities bypass —
                 // they're tracked at landblock level + need per-frame work regardless.
                 // A.5 T18 Change #2: read cached AABB, refresh lazily on AabbDirty.
                 bool isAnimated = animatedEntityIds?.Contains(entity.Id) == true;
+                bool aabbVisible = true;
                 if (frustum is not null && !isAnimated && entry.LandblockId != neverCullLandblockId)
                 {
                     if (entity.AabbDirty) entity.RefreshAabb();
-                    if (!FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(frustum.Value, entity.AabbMin, entity.AabbMax))
-                        continue;
+                    aabbVisible = FrustumCuller.IsAabbVisible(frustum.Value, entity.AabbMin, entity.AabbMax);
+                }
+
+                if (!aabbVisible)
+                {
+                    if (isCellEntity && RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeIndoorCullEnabled
+                        && indoorProbeState!.ShouldEmit(cellProbeId))
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine(
+                            $"[indoor-cull] cellEnt=0x{entity.Id:X8} " +
+                            $"reason=frustum " +
+                            $"aabbMin=({entity.AabbMin.X:F1},{entity.AabbMin.Y:F1},{entity.AabbMin.Z:F1}) " +
+                            $"aabbMax=({entity.AabbMax.X:F1},{entity.AabbMax.Y:F1},{entity.AabbMax.Z:F1})");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Passed all filters — emit walk probe.
+                if (isCellEntity && RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeIndoorWalkEnabled
+                    && indoorProbeState!.ShouldEmit(cellProbeId))
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine(
+                        $"[indoor-walk] cellEnt=0x{entity.Id:X8} " +
+                        $"pos=({entity.Position.X:F1},{entity.Position.Y:F1},{entity.Position.Z:F1}) " +
+                        $"parentCell=0x{(entity.ParentCellId ?? 0u):X8} " +
+                        $"meshRef0=0x{cellProbeId:X8} " +
+                        $"meshRefCount={entity.MeshRefs.Count} " +
+                        $"landblockVisible=true aabbVisible=true cellInVis=true");
                 }
 
                 result.EntitiesWalked++;
@@ -347,6 +430,7 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
         HashSet<uint>? animatedEntityIds = null)
     {
         _shader.Use();
+        _indoorProbeFrameCounter++;
         var vp = camera.View * camera.Projection;
         _shader.SetMatrix4("uViewProjection", vp);
 
@@ -391,6 +475,24 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
         // A.5 T26 follow-up (Bug B): use the no-alloc WalkEntitiesInto overload
         // that populates _walkScratch (a per-dispatcher field reused across frames)
         // instead of allocating a fresh List<(WorldEntity, int)> per frame.
+        //
+        // Pass an IndoorProbeState when any indoor probe is active so the static
+        // WalkEntitiesInto can emit rate-limited [indoor-cull] / [indoor-walk]
+        // lines without needing access to instance fields. Null = probes off.
+        IndoorProbeState? probeState = null;
+        if (RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeIndoorCullEnabled || RenderingDiagnostics.ProbeIndoorWalkEnabled)
+        {
+            // _currentFrame is snapped at construction time. Construct
+            // once per Draw() call only — a second construction within
+            // the same frame would stamp the dictionary with the
+            // (already-advanced) counter value, suppressing the second
+            // pass's emissions for IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames frames.
+            // Today Draw() is called exactly once per frame; if a
+            // future refactor adds a shadow / reflection / second pass,
+            // this assumption needs revisiting.
+            probeState = new IndoorProbeState(_lastIndoorProbeFrame, _indoorProbeFrameCounter);
+        }
+
         var walkResult = default(WalkResult);
         WalkEntitiesInto(
             ToEntries(landblockEntries),
@@ -399,7 +501,8 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
             visibleCellIds,
             animatedEntityIds,
             _walkScratch,
-            ref walkResult);
+            ref walkResult,
+            probeState);
 
         // Tier 1 cache (#53) flush-tracking locals. _walkScratch holds one tuple
         // per (entity, MeshRefIndex) and is in entity-order, so all MeshRefs of
@@ -1289,6 +1392,41 @@ public sealed unsafe class WbDrawDispatcher : IDisposable
 
     // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thin wrapper around an instance's rate-limit dictionary + frame
+    /// counter, passed into the static <see cref="WalkEntitiesInto"/>
+    /// overload so it can emit rate-limited probe lines without access
+    /// to instance fields. Null = probes disabled (test-friendly overload).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class IndoorProbeState
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<ulong, int> _lastFrame;
+        private readonly int _currentFrame;
+        private const int RateLimit = IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames;
+
+        internal IndoorProbeState(Dictionary<ulong, int> lastFrame, int currentFrame)
+        {
+            _lastFrame    = lastFrame;
+            _currentFrame = currentFrame;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true at most once per <see cref="IndoorProbeRateLimitFrames"/>
+        /// frames per <paramref name="cellId"/>. Side-effect: stamps the frame
+        /// number into the dictionary on success.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal bool ShouldEmit(ulong cellId)
+        {
+            if (!_lastFrame.TryGetValue(cellId, out int last)
+                || _currentFrame - last >= RateLimit)
+            {
+                _lastFrame[cellId] = _currentFrame;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     private sealed class InstanceGroup
     {
         public uint Ibo;