refactor(runtime): own combat and magic intent

Move attack build/repeat state, combat-mode policy, authoritative auto-target transitions, and spell-cast intent beneath RuntimeActionState. Keep App as the input, world-query, DAT-policy, transport, and presentation adapter while preserving retail request and busy ordering. Add direct/graphical parity, reset, failure, and instance-isolation coverage.

Co-authored-by: Codex <noreply@openai.com>

docs/architecture/retail-divergence-register.md

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ AP-94..AP-112 for the confirmed retail-UI completion gaps.
 | AP-21 | Entity translucency retains the invented α<0.05 fragment discard. World GfxObj/Setup instances now apply their DAT AlphaBlend/Additive/InvAlpha factors through the retail shared alpha queue, but sealed off-screen WbDrawDispatcher consumers (paperdoll/UI Studio) retain the old immediate normal-alpha pass for all three kinds | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Shaders/mesh_modern.frag`; `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/Wb/WbDrawDispatcher.cs` (`DrawDeferredAlphaBatch` versus immediate Phase 8) | World presentation needed exact per-surface blend for spell/particle density and translucent-object intersections. Off-screen object previews are isolated render targets and have not shown an authored additive entity surface that justifies splitting their compact immediate pass | A faint world fringe below 5% alpha is discarded; a hypothetical additive/inverse-alpha paperdoll or UI Studio entity composites darker than retail inside that private viewport | `D3DPolyRender::SetSurface`; `D3DPolyRender::RenderMeshSubset`; SurfaceType.Additive → D3DBLEND_ONE |
 | AP-22 | Invented `setup.Radius` cylinder (height = Height or Radius×2) for shapeless live entities; shape + height formula not from the retail shape walk | `src/AcDream.App/Physics/LiveEntityCollisionBuilder.cs`; `src/AcDream.Core/Physics/ShadowShapeBuilder.cs` | ShadowShapeBuilder (faithful walk) only emits CylSphere/Sphere/Part-BSP; the legacy cylinder preserves prior behavior so rare decorative props don't lose collision | Those props collide with an invented footprint (especially the Radius×2 height guess) — slides/blocks at non-retail distances | `find_obj_collisions` → `CPartArray::FindObjCollisions` pc:286236 |
 | AP-23 | Invented per-type pickup-radius heuristic (3 m creatures / 2 m doors-lifestones-portals-corpses / 0.6 m rest) for close-range gating plus the speculative local TurnToObject/MoveToObject install through the player's MoveToManager. **R5-V3 narrowed it:** the install threads the target's real Setup radius/height (`GetSetupCylinder`, same as wire mt-6) and the player's real radius; only the radius buckets remain invented. **Use retired from this seam 2026-07-25** and now sends immediately. | `src/AcDream.App/Interaction/WorldSelectionQuery.cs` (`TryGetApproach`/`GetUseRadius`); `src/AcDream.App/Interaction/PlayerInteractionMovementSink.cs` (`BeginApproach`) | The retained pickup presentation reserves a destination slot before the authoritative transfer; its close branch still needs an arrival boundary | A target whose real UseRadius differs from the bucket misjudges the pickup gate — pickup waits forever or fires early into a server "too far" | ACE Player_Move.cs:66; wire MoveToObject (type 6) carries the true radius; `CPhysicsObj::TurnToObject/MoveToObject` callers §9a/§9b |
-| ~~AP-24~~ | **RETIRED 2026-07-11** — matching v11.4186 x86 disassembly recovered `ATTACK_POWERUP_TIME=1.0` seconds and `DUAL_WIELD_POWERUP_TIME=0.8` seconds from the operands loaded by `GetPowerBarLevel`; jump and combat now share those constants. | `src/AcDream.Core/Combat/CombatModel.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Input/PlayerMovementController.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Combat/CombatAttackController.cs` | — | — | `ClientCombatSystem::GetPowerBarLevel @ 0x0056ADE0`; static data `0x007CEFC8/0x007CEFD0` |
+| ~~AP-24~~ | **RETIRED 2026-07-11** — matching v11.4186 x86 disassembly recovered `ATTACK_POWERUP_TIME=1.0` seconds and `DUAL_WIELD_POWERUP_TIME=0.8` seconds from the operands loaded by `GetPowerBarLevel`; jump and combat now share those constants. | `src/AcDream.Core/Combat/CombatModel.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Input/PlayerMovementController.cs`; `src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatAttackState.cs` | — | — | `ClientCombatSystem::GetPowerBarLevel @ 0x0056ADE0`; static data `0x007CEFC8/0x007CEFD0` |
 | AP-25 | Run/Jump skill pushed to movement = attributeBonus + Init + Ranks — no augmentations, multipliers, or vitae | `src/AcDream.Core.Net/GameEventWiring.cs:346` | Closest to ACE's CreatureSkill.Current short of porting the full Aug/Multiplier/Vitae chain (K-fix7/13) | A character with augs or post-death vitae predicts wrong local run speed / jump arc — dying would NOT slow the local player though the server moves them slower: drift + snap-back | ACE CreatureSkill.Current; ACE Skill.cs (Jump=22, Run=24) |
 | AP-26 | DDD interrogation answered with an empty dat-version list (count=0); retail reports actual dat iteration state | `src/AcDream.Core.Net/Messages/DddInterrogationResponse.cs:18` | ACE is satisfied by the empty ack; pattern from holtburger | A dat-patching-enabled server could push a full patch or reject on version mismatch — the lie is harmless only while the server never acts on it | DDD flow 0xF7E5/0xF7E6 |
 | AP-27 | PlayerDescription trailer: GameplayOptions skipped by a 4-byte-aligned heuristic scan for a valid inventory parse; options blob captured opaque, never decoded (retail decodes + applies UI options) | `src/AcDream.Core.Net/Messages/PlayerDescriptionParser.cs:69` | Variable-length opaque blobs; mirrors holtburger's heuristics; follow-up issue extends when panels consume those sections | An options blob that coincidentally parses as a valid inventory (or inventory not landing at EOF) yields wrong/empty inventory+equipped at login; retail-persisted UI options silently ignored | ACE GameEventPlayerDescription.WriteEventBody; holtburger events.rs:195-218 |
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ AP-94..AP-112 for the confirmed retail-UI completion gaps.
 | AP-109 | Character Titles page is inert and live displayed-title/luminance state is absent | `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/CharacterStatController.cs`; `CharacterSheetProvider.cs` | Attributes/skills core output is user-accepted | Titles cannot be selected/displayed and level-200 luminance fields are missing | `gmCharacterTitleUI @ 0x0049A610`; `gmStatManagementUI::UpdateExperience @ 0x004F0A70` |
 | AP-110 | Remaining retained gameplay panels and world HUD are absent: advanced-combat powerbar, residual social/floating chat, quests/map/options/smartbox, vendor/trade/salvage/tinkering, mini-game gameplay, Link Status NAK/retransmission packet-loss averaging, and D.6 nameplates/floaters. Examination has its independent authored floaty layout, inscription transaction, retail creature stat/rating/animated-preview presentation, default selection-follow, authored local spell subview with appropriate-formula component state, and the full EoR item-report dispatch: appraisal-only unknowns; exact equipment-set/rating/tinkering/weapon/armor/caster/requirement/XP/healer/rare prose and intentional blank section rows; ordinary/enchantment DAT spell descriptions; live material-decorated appropriate titles plus DAT material and creature names; expiry, decorated material/gem descriptions; and portal/PK restrictions with authored item colors. It still lacks item-object preview, player-dependent effective shield projection, live cooldown-remaining projection, localized augmentation-cost `StringInfo`, exhaustive character detail regions, and exact creature appraisal FontInfo-list selection. | `src/AcDream.App/UI/RetailUiRuntime.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/AppraisalUiController.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/ItemAppraisalTextFormatter.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/RetailAppraisalNameResolver.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/CreatureAppraisalRows.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/CreatureAppraisalPresentation.cs`; `src/AcDream.Core.Net/LinkStatusSnapshot.cs`; D.5/D.6 roadmap | Basic combat, M3 magic/Link/Vitae surfaces, and the core examination request/presentation/inscription/creature-preview/item-report loop cover the active loops; the residual examination mechanisms require live player/enchantment/localization state or object-preview ownership rather than fabricated content | Item assessments omit only the listed live/localized/preview projections; enchanted/incomplete creature appraisal rows use the normal authored font until the exact FontInfo list is bound; other absent panels remain unavailable; real packet loss is displayed as 0.00% instead of retail's moving average | `BasicCreatureExamineUI::Init @ 0x004AB9C0`; `CreatureExamineUI::SetAppraiseInfo @ 0x004B3FF0`; `gmExaminationUI::RecvNotice_SelectionChanged @ 0x004AB3D0`; `gmExaminationUI::ExamineSpell @ 0x004B6900`; `SpellExamineUI::ExamineSpell @ 0x004B6210`; `AttributeInfoRegion::Update @ 0x004F1D90`; `gmExaminationUI::SetAppraiseInfo @ 0x004ADAE0`; `ACCWeenieObject::GetObjectName @ 0x0058E6E0`; `ItemExamineUI::SetAppraiseInfo @ 0x004B72B0`; `ItemExamineUI::AddItemInfo @ 0x004AC050`; `ItemExamineUI::Appraisal_ShowCapacity @ 0x004B2680`; `ItemExamineUI::Appraisal_ShowSpecialProperties @ 0x004B0140`; `ItemExamineUI::Appraisal_ShowWeaponAndArmorData @ 0x004B10E0`; `ItemExamineUI::Appraisal_ShowMagicInfo @ 0x004B2E10`; `ItemExamineUI::Appraisal_ShowDescription @ 0x004B6990`; `MaterialTypeEnumMapper::MaterialTypeToString @ 0x005CD500`; `ItemExamineUI::SetInscription @ 0x004AE2F0`; `CM_Writing::Event_SetInscription @ 0x006A98B0`; `CLinkStatusAverages::GetAveragePacketLoss @ 0x00546610`; LayoutDesc catalog |
 | ~~AP-111~~ | **RETIRED 2026-07-11 (M2 held-object parenting)** — equipped hand items are no longer omitted from the render world. CreateObject now preserves Placement/Parent/position timestamp bootstrap; live `0xF749` ParentEvent is parsed with retail sequence freshness; a focused render controller resolves `Setup.HoldingLocations`, applies the child's placement frame, and recomposes the separate child entity after every parent animation tick. Pickup retains the weenie's visual metadata for a later wield. | `src/AcDream.Core.Net/Messages/{CreateObject,ParentEvent}.cs`; `src/AcDream.Core/Meshing/EquippedChildAttachment.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/EquippedChildRenderController.cs` | — | — | `ClientCombatSystem::GetDefaultCombatMode @ 0x0056B310`; `SmartBox::HandleParentEvent @ 0x004535D0`; `CPhysicsObj::set_parent @ 0x00515A90`; `CPhysicsObj::UpdateChild @ 0x00512D50` |
-| AP-112 | The basic combat bar ports visibility, height selection, desired-power slider, exact 1.0/0.8-second charge, ready-stance gating, request/release, `MaybeStopCompletely`, server-response queueing, and auto-repeat, but still omits `StartAttackRequest`'s `FinishJump` call and exact trained-Recklessness visibility semantics (IA-20 keeps the dark range as the accepted baseline) | `src/AcDream.App/Combat/CombatAttackController.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/CombatUiController.cs` | The shared player movement owner now performs retail's server-control-gated full stop and movement report before an attack build; the remaining seams require the jump owner and a distinct Recklessness treatment | Starting an attack while charging a jump may not finish that jump exactly when retail does; trained/untrained Recklessness presentation is identical | `ClientCombatSystem::StartAttackRequest @ 0x0056C040`; `CommandInterpreter::MaybeStopCompletely @ 0x006B3B90`; `gmCombatUI::ListenToElementMessage @ 0x004CC430` |
+| AP-112 | The basic combat bar ports visibility, height selection, desired-power slider, exact 1.0/0.8-second charge, ready-stance gating, request/release, `MaybeStopCompletely`, server-response queueing, and auto-repeat, but still omits `StartAttackRequest`'s `FinishJump` call and exact trained-Recklessness visibility semantics (IA-20 keeps the dark range as the accepted baseline) | `src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatAttackState.cs`; `src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/CombatUiController.cs` | The shared player movement owner now performs retail's server-control-gated full stop and movement report before an attack build; the remaining seams require the jump owner and a distinct Recklessness treatment | Starting an attack while charging a jump may not finish that jump exactly when retail does; trained/untrained Recklessness presentation is identical | `ClientCombatSystem::StartAttackRequest @ 0x0056C040`; `CommandInterpreter::MaybeStopCompletely @ 0x006B3B90`; `gmCombatUI::ListenToElementMessage @ 0x004CC430` |
 | AP-113 | Invalid lifestone-command arguments display the local text `Usage: /lifestone`; retail definitely emits a local usage/error line but Binary Ninja misidentifies the referenced wide-string address, so its exact wording is not yet recovered | `src/AcDream.UI.Abstractions/Panels/Chat/ChatCommandRouter.cs`; `RetailClientCommandCatalog.cs` | The behavior boundary is exact (handled locally, no chat and no game action); only a low-impact diagnostic sentence differs | `/ls now` can show different wording/color from retail while still refusing the invalid request correctly | `ClientCommunicationSystem::DoLifestone @ 0x0056FC70` |
 
 | ~~AP-114~~ | **RETIRED 2026-07-14 (protection-effect corrective gate)** — the particle renderer no longer replaces every authored GfxObj with one bounding-box quad. Retail `Always2D` classification preserves mode-1/no-degrade full meshes through the modern shared mesh buffer and leaves only other degrade modes on the billboard path; stable emitter handles balance mesh ownership. | `src/AcDream.App/Rendering/ParticleRenderer.cs`; `RetailParticleGeometryClassifier.cs`; `particle_mesh.vert/.frag` | — | — | `CPhysicsPart::Draw @ 0x0050D7A0`; `CPhysicsPart::Always2D @ 0x0050D8A0`; `ParticleEmitter::SetInfo @ 0x0051CE90`; `docs/research/2026-07-13-retail-projectile-vfx-pseudocode.md` |

docs/research/2026-07-26-slice-j5-3-combat-magic-intent.md

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# Slice J5.3 — retail combat and magic intent ownership
+
+## Scope
+
+This note pins the retail ordering that must remain unchanged while the
+presentation-independent combat and casting state moves from `AcDream.App` to
+`AcDream.Runtime`. The move changes ownership and command types only. ACE
+remains authoritative for combat mode settlement, attacks, casts, damage,
+motion, component consumption, effects, and completion.
+
+Primary oracle:
+`docs/research/named-retail/acclient_2013_pseudo_c.txt`.
+
+Cross-checks:
+
+- the ACE/ACViewer request-layout cross-checks pinned in
+  `docs/research/2026-07-11-retail-combat-bar-pseudocode.md` and
+  `docs/research/2026-07-15-retail-magic-ui-and-casting-pseudocode.md`;
+- the ACE corpse/death-state cross-check pinned in
+  `docs/research/2026-07-12-death-and-auto-target-pseudocode.md`;
+- existing conformance ports in
+  `src/AcDream.Core/Combat/CombatModel.cs` and
+  `src/AcDream.Core/Spells/RetailSpellTargetPolicy.cs`
+
+## Named retail mechanisms
+
+### `ClientCombatSystem::Begin @ 0x0056A460`
+
+Pseudocode:
+
+```text
+combatMode = NonCombat
+pendingCombatMode = Undefined
+clear jump and power-bar timing
+clear request, server-pending, queued-request, attack, and repeat state
+requestedPower = 0
+requestedHeight = Medium
+desiredUiPower = 0.5
+trackingTarget = false
+advancedCombat = false
+```
+
+This is the session-reset state of the Runtime combat-intent owner.
+
+### `ClientCombatSystem::StartAttackRequest @ 0x0056C040`
+
+Pseudocode:
+
+```text
+target = GetAttackTarget()
+if advanced combat or (target exists and ObjectIsAttackable(target)):
+    attackRequestInProgress = true
+    requestedAttackPower = 1.0
+    FinishJump()
+    MaybeStopCompletely()
+    currentBuildIsAutomatic = false
+    AttemptStartBuildingAttack()
+else:
+    display the retail invalid-target notice
+```
+
+The request flags commit before the shared movement owner is asked to finish
+jump/stop. The host operation preserves that exact boundary and may publish
+the resulting movement packet before a later attack send.
+
+### `StartPowerBarBuild @ 0x0056ADB0`,
+`EndAttackRequest @ 0x0056C0E0`, and `UseTime @ 0x0056C1F0`
+
+Pseudocode:
+
+```text
+StartPowerBarBuild:
+    buildInProgress = true
+    buildStartTime = current game time
+    publish level 0
+    latestPowerBarLevel = 0
+
+EndAttackRequest:
+    if no request: return
+    requestInProgress = false
+    currentLevel = GetPowerBarLevel()
+    requestedPower = explicit power, advanced current level,
+                     or min(desiredUiPower, currentLevel)
+    if server response pending:
+        remember one queued release
+    else if desired power reached or repeating:
+        ExecuteAttack()
+
+UseTime:
+    while building, publish the current level
+    if the player is not ready, cancel/reset according to repeat state
+    after release, execute once the captured requested level is reached
+```
+
+### `AbortAutomaticAttack @ 0x0056AE90`
+
+If a request, attack, server response, or repeat is active, retail sends
+`Event_CancelAttack`, clears repeat, and hides the combat power build.
+`ACCmdInterp::HandleNewForwardMovement @ 0x0058B1F0` invokes this before the
+new forward movement enters the interpreter. Runtime therefore receives a
+typed movement-abort command at that existing ordering boundary.
+
+### `HandleAttackDoneEvent @ 0x0056C500`
+
+Retail releases the attack busy reference (when held), clears server-pending
+state, aborts repeat on authoritative error, starts the next automatic build
+or attack only when repeat remains enabled, and finally drains the one queued
+release. Runtime must never predict completion.
+
+### `GetDefaultCombatMode @ 0x0056B310` and
+`ToggleCombatMode @ 0x0056C8C0`
+
+From non-combat, retail scans equipped contents in inventory-placement order:
+missile equipment selects Missile, a caster in Held selects Magic, ordinary
+melee/two-handed equipment selects Melee, and an incompatible Held item
+rejects the transition with its item-name notice. With no weapon it selects
+unarmed Melee. From any combat mode, Toggle selects NonCombat without running
+the default scan.
+
+The exact decision remains the existing Core port
+`CombatInputPlanner.GetDefaultCombatModeDecision`; Runtime owns the command
+state and App supplies ordered equipment plus transport/presentation sinks.
+
+### `RecvNotice_SelectionChanged @ 0x0056BD80` and
+`AutoTarget @ 0x0056BC80`
+
+When selection becomes zero in Melee/Missile mode and Auto Target is enabled,
+retail enters its next-target selection path. An authoritative Dead motion
+makes the current target unavailable and reaches the same selection-change
+path. Runtime owns the identity transition; App supplies the world query that
+selects the closest retail-compatible hostile.
+
+### `ClientMagicSystem::CastSpell @ 0x00568040`
+
+Pseudocode:
+
+```text
+resolve the exact known spell metadata
+if components are required:
+    resolve the appropriate formula
+    reject when a required component is unavailable
+resolve self, untargeted, or selected target
+validate the target against the spell target mask
+FreeHandsAndCastSpell(spellId, targetId)
+```
+
+### `ClientMagicSystem::FreeHandsAndCastSpell @ 0x00566EF0`
+
+Pseudocode:
+
+```text
+MaybeStopCompletely()
+if targetId == 0:
+    Event_CastUntargetedSpell(spellId)
+else:
+    Event_CastTargetedSpell(targetId, spellId)
+IncrementBusyCount()
+```
+
+The cast owner therefore stops first, emits exactly one packet, and increments
+the shared busy reference only after a successful send. It does not locally
+turn the avatar: retail sends after `MaybeStopCompletely`, and the
+authoritative server turn/cast motion supplies the visible facing. Send
+failure clears the remembered request and cannot increment busy.
+
+`ClientMagicSystem::OnEndCharacterSession @ 0x00566F50` clears selected and
+targeting spell state, which maps to Runtime session reset.
+
+## Ownership result
+
+Runtime owns:
+
+- attack build/request/repeat/queued-release state and time;
+- typed attack commands and movement-abort intent;
+- combat-mode command policy;
+- authoritative target-death/auto-target identity transitions;
+- cast validation intent and last requested spell/target;
+- reset, teardown, revisions, and presentation-independent snapshots.
+
+App retains:
+
+- input-key and retained-widget mapping;
+- ordered equipped-object and closest-hostile world queries;
+- local movement preparation and outbound transport;
+- target/spell compatibility data that depends on the live object table;
+- DAT spell catalog/formulas/components/icons;
+- messages, bars, animations, audio, particles, and camera presentation.
+
+No new retail divergence is introduced by this ownership move.

src/AcDream.App/Combat/LiveCombatAttackOperations.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.App.Net;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Settings;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
@@ -54,11 +55,12 @@ internal sealed class CombatFeedbackSlot : ICombatFeedbackSink
     public void Show(string message) => _viewModel?.AddToast(message);
 }
 
-internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot : ICombatAttackOperations
+internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot
+    : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
 {
-    private ICombatAttackOperations? _owner;
+    private IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations? _owner;
 
-    public void Bind(ICombatAttackOperations owner)
+    public void Bind(IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations owner)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(owner);
         if (_owner is not null && !ReferenceEquals(_owner, owner))
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot : ICombatAttackOperations
         _owner = owner;
     }
 
-    public IDisposable BindOwned(ICombatAttackOperations owner)
+    public IDisposable BindOwned(IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations owner)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(owner);
         if (_owner is not null)
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot : ICombatAttackOperations
         return new Binding(this, owner);
     }
 
-    private void Unbind(ICombatAttackOperations expected)
+    private void Unbind(IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations expected)
     {
         if (ReferenceEquals(_owner, expected))
             _owner = null;
@@ -95,11 +97,11 @@ internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot : ICombatAttackOperations
     private sealed class Binding : IDisposable
     {
         private CombatAttackOperationsSlot? _slot;
-        private readonly ICombatAttackOperations _expected;
+        private readonly IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations _expected;
 
         public Binding(
             CombatAttackOperationsSlot slot,
-            ICombatAttackOperations expected)
+            IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations expected)
         {
             _slot = slot;
             _expected = expected;
@@ -114,7 +116,8 @@ internal sealed class CombatAttackOperationsSlot : ICombatAttackOperations
 /// Production combat request dependencies. The attack state machine retains
 /// this typed owner rather than callbacks into the application window.
 /// </summary>
-internal sealed class LiveCombatAttackOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
+internal sealed class LiveCombatAttackOperations
+    : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
 {
     private readonly CombatState _combat;
     private readonly ICombatAttackTargetSource _targets;

src/AcDream.App/Combat/LiveCombatModeCommandController.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Net;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.Runtime.Session;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
@@ -164,37 +165,96 @@ internal sealed class LiveCombatModeCommandSlot : ILiveCombatModeCommand
     }
 }
 
-/// <summary>
+internal sealed class RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot
-/// Owns the input-facing combat-mode command. The choice itself remains the
+    : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
-/// retail port in <see cref="CombatInputPlanner"/>:
+{
-/// <c>ClientCombatSystem::GetDefaultCombatMode @ 0x0056B310</c> and
+    private IRuntimeCombatModeOperations? _owner;
-/// <c>ClientCombatSystem::ToggleCombatMode @ 0x0056C8C0</c>. ACE remains the
+
-/// authority; the local state update preserves the accepted immediate toolbar
+    public IDisposable BindOwned(IRuntimeCombatModeOperations owner)
-/// response while the server confirmation travels through the normal route.
+    {
-/// </summary>
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(owner);
-internal sealed class LiveCombatModeCommandController : ILiveCombatModeCommand
+        if (_owner is not null)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "Runtime combat-mode operations are already bound.");
+        _owner = owner;
+        return new Binding(this, owner);
+    }
+
+    private void Unbind(IRuntimeCombatModeOperations expected)
+    {
+        if (ReferenceEquals(_owner, expected))
+            _owner = null;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsInWorld => _owner?.IsInWorld == true;
+    public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment() =>
+        _owner?.GetOrderedEquipment() ?? [];
+    public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() =>
+        _owner?.NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest();
+    public void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode) =>
+        _owner?.SendChangeCombatMode(mode);
+
+    private sealed class Binding : IDisposable
+    {
+        private RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot? _slot;
+        private readonly IRuntimeCombatModeOperations _expected;
+
+        public Binding(
+            RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot slot,
+            IRuntimeCombatModeOperations expected)
+        {
+            _slot = slot;
+            _expected = expected;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose() =>
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _slot, null)?.Unbind(_expected);
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class LiveCombatModeOperations
+    : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
 {
     private readonly ILiveCombatModeAuthority _authority;
     private readonly ICombatEquipmentSource _equipment;
-    private readonly CombatState _combat;
     private readonly IExplicitCombatModeIntentSink _itemIntent;
+
+    public LiveCombatModeOperations(
+        ILiveCombatModeAuthority authority,
+        ICombatEquipmentSource equipment,
+        IExplicitCombatModeIntentSink itemIntent)
+    {
+        _authority = authority ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(authority));
+        _equipment = equipment ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(equipment));
+        _itemIntent = itemIntent ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(itemIntent));
+    }
+
+    public bool IsInWorld => _authority.IsInWorld;
+    public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment() =>
+        _equipment.GetOrderedEquipment();
+    public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() =>
+        _itemIntent.NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest();
+    public void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode) =>
+        _authority.SendChangeCombatMode(mode);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// App presentation adapter for Runtime's retail combat-mode decision.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class RuntimeCombatModeCommandAdapter : ILiveCombatModeCommand
+{
+    private readonly RuntimeCombatModeState _owner;
     private readonly Action<string> _log;
     private readonly Action<string>? _toast;
     private readonly Action<string> _systemMessage;
 
-    public LiveCombatModeCommandController(
+    public RuntimeCombatModeCommandAdapter(
-        ILiveCombatModeAuthority authority,
+        RuntimeCombatModeState owner,
-        ICombatEquipmentSource equipment,
-        CombatState combat,
-        IExplicitCombatModeIntentSink itemIntent,
         Action<string>? log = null,
         Action<string>? toast = null,
         Action<string>? systemMessage = null)
     {
-        _authority = authority ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(authority));
+        _owner = owner ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(owner));
-        _equipment = equipment ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(equipment));
-        _combat = combat ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(combat));
-        _itemIntent = itemIntent ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(itemIntent));
         _log = log ?? (_ => { });
         _toast = toast;
         _systemMessage = systemMessage ?? (_ => { });
@@ -202,48 +262,19 @@ internal sealed class LiveCombatModeCommandController : ILiveCombatModeCommand
 
     public void Toggle()
     {
-        if (!_authority.IsInWorld)
+        RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result = _owner.Toggle();
+        if (result.Status == RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Inactive)
             return;
 
-        // Every explicit user combat request supersedes an in-flight auto-wield
+        if (result.Status == RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Rejected)
-        // settlement, including a request retail rejects before SetCombatMode.
-        _itemIntent.NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest();
-
-        CombatMode currentMode = _combat.CurrentMode;
-        CombatMode nextMode;
-        if (currentMode != CombatMode.NonCombat)
         {
-            // ToggleCombatMode @ 0x0056C8C0 immediately selects NonCombat and
+            string notice = result.Notice ?? string.Empty;
-            // never queries default equipment on this branch.
+            _log($"combat: {notice}");
-            nextMode = CombatMode.NonCombat;
+            _systemMessage(notice);
-        }
+            return;
-        else
-        {
-            DefaultCombatModeDecision defaultDecision =
-                CombatInputPlanner.GetDefaultCombatModeDecision(
-                    _equipment.GetOrderedEquipment());
-            nextMode = CombatInputPlanner.ToggleMode(
-                currentMode,
-                defaultDecision.Mode);
-
-            // GetDefaultCombatMode prints this notice before SetCombatMode.
-            // SetCombatMode then sees NonCombat == NonCombat and does no work.
-            if (defaultDecision.IncompatibleHeldItem is { } held)
-            {
-                string notice =
-                    $"You can't enter combat mode while wielding the {held.GetAppropriateName()}";
-                _log($"combat: {notice}");
-                _systemMessage(notice);
-                return;
-            }
         }
 
-        // Preserve the accepted command order: explicit intent was published
+        string message = $"Combat mode {result.Mode}";
-        // above, then send the request and publish local presentation.
-        _authority.SendChangeCombatMode(nextMode);
-        _combat.SetCombatMode(nextMode);
-
-        string message = $"Combat mode {nextMode}";
         _log($"combat: {message}");
         _toast?.Invoke(message);
     }

src/AcDream.App/Combat/RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Early Runtime construction seam for the App-owned closest-hostile query.
+/// The slot owns no target identity or selection state.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot
+    : IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+{
+    private IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations? _owner;
+
+    public IDisposable BindOwned(IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations owner)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(owner);
+        if (_owner is not null)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "Runtime combat-target operations are already bound.");
+        _owner = owner;
+        return new Binding(this, owner);
+    }
+
+    private void Unbind(IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations expected)
+    {
+        if (ReferenceEquals(_owner, expected))
+            _owner = null;
+    }
+
+    public bool AutoTarget => _owner?.AutoTarget == true;
+    public uint? SelectClosestTarget() => _owner?.SelectClosestTarget();
+
+    private sealed class Binding : IDisposable
+    {
+        private RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot? _slot;
+        private readonly IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations _expected;
+
+        public Binding(
+            RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot slot,
+            IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations expected)
+        {
+            _slot = slot;
+            _expected = expected;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose() =>
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _slot, null)?.Unbind(_expected);
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class LiveCombatTargetOperations(
+    Func<bool> autoTarget,
+    Func<uint?> selectClosestTarget)
+    : IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+{
+    private readonly Func<bool> _autoTarget = autoTarget
+        ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(autoTarget));
+    private readonly Func<uint?> _selectClosestTarget = selectClosestTarget
+        ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selectClosestTarget));
+
+    public bool AutoTarget => _autoTarget();
+    public uint? SelectClosestTarget() => _selectClosestTarget();
+}

src/AcDream.App/Composition/InteractionRetainedUiComposition.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ internal sealed record InteractionRetainedUiDependencies(
     InputDispatcher? InputDispatcher,
     RuntimeSettingsController Settings,
     RuntimeActionState Actions,
-    ICombatAttackOperations CombatAttackOperations,
+    IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations CombatAttackOperations,
+    RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot CombatTargetOperations,
+    RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot SpellCastOperations,
     RuntimeInventoryState Inventory,
     MagicCatalog MagicCatalog,
     RuntimeCharacterState Character,
@@ -70,14 +72,13 @@ internal sealed record RetainedUiComposition(
     VitalsVM Vitals,
     ChatVM Chat,
     CharacterSheetProvider CharacterSheet,
-    MagicRuntime Magic,
     FrameScreenshotController? Screenshots);
 
 internal sealed record InteractionRetainedUiResult(
-    CombatAttackController CombatAttack,
+    RuntimeCombatAttackState CombatAttack,
-    CombatTargetController CombatTarget,
     ExternalContainerLifecycleController ExternalContainerLifecycle,
     ItemInteractionController ItemInteraction,
+    MagicRuntime Magic,
     RetainedUiComposition? RetainedUi,
     InteractionUiLateBindings LateBindings);
 
@@ -89,16 +90,15 @@ internal interface IGameWindowInteractionRetainedUiPublication
 internal enum InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint
 {
     LateBindingsCreated,
-    CombatAttackCreated,
     CombatTargetCreated,
     ExternalContainerLifecycleCreated,
     ItemInteractionCreated,
+    MagicRuntimeCreated,
     RetainedUiDisabled,
     UiHostAcquired,
     InputCaptureBound,
     CursorAssetsCreated,
     CharacterSheetCreated,
-    MagicRuntimeCreated,
     MouseInputWired,
     KeyboardInputWired,
     UiAssetsCreated,
@@ -225,10 +225,7 @@ internal sealed class InteractionUiLateBindings : IDisposable
 
 internal interface IInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
 {
-    CombatAttackController CreateCombatAttack(
+    IDisposable BindCombatTarget(
-        InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies);
-
-    CombatTargetController CreateCombatTarget(
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
         DeferredSelectionUiAuthority selection);
 
@@ -240,12 +237,18 @@ internal interface IInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
         InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings);
 
+    MagicRuntime CreateMagicRuntime(
+        InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
+        InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings,
+        ItemInteractionController itemInteraction);
+
     RetainedUiComposition CreateRetainedUi(
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
         InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings,
         RetailUiRuntimeLease lease,
-        CombatAttackController combatAttack,
+        RuntimeCombatAttackState combatAttack,
         ItemInteractionController itemInteraction,
+        MagicRuntime magic,
         Action<InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint> checkpoint);
 
     void Release(IDisposable resource);
@@ -254,19 +257,13 @@ internal interface IInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
 internal sealed class RetailInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
     : IInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
 {
-    public CombatAttackController CreateCombatAttack(
+    public IDisposable BindCombatTarget(
-        InteractionRetainedUiDependencies d) =>
-        new(d.Actions.Combat, d.CombatAttackOperations);
-
-    public CombatTargetController CreateCombatTarget(
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies d,
         DeferredSelectionUiAuthority selection) =>
-        new(
+        d.CombatTargetOperations.BindOwned(new LiveCombatTargetOperations(
-            d.Actions.Combat,
-            d.Actions.Selection,
             autoTarget: () => d.Settings.Gameplay.AutoTarget,
             selectClosestTarget: () =>
-                selection.SelectClosestCombatTarget(showToast: false));
+                selection.SelectClosestCombatTarget(showToast: false)));
 
     public ExternalContainerLifecycleController CreateExternalContainerLifecycle(
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies d,
@@ -339,12 +336,38 @@ internal sealed class RetailInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
             requestUse: selection.RequestUse);
     }
 
+    public MagicRuntime CreateMagicRuntime(
+        InteractionRetainedUiDependencies d,
+        InteractionUiLateBindings late,
+        ItemInteractionController itemInteraction) =>
+        MagicRuntime.Create(
+            d.MagicCatalog,
+            d.Actions.SpellCast,
+            d.SpellCastOperations,
+            d.Inventory.Objects,
+            localPlayerId: () => d.PlayerIdentity.ServerGuid,
+            accountName: () => late.Session.AccountName
+                ?? d.Options.LiveUser
+                ?? string.Empty,
+            stopCompletely: d.CombatAttackOperations.PrepareAttackRequest,
+            sendUntargeted: spellId =>
+                late.Session.CurrentSession?.SendCastUntargetedSpell(spellId),
+            sendTargeted: (target, spellId) =>
+                late.Session.CurrentSession?.SendCastTargetedSpell(
+                    target,
+                    spellId),
+            displayMessage:
+                text => d.Communication.Chat.OnSystemMessage(text, 0x1Au),
+            incrementBusy: itemInteraction.IncrementBusyCount,
+            canSend: () => late.Session.IsInWorld);
+
     public RetainedUiComposition CreateRetainedUi(
         InteractionRetainedUiDependencies d,
         InteractionUiLateBindings late,
         RetailUiRuntimeLease lease,
-        CombatAttackController combatAttack,
+        RuntimeCombatAttackState combatAttack,
         ItemInteractionController itemInteraction,
+        MagicRuntime magic,
         Action<InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint> checkpoint)
     {
         IDisposable? inputCapture = null;
@@ -404,27 +427,6 @@ internal sealed class RetailInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
                         credits));
             checkpoint(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CharacterSheetCreated);
 
-            MagicRuntime magic = MagicRuntime.Create(
-                d.MagicCatalog,
-                d.Character.Spellbook,
-                d.Inventory.Objects,
-                selectedObject: () =>
-                    d.Actions.Selection.SelectedObjectId,
-                localPlayerId: () => d.PlayerIdentity.ServerGuid,
-                accountName: () => late.Session.AccountName
-                    ?? d.Options.LiveUser
-                    ?? string.Empty,
-                stopCompletely: d.CombatAttackOperations.PrepareAttackRequest,
-                sendUntargeted: spellId =>
-                    late.Session.CurrentSession?.SendCastUntargetedSpell(spellId),
-                sendTargeted: (target, spellId) =>
-                    late.Session.CurrentSession?.SendCastTargetedSpell(target, spellId),
-                displayMessage:
-                    text => d.Communication.Chat.OnSystemMessage(text, 0x1Au),
-                incrementBusy: itemInteraction.IncrementBusyCount,
-                canSend: () => late.Session.IsInWorld);
-            checkpoint(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated);
-
             uint MagicSkillLevel(MagicSchool school)
             {
                 static uint SkillId(MagicSchool value) => value switch
@@ -717,7 +719,6 @@ internal sealed class RetailInteractionRetainedUiCompositionFactory
                 vitals,
                 chat,
                 characterSheet,
-                magic,
                 screenshots);
         }
         catch (Exception failure)
@@ -805,15 +806,12 @@ internal sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPhase
                 _dependencies.SelectionCameraFactory(late.SelectionViewPlane));
             Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.LateBindingsCreated);
 
-            var attackLease = scope.Acquire(
+            IDisposable combatTargetBinding = _factory.BindCombatTarget(
-                "combat attack controller",
+                _dependencies,
-                () => _factory.CreateCombatAttack(_dependencies),
+                late.Selection);
-                _factory.Release);
+            late.AdoptLateOwnerBinding(
-            Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatAttackCreated);
+                "combat-target operations",
-            var targetLease = scope.Acquire(
+                combatTargetBinding);
-                "combat target controller",
-                () => _factory.CreateCombatTarget(_dependencies, late.Selection),
-                _factory.Release);
             Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatTargetCreated);
             var externalLease = scope.Acquire(
                 "external container lifecycle",
@@ -827,6 +825,14 @@ internal sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPhase
                 () => _factory.CreateItemInteraction(_dependencies, late),
                 _factory.Release);
             Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ItemInteractionCreated);
+            var magicLease = scope.Acquire(
+                "magic runtime",
+                () => _factory.CreateMagicRuntime(
+                    _dependencies,
+                    late,
+                    itemLease.Resource),
+                _factory.Release);
+            Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated);
 
             var uiLease = scope.Own(
                 "retained UI runtime lease",
@@ -839,8 +845,9 @@ internal sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPhase
                     _dependencies,
                     late,
                     _retainedUiLease,
-                    attackLease.Resource,
+                    _dependencies.Actions.CombatAttack,
                     itemLease.Resource,
+                    magicLease.Resource,
                     Fault);
             }
             else
@@ -849,18 +856,17 @@ internal sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPhase
             }
 
             var result = new InteractionRetainedUiResult(
-                attackLease.Resource,
+                _dependencies.Actions.CombatAttack,
-                targetLease.Resource,
                 externalLease.Resource,
                 itemLease.Resource,
+                magicLease.Resource,
                 retainedUi,
                 late);
             _publication.PublishInteractionRetainedUi(result);
             lateLease.Transfer();
-            attackLease.Transfer();
-            targetLease.Transfer();
             externalLease.Transfer();
             itemLease.Transfer();
+            magicLease.Transfer();
             uiLease.Transfer();
             Fault(InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ResultPublished);
             scope.Complete();

src/AcDream.App/Composition/SessionPlayerComposition.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ internal sealed record SessionPlayerDependencies(
     WorldSceneDebugState WorldSceneDebugState,
     RuntimeDiagnosticCommandSlot RuntimeDiagnosticCommands,
     LiveCombatModeCommandSlot CombatModeCommands,
+    RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot CombatModeOperations,
     HostQuiescenceGate HostQuiescence,
     PhysicsEngine PhysicsEngine,
     PhysicsDataCache PhysicsDataCache,
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ internal sealed class SessionPlayerCompositionPhase
             d.PhysicsEngine,
             content.Dats,
             content.AnimationLoader,
-            interaction.CombatTarget,
+            d.Actions.CombatTarget,
             d.WorldOrigin,
             d.TeleportSink,
             d.PlayerController,
@@ -804,7 +805,7 @@ internal sealed class SessionPlayerCompositionPhase
                 interaction.RetainedUi?.Runtime,
                 vitals,
                 interaction.RetainedUi?.CharacterSheet,
-                interaction.RetainedUi?.Magic,
+                interaction.Magic,
                 live.PaperdollPresenter),
             new LiveSessionInteractionRuntime(
                 d.Settings,
@@ -850,14 +851,18 @@ internal sealed class SessionPlayerCompositionPhase
         Action<string>? debugToast = d.SettingsDevTools.DevTools is { } devOwner
             ? message => devOwner.Debug.AddToast(message)
             : null;
-        var combatCommand = new LiveCombatModeCommandController(
+        var combatModeOperations = new LiveCombatModeOperations(
             new LiveSessionCombatModeAuthority(sessionHost),
             new LocalPlayerCombatEquipmentSource(
                 d.EntityObjects.Objects,
                 d.PlayerIdentity),
-            d.Actions.Combat,
             new ItemInteractionCombatModeIntentSink(
-                interaction.ItemInteraction),
+                interaction.ItemInteraction));
+        bindings.Adopt(
+            "runtime combat-mode operations",
+            d.CombatModeOperations.BindOwned(combatModeOperations));
+        var combatCommand = new RuntimeCombatModeCommandAdapter(
+            d.Actions.CombatMode,
             d.Log,
             debugToast,
             text => d.Communication.Chat.OnSystemMessage(text, 0x1Au));
@@ -879,8 +884,7 @@ internal sealed class SessionPlayerCompositionPhase
             worldReveal,
             d.UpdateClock,
             live.SelectionInteractions,
-            gameplayInput,
+            gameplayInput);
-            combatCommand);
         bindings.Adopt("current game runtime adapter", gameRuntime);
         bindings.Adopt(
             "retained-UI game runtime commands",

src/AcDream.App/Input/GameplayInputFrameController.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Update;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Input;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Input;
@@ -13,18 +14,55 @@ internal interface ICombatInputFrameController
 
 internal sealed class CombatAttackInputFrameAdapter : ICombatInputFrameController
 {
-    private readonly CombatAttackController _owner;
+    private readonly RuntimeCombatAttackState _owner;
 
-    public CombatAttackInputFrameAdapter(CombatAttackController owner) =>
+    public CombatAttackInputFrameAdapter(RuntimeCombatAttackState owner) =>
         _owner = owner ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(owner));
 
     public void Tick() => _owner.Tick();
 
-    public void HandleMovementInput(InputAction action, ActivationType activation) =>
+    public void HandleMovementInput(InputAction action, ActivationType activation)
-        _owner.HandleMovementInput(action, activation);
+    {
+        if (activation != ActivationType.Press
+            || action is not (
+                InputAction.MovementForward
+                or InputAction.MovementBackup
+                or InputAction.MovementRunLock
+                or InputAction.MovementJump))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
 
-    public bool HandleInputAction(InputAction action, ActivationType activation) =>
+        _owner.HandleCommand(new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
-        _owner.HandleInputAction(action, activation);
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.AbortForMovement,
+            RuntimeInputActivation.Press));
+    }
+
+    public bool HandleInputAction(InputAction action, ActivationType activation)
+    {
+        RuntimeCombatAttackCommand? command = action switch
+        {
+            InputAction.CombatLowAttack =>
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack,
+            InputAction.CombatMediumAttack =>
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.MediumAttack,
+            InputAction.CombatHighAttack =>
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.HighAttack,
+            InputAction.CombatDecreaseAttackPower =>
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.DecreasePower,
+            InputAction.CombatIncreaseAttackPower =>
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.IncreasePower,
+            _ => null,
+        };
+        if (command is null)
+            return false;
+
+        return _owner.HandleCommand(new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
+            command.Value,
+            activation == ActivationType.Press
+                ? RuntimeInputActivation.Press
+                : RuntimeInputActivation.Release));
+    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>

src/AcDream.App/Net/LiveSessionRuntimeFactory.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ internal sealed record LiveSessionInteractionRuntime(
     PlayerModeController PlayerMode,
     PlayerModeAutoEntry PlayerModeAutoEntry,
     ItemInteractionController ItemInteraction,
-    CombatAttackController CombatAttack,
+    RuntimeCombatAttackState CombatAttack,
     SelectionInteractionController SelectionInteractions);
 
 internal sealed record LiveSessionWorldRuntime(

src/AcDream.App/Physics/LiveEntityNetworkUpdateController.cs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Net.Messages;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.Core.Physics;
 using AcDream.Runtime.Entities;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
 using AcDream.Core.World;
 using DatReaderWriter;
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ internal sealed class LiveEntityNetworkUpdateController
     private readonly PhysicsEngine _physicsEngine;
     private readonly IDatReaderWriter _dats;
     private readonly IAnimationLoader _animLoader;
-    private readonly CombatTargetController? _combatTargetController;
+    private readonly RuntimeCombatTargetState? _combatTargetController;
     private readonly LiveWorldOriginState _origin;
     private readonly AcDream.App.Streaming.ILocalPlayerTeleportNetworkSink
         _localPlayerTeleport;
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ internal sealed class LiveEntityNetworkUpdateController
         PhysicsEngine physicsEngine,
         IDatReaderWriter dats,
         IAnimationLoader animLoader,
-        CombatTargetController? combatTargetController,
+        RuntimeCombatTargetState? combatTargetController,
         LiveWorldOriginState origin,
         AcDream.App.Streaming.ILocalPlayerTeleportNetworkSink localPlayerTeleport,
         ILocalPlayerControllerSource playerControllerSource,

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindow.cs

@@ -373,10 +373,15 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
     private readonly DeferredRenderFrameDiagnosticsSource _uiFrameDiagnostics = new();
     private readonly AcDream.App.Combat.CombatAttackOperationsSlot
         _combatAttackOperations = new();
+    private readonly AcDream.App.Combat.RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot
+        _combatTargetOperations = new();
+    private readonly AcDream.App.Combat.RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot
+        _combatModeOperations = new();
+    private readonly AcDream.App.Spells.RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot
+        _spellCastOperations = new();
     private readonly AcDream.App.Combat.CombatFeedbackSlot
         _combatFeedback = new();
-    private AcDream.App.Combat.CombatAttackController? _combatAttackController;
+    private RuntimeCombatAttackState? _combatAttackController;
-    private AcDream.App.Combat.CombatTargetController? _combatTargetController;
     private AcDream.App.UI.ItemInteractionController? _itemInteractionController;
     private AcDream.App.World.ExternalContainerLifecycleController? _externalContainerLifecycle;
     private AcDream.App.Spells.MagicRuntime? _magicRuntime;
@@ -561,8 +566,14 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
     {
         _options = options ?? throw new System.ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
         _runtimeInventory = new RuntimeInventoryState(_runtimeEntityObjects);
-        _runtimeActions = new RuntimeActionState(_runtimeInventory.Transactions);
         _runtimeCharacter = new RuntimeCharacterState();
+        _runtimeActions = new RuntimeActionState(
+            _runtimeInventory.Transactions,
+            _runtimeCharacter.Spellbook,
+            _combatAttackOperations,
+            _combatTargetOperations,
+            _combatModeOperations,
+            _spellCastOperations);
         var alphaScratchBudgets =
             AcDream.App.Rendering.Residency.AlphaScratchBudgetProfile.Create(
                 _options.ResidencyBudgets.AlphaScratchBytes);
@@ -905,7 +916,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(result);
         if (_combatAttackController is not null
-            || _combatTargetController is not null
             || _externalContainerLifecycle is not null
             || _itemInteractionController is not null
             || _interactionUiLateBindings is not null
@@ -921,10 +931,10 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
         }
 
         _combatAttackController = result.CombatAttack;
-        _combatTargetController = result.CombatTarget;
         _externalContainerLifecycle = result.ExternalContainerLifecycle;
         _itemInteractionController = result.ItemInteraction;
         _interactionUiLateBindings = result.LateBindings;
+        _magicRuntime = result.Magic;
         if (result.RetainedUi is { } retained)
         {
             _uiHost = retained.Host;
@@ -932,7 +942,6 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
             _vitalsVm ??= retained.Vitals;
             _retailChatVm = retained.Chat;
             _characterSheetProvider = retained.CharacterSheet;
-            _magicRuntime = retained.Magic;
             _frameScreenshots = retained.Screenshots;
         }
     }
@@ -1256,6 +1265,8 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
                     _runtimeSettings,
                     _runtimeActions,
                     _combatAttackOperations,
+                    _combatTargetOperations,
+                    _spellCastOperations,
                     _runtimeInventory,
                     contentEffectsAudio.MagicCatalog,
                     _runtimeCharacter,
@@ -1358,6 +1369,7 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
                     _worldSceneDebugState,
                     _runtimeDiagnosticCommands,
                     _liveCombatModeCommands,
+                    _combatModeOperations,
                     _hostQuiescence,
                     _physicsEngine,
                     _physicsDataCache,
@@ -1564,8 +1576,7 @@ public sealed class GameWindow :
         new LiveShutdownRoots(
             _cameraPointerInput,
             _retailUiLease,
-            _combatTargetController,
+            _magicRuntime,
-            _combatAttackController,
             _itemInteractionController,
             _externalContainerLifecycle,
             _streamer,

src/AcDream.App/Rendering/GameWindowLifetime.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Rendering.Scene;
 using AcDream.App.Rendering.Vfx;
 using AcDream.App.Rendering.Wb;
 using AcDream.App.Settings;
+using AcDream.App.Spells;
 using AcDream.App.Streaming;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.World;
@@ -76,8 +77,7 @@ internal sealed record FrameShutdownRoots(
 internal sealed record LiveShutdownRoots(
     CameraPointerInputController? CameraPointer,
     RetailUiRuntimeLease RetailUi,
-    CombatTargetController? CombatTarget,
+    MagicRuntime? Magic,
-    CombatAttackController? CombatAttack,
     ItemInteractionController? ItemInteraction,
     ExternalContainerLifecycleController? ExternalContainers,
     LandblockStreamer? Streamer,
@@ -377,8 +377,7 @@ internal static class GameWindowShutdownManifest
                 Hard("interaction/UI late bindings", () => frame.InteractionBindings?.Dispose()),
                 Hard("mouse capture", () => live.CameraPointer?.ReleaseMouseLookAfterSessionRetirement()),
                 Hard("retail UI", () => DisposeRetailUi(live.RetailUi)),
-                Hard("combat target", () => live.CombatTarget?.Dispose()),
+                Hard("magic runtime", () => live.Magic?.Dispose()),
-                Hard("combat attack", () => live.CombatAttack?.Dispose()),
                 Hard("item interaction", () => live.ItemInteraction?.Dispose()),
                 Hard("external containers", () => live.ExternalContainers?.Dispose()),
                 Hard("streamer", () => live.Streamer?.Dispose()),
@@ -393,12 +392,12 @@ internal static class GameWindowShutdownManifest
             ]),
             new ResourceShutdownStage("runtime entity/object stream",
             [
-                Hard(
-                    "runtime character state",
-                    live.Character.Dispose),
                 Hard(
                     "runtime action state",
                     live.Actions.Dispose),
+                Hard(
+                    "runtime character state",
+                    live.Character.Dispose),
                 Hard(
                     "runtime inventory state",
                     live.Inventory.Dispose),

src/AcDream.App/Runtime/CurrentGameRuntimeAdapter.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.App.Interaction;
 using AcDream.App.Net;
@@ -43,8 +42,7 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapter
         WorldRevealCoordinator worldReveal,
         IGameRuntimeClock clock,
         SelectionInteractionController selection,
-        GameplayInputFrameController gameplayInput,
+        GameplayInputFrameController gameplayInput)
-        ILiveCombatModeCommand combat)
     {
         _view = new CurrentGameRuntimeViewAdapter(
             session,
@@ -75,7 +73,6 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapter
             actions,
             selection,
             gameplayInput,
-            combat,
             _events);
     }
 
@@ -95,6 +92,7 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapter
     public IRuntimeSessionCommands Session => _commands;
     public IRuntimeSelectionCommands Selection => _commands;
     public IRuntimeCombatCommands Combat => _commands;
+    public IRuntimeMagicCommands Magic => _commands;
     public IRuntimeMovementCommands MovementCommands => _commands;
     IRuntimeMovementCommands IGameRuntimeCommands.Movement => _commands;
     public IRuntimeChatCommands ChatCommands => _commands;

src/AcDream.App/Runtime/CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.App.Interaction;
 using AcDream.App.Net;
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
     : IRuntimeSessionCommands,
       IRuntimeSelectionCommands,
       IRuntimeCombatCommands,
+      IRuntimeMagicCommands,
       IRuntimeMovementCommands,
       IRuntimeChatCommands,
       IRuntimePortalCommands,
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
     private readonly RuntimeActionState _actions;
     private readonly SelectionInteractionController _selection;
     private readonly GameplayInputFrameController _gameplayInput;
-    private readonly ILiveCombatModeCommand _combat;
     private readonly ICurrentGameRuntimeEventSink _events;
 
     public CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter(
@@ -49,7 +48,6 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
         RuntimeActionState actions,
         SelectionInteractionController selection,
         GameplayInputFrameController gameplayInput,
-        ILiveCombatModeCommand combat,
         ICurrentGameRuntimeEventSink events)
     {
         _session = session ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(session));
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
         _selection = selection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selection));
         _gameplayInput = gameplayInput
             ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gameplayInput));
-        _combat = combat ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(combat));
         _events = events ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(events));
     }
 
@@ -178,8 +175,16 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
         RuntimeCommandStatus status;
         if (command == RuntimeCombatCommand.ToggleMode)
         {
-            _combat.Toggle();
+            RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result =
-            status = RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted;
+                _actions.CombatMode.Toggle();
+            status = result.Status switch
+            {
+                RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Sent =>
+                    RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted,
+                RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Inactive =>
+                    RuntimeCommandStatus.Inactive,
+                _ => RuntimeCommandStatus.Rejected,
+            };
         }
         else
         {
@@ -190,6 +195,49 @@ internal sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeCommandAdapter
         return Result(status);
     }
 
+    public RuntimeCommandResult ExecuteAttack(
+        RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
+        in RuntimeCombatAttackInput command)
+    {
+        RuntimeCommandStatus gate = Validate(
+            expectedGeneration,
+            requireWorld: true);
+        if (gate != RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted)
+            return Result(gate);
+
+        RuntimeCommandStatus status = _actions.CombatAttack.HandleCommand(
+            command)
+                ? RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted
+                : RuntimeCommandStatus.Unsupported;
+        _events.EmitCommand(
+            RuntimeCommandDomain.Combat,
+            operation: 0x100 + (int)command.Command,
+            status);
+        return Result(status);
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeCommandResult Execute(
+        RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
+        in RuntimeMagicCommand command)
+    {
+        RuntimeCommandStatus gate = Validate(
+            expectedGeneration,
+            requireWorld: true);
+        if (gate != RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted)
+            return Result(gate);
+
+        CastRequestResult cast = _actions.SpellCast.Cast(command.SpellId);
+        RuntimeCommandStatus status = cast == CastRequestResult.Sent
+            ? RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted
+            : RuntimeCommandStatus.Rejected;
+        _events.EmitCommand(
+            RuntimeCommandDomain.Magic,
+            operation: (int)cast,
+            status,
+            command.SpellId);
+        return Result(status, command.SpellId);
+    }
+
     public RuntimeCommandResult Execute(
         RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
         RuntimeMovementCommand command)

src/AcDream.App/Spells/MagicRuntime.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using DatReaderWriter;
 using AcDream.Content;
 using DatReaderWriter.DBObjs;
@@ -158,25 +159,29 @@ public sealed class MagicCatalog
 }
 
 /// <summary>
-/// App-layer owner for the live retail magic request path. The server owns
+/// App content/policy projection for Runtime's live retail magic request
-/// turning, motion, fizzle, mana/component consumption, effects, and results.
+/// owner. The server owns turning, motion, fizzle, mana/component consumption,
+/// effects, and results.
 /// </summary>
-public sealed class MagicRuntime
+public sealed class MagicRuntime : IDisposable
 {
     private readonly SpellComponentRequirementService _requirements;
+    private IDisposable? _castOperationsBinding;
 
     private MagicRuntime(
         MagicCatalog catalog,
-        SpellCastingController casting,
+        RuntimeSpellCastState casting,
-        SpellComponentRequirementService requirements)
+        SpellComponentRequirementService requirements,
+        IDisposable castOperationsBinding)
     {
         Catalog = catalog;
         Casting = casting;
         _requirements = requirements;
+        _castOperationsBinding = castOperationsBinding;
     }
 
     public MagicCatalog Catalog { get; }
-    public SpellCastingController Casting { get; }
+    public RuntimeSpellCastState Casting { get; }
 
     public IReadOnlyList<SpellExamineComponent> GetExamineComponents(uint spellId)
     {
@@ -200,11 +205,11 @@ public sealed class MagicRuntime
         return result;
     }
 
-    public static MagicRuntime Create(
+    internal static MagicRuntime Create(
         MagicCatalog catalog,
-        Spellbook spellbook,
+        RuntimeSpellCastState casting,
+        RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot operationsSlot,
         ClientObjectTable objects,
-        Func<uint?> selectedObject,
         Func<uint> localPlayerId,
         Func<string> accountName,
         Action stopCompletely,
@@ -215,39 +220,29 @@ public sealed class MagicRuntime
         Func<bool> canSend)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(catalog);
-        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(spellbook);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(casting);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(operationsSlot);
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(objects);
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(displayMessage);
 
         SpellComponentRequirementService requirements = catalog.CreateRequirementService(
             objects, localPlayerId, accountName);
-        bool TargetCompatible(uint target, SpellMetadata spell, bool showMessage)
+        var operations = new LiveSpellCastOperations(
-        {
+            requirements,
-            if (objects.Get(target) is not { } targetObject)
+            objects,
-                return false;
-
-            SpellTargetPolicyResult result = RetailSpellTargetPolicy.Evaluate(
-                localPlayerId(), targetObject, spell);
-            if (showMessage && !result.Allowed && result.Message is { } message)
-                displayMessage(message);
-            return result.Allowed;
-        }
-
-        var casting = new SpellCastingController(
-            spellbook,
-            selectedObject,
             localPlayerId,
             stopCompletely,
             sendUntargeted,
             sendTargeted,
             displayMessage,
-            targetCompatible: (target, spell) => TargetCompatible(target, spell, true),
+            incrementBusy,
-            hasRequiredComponents: requirements.HasRequiredComponents,
+            canSend);
-            incrementBusy: incrementBusy,
+        IDisposable binding = operationsSlot.BindOwned(operations);
-            canSend: canSend,
+        return new MagicRuntime(catalog, casting, requirements, binding);
-            targetCompatibleSilent: (target, spell) => TargetCompatible(target, spell, false));
-        return new MagicRuntime(catalog, casting, requirements);
     }
 
     public void Reset() => Casting.Reset();
+
+    public void Dispose() =>
+        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _castOperationsBinding, null)?.Dispose();
 }

src/AcDream.App/Spells/RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+namespace AcDream.App.Spells;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Early Runtime construction seam for the App-owned live spell catalog,
+/// object-table policy, movement, transport, message, and busy sinks.
+/// Runtime owns cast intent; this slot owns no gameplay state.
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot
+    : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+{
+    private IRuntimeSpellCastOperations? _owner;
+
+    public IDisposable BindOwned(IRuntimeSpellCastOperations owner)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(owner);
+        if (_owner is not null)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                "Runtime spell-cast operations are already bound.");
+        _owner = owner;
+        return new Binding(this, owner);
+    }
+
+    private void Unbind(IRuntimeSpellCastOperations expected)
+    {
+        if (ReferenceEquals(_owner, expected))
+            _owner = null;
+    }
+
+    public uint LocalPlayerId => _owner?.LocalPlayerId ?? 0u;
+    public bool CanSend => _owner?.CanSend == true;
+
+    public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) =>
+        _owner?.HasRequiredComponents(spellId) == true;
+
+    public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+        uint targetId,
+        SpellMetadata spell,
+        bool showMessage) =>
+        _owner?.IsTargetCompatible(targetId, spell, showMessage) == true;
+
+    public void StopCompletely() => _owner?.StopCompletely();
+    public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) =>
+        _owner?.SendUntargeted(spellId);
+    public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) =>
+        _owner?.SendTargeted(targetId, spellId);
+    public void DisplayMessage(string message) =>
+        _owner?.DisplayMessage(message);
+    public void IncrementBusy() => _owner?.IncrementBusy();
+
+    private sealed class Binding : IDisposable
+    {
+        private RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot? _slot;
+        private readonly IRuntimeSpellCastOperations _expected;
+
+        public Binding(
+            RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot slot,
+            IRuntimeSpellCastOperations expected)
+        {
+            _slot = slot;
+            _expected = expected;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose() =>
+            Interlocked.Exchange(ref _slot, null)?.Unbind(_expected);
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class LiveSpellCastOperations : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+{
+    private readonly SpellComponentRequirementService _requirements;
+    private readonly ClientObjectTable _objects;
+    private readonly Func<uint> _localPlayerId;
+    private readonly Action _stopCompletely;
+    private readonly Action<uint> _sendUntargeted;
+    private readonly Action<uint, uint> _sendTargeted;
+    private readonly Action<string> _displayMessage;
+    private readonly Action _incrementBusy;
+    private readonly Func<bool> _canSend;
+
+    public LiveSpellCastOperations(
+        SpellComponentRequirementService requirements,
+        ClientObjectTable objects,
+        Func<uint> localPlayerId,
+        Action stopCompletely,
+        Action<uint> sendUntargeted,
+        Action<uint, uint> sendTargeted,
+        Action<string> displayMessage,
+        Action incrementBusy,
+        Func<bool> canSend)
+    {
+        _requirements = requirements
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(requirements));
+        _objects = objects ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(objects));
+        _localPlayerId = localPlayerId
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(localPlayerId));
+        _stopCompletely = stopCompletely
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(stopCompletely));
+        _sendUntargeted = sendUntargeted
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sendUntargeted));
+        _sendTargeted = sendTargeted
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sendTargeted));
+        _displayMessage = displayMessage
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(displayMessage));
+        _incrementBusy = incrementBusy
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(incrementBusy));
+        _canSend = canSend ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(canSend));
+    }
+
+    public uint LocalPlayerId => _localPlayerId();
+    public bool CanSend => _canSend();
+
+    public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) =>
+        _requirements.HasRequiredComponents(spellId);
+
+    public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+        uint targetId,
+        SpellMetadata spell,
+        bool showMessage)
+    {
+        if (_objects.Get(targetId) is not { } targetObject)
+            return false;
+
+        SpellTargetPolicyResult result = RetailSpellTargetPolicy.Evaluate(
+            LocalPlayerId,
+            targetObject,
+            spell);
+        if (showMessage && !result.Allowed && result.Message is { } message)
+            _displayMessage(message);
+        return result.Allowed;
+    }
+
+    public void StopCompletely() => _stopCompletely();
+    public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) => _sendUntargeted(spellId);
+    public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) =>
+        _sendTargeted(targetId, spellId);
+    public void DisplayMessage(string message) => _displayMessage(message);
+    public void IncrementBusy() => _incrementBusy();
+}

src/AcDream.App/Spells/SpellCastingController.cs

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using AcDream.Core.Spells;
-
-namespace AcDream.App.Spells;
-
-/// <summary>
-/// App-layer owner for retail cast intent. It validates the client-owned
-/// selection rules, stops movement, and emits exactly one targeted or
-/// untargeted request. ACE owns every gameplay result after that boundary.
-/// </summary>
-/// <remarks>
-/// Port of <c>ClientMagicSystem::CastSpell</c> (0x00568040) and
-/// <c>FreeHandsAndCastSpell</c> (0x00566EF0). This controller deliberately
-/// does not consume mana/components or start local effects.
-/// </remarks>
-public sealed class SpellCastingController
-{
-    private readonly Spellbook _spellbook;
-    private readonly Func<uint?> _selectedObject;
-    private readonly Func<uint> _localPlayerId;
-    private readonly Action _stopCompletely;
-    private readonly Action<uint> _sendUntargeted;
-    private readonly Action<uint, uint> _sendTargeted;
-    private readonly Action<string> _displayMessage;
-    private readonly Func<uint, SpellMetadata, bool> _targetCompatible;
-    private readonly Func<uint, SpellMetadata, bool> _targetCompatibleSilent;
-    private readonly Func<uint, bool> _hasRequiredComponents;
-    private readonly Action _incrementBusy;
-    private readonly Func<bool> _canSend;
-
-    public SpellCastingController(
-        Spellbook spellbook,
-        Func<uint?> selectedObject,
-        Func<uint> localPlayerId,
-        Action stopCompletely,
-        Action<uint> sendUntargeted,
-        Action<uint, uint> sendTargeted,
-        Action<string> displayMessage,
-        Func<uint, SpellMetadata, bool>? targetCompatible = null,
-        Func<uint, bool>? hasRequiredComponents = null,
-        Action? incrementBusy = null,
-        Func<bool>? canSend = null,
-        Func<uint, SpellMetadata, bool>? targetCompatibleSilent = null)
-    {
-        _spellbook = spellbook ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(spellbook));
-        _selectedObject = selectedObject ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selectedObject));
-        _localPlayerId = localPlayerId ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(localPlayerId));
-        _stopCompletely = stopCompletely ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(stopCompletely));
-        _sendUntargeted = sendUntargeted ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sendUntargeted));
-        _sendTargeted = sendTargeted ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sendTargeted));
-        _displayMessage = displayMessage ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(displayMessage));
-        _targetCompatible = targetCompatible ?? ((_, _) => true);
-        _targetCompatibleSilent = targetCompatibleSilent ?? _targetCompatible;
-        _hasRequiredComponents = hasRequiredComponents ?? (_ => true);
-        _incrementBusy = incrementBusy ?? (() => { });
-        _canSend = canSend ?? (() => true);
-    }
-
-    public uint? LastRequestedSpellId { get; private set; }
-    public uint? LastRequestedTargetId { get; private set; }
-
-    public bool IsTargetReady(uint spellId)
-    {
-        if (!_spellbook.Knows(spellId)
-            || !_spellbook.TryGetMetadata(spellId, out SpellMetadata spell))
-            return false;
-        if (spell.IsSelfTargeted || spell.IsUntargeted || spell.TargetMask == 0u)
-            return true;
-        return _selectedObject() is uint target and not 0u
-            && _targetCompatibleSilent(target, spell);
-    }
-
-    public CastRequestResult Cast(uint spellId)
-    {
-        if (!_spellbook.Knows(spellId) || !_spellbook.TryGetMetadata(spellId, out SpellMetadata spell))
-        {
-            _displayMessage("You do not know that spell.");
-            return CastRequestResult.UnknownSpell;
-        }
-
-        if (!_hasRequiredComponents(spellId))
-        {
-            _displayMessage("You do not have all of this spell's components.");
-            return CastRequestResult.MissingComponents;
-        }
-
-        uint? target;
-        bool untargeted;
-        if (spell.IsSelfTargeted)
-        {
-            uint playerId = _localPlayerId();
-            target = playerId == 0 ? null : playerId;
-            untargeted = target is null;
-        }
-        else if (spell.IsUntargeted || spell.TargetMask == 0)
-        {
-            target = null;
-            untargeted = true;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            target = _selectedObject();
-            untargeted = false;
-            if (target is null or 0)
-            {
-                _displayMessage("You must select a suitable target.");
-                return CastRequestResult.NoTarget;
-            }
-            if (!_targetCompatible(target.Value, spell))
-                return CastRequestResult.IncompatibleTarget;
-        }
-
-        if (!_canSend())
-        {
-            _displayMessage("You cannot cast a spell right now.");
-            return CastRequestResult.Unavailable;
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            _stopCompletely();
-            LastRequestedSpellId = spellId;
-            LastRequestedTargetId = target;
-            if (untargeted)
-                _sendUntargeted(spellId);
-            else
-                _sendTargeted(target!.Value, spellId);
-            // FreeHandsAndCastSpell @ 0x00566EF0 increments the shared UI
-            // busy reference only after Event_Cast has been emitted. The
-            // matching server UseDone event decrements it.
-            _incrementBusy();
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            LastRequestedSpellId = null;
-            LastRequestedTargetId = null;
-            throw;
-        }
-        return CastRequestResult.Sent;
-    }
-
-    public void Reset()
-    {
-        LastRequestedSpellId = null;
-        LastRequestedTargetId = null;
-    }
-}
-
-public enum CastRequestResult
-{
-    Sent,
-    UnknownSpell,
-    NoTarget,
-    IncompatibleTarget,
-    MissingComponents,
-    Unavailable,
-}

src/AcDream.App/Studio/FixtureProvider.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 using AcDream.App.Rendering;
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Settings;
 using DatReaderWriter;
 using AcDream.Content;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public static class FixtureProvider
             case CombatUiController.LayoutId:
             {
                 var combat = new CombatState();
-                var attacks = new CombatAttackController(
+                var attacks = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
                     combat,
                     canStartAttack: () => true,
                     sendAttack: (_, _) => true,

src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/CombatUiController.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Settings;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public sealed class CombatUiController : IRetainedPanelController
     private readonly UiButton _autoTarget;
     private readonly UiButton _keepInView;
     private readonly CombatState _combat;
-    private readonly CombatAttackController _attacks;
+    private readonly RuntimeCombatAttackState _attacks;
     private readonly Func<GameplaySettings> _gameplay;
     private readonly Action<GameplaySettings> _setGameplay;
     private readonly Action<bool> _setWindowVisible;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public sealed class CombatUiController : IRetainedPanelController
         UiButton autoTarget,
         UiButton keepInView,
         CombatState combat,
-        CombatAttackController attacks,
+        RuntimeCombatAttackState attacks,
         Func<GameplaySettings> gameplay,
         Action<GameplaySettings> setGameplay,
         CombatUiLabels labels,
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public sealed class CombatUiController : IRetainedPanelController
     public static CombatUiController? Bind(
         ImportedLayout layout,
         CombatState combat,
-        CombatAttackController attacks,
+        RuntimeCombatAttackState attacks,
         Func<GameplaySettings> gameplay,
         Action<GameplaySettings> setGameplay,
         CombatUiLabels labels,

src/AcDream.App/UI/Layout/SpellcastingUiController.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.Core.Spells;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Input;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ namespace AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 /// <summary>
 /// Retail gmSpellcastingUI binding for the authored magic page inside combat
 /// LayoutDesc 0x21000073. Favorites remain server-persisted; casting emits one
-/// request through <see cref="SpellCastingController"/>.
+/// request through <see cref="RuntimeSpellCastState"/>.
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class SpellcastingUiController : IRetainedPanelController
 {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public sealed class SpellcastingUiController : IRetainedPanelController
     ];
 
     private readonly Spellbook _spellbook;
-    private readonly SpellCastingController _casting;
+    private readonly RuntimeSpellCastState _casting;
     private readonly SelectionState _selection;
     private readonly ClientObjectTable _objects;
     private readonly Func<uint> _playerGuid;
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ public sealed class SpellcastingUiController : IRetainedPanelController
     private SpellcastingUiController(
         ImportedLayout layout,
         Spellbook spellbook,
-        SpellCastingController casting,
+        RuntimeSpellCastState casting,
         ClientObjectTable objects,
         Func<uint> playerGuid,
         Func<uint, uint> resolveSpellIcon,
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ public sealed class SpellcastingUiController : IRetainedPanelController
     public static SpellcastingUiController? Bind(
         ImportedLayout layout,
         Spellbook spellbook,
-        SpellCastingController casting,
+        RuntimeSpellCastState casting,
         ClientObjectTable objects,
         Func<uint> playerGuid,
         Func<uint, uint> resolveSpellIcon,

src/AcDream.App/UI/RetailUiRuntime.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Net;
 using AcDream.Core.Net.Messages;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
 using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.Content;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Chat;
@@ -44,13 +45,13 @@ public sealed record RadarRuntimeBindings(
 
 public sealed record CombatRuntimeBindings(
     CombatState State,
-    CombatAttackController Attacks,
+    RuntimeCombatAttackState Attacks,
     Func<GameplaySettings> Gameplay,
     Action<GameplaySettings> SetGameplay);
 
 public sealed record MagicRuntimeBindings(
     Spellbook Spellbook,
-    SpellCastingController Casting,
+    RuntimeSpellCastState Casting,
     ClientObjectTable Objects,
     Func<uint> PlayerGuid,
     IReadOnlyDictionary<uint, SpellComponentDescriptor> Components,

src/AcDream.Runtime/GameRuntimeActionViews.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,20 @@ using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
 namespace AcDream.Runtime;
 
+public readonly record struct RuntimeCombatAttackSnapshot(
+    long Revision,
+    AttackHeight RequestedHeight,
+    float DesiredPower,
+    float PowerBarLevel,
+    bool BuildInProgress,
+    bool RequestInProgress,
+    float RequestedPower);
+
+public readonly record struct RuntimeSpellCastSnapshot(
+    long Revision,
+    uint LastRequestedSpellId,
+    uint LastRequestedTargetId);
+
 public readonly record struct RuntimeActionSnapshot(
     long SelectionRevision,
     uint SelectedObjectId,
@@ -14,7 +28,9 @@ public readonly record struct RuntimeActionSnapshot(
     long InteractionRevision,
     InteractionModeKind InteractionMode,
     uint InteractionSourceObjectId,
-    RuntimeInteractionTransactionSnapshot InteractionTransactions);
+    RuntimeInteractionTransactionSnapshot InteractionTransactions,
+    RuntimeCombatAttackSnapshot CombatAttack = default,
+    RuntimeSpellCastSnapshot Magic = default);
 
 public interface IRuntimeActionView
 {

src/AcDream.Runtime/GameRuntimeCommands.cs

@@ -112,6 +112,19 @@ public interface IRuntimeCombatCommands
     RuntimeCommandResult Execute(
         RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
         RuntimeCombatCommand command);
+
+    RuntimeCommandResult ExecuteAttack(
+        RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
+        in Gameplay.RuntimeCombatAttackInput command);
+}
+
+public readonly record struct RuntimeMagicCommand(uint SpellId);
+
+public interface IRuntimeMagicCommands
+{
+    RuntimeCommandResult Execute(
+        RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
+        in RuntimeMagicCommand command);
 }
 
 public interface IRuntimeMovementCommands
@@ -251,6 +264,8 @@ public interface IGameRuntimeCommands
 
     IRuntimeCombatCommands Combat { get; }
 
+    IRuntimeMagicCommands Magic { get; }
+
     IRuntimeMovementCommands Movement { get; }
 
     IRuntimeChatCommands Chat { get; }

src/AcDream.Runtime/GameRuntimeEvents.cs

@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@ public readonly record struct RuntimeEventStamp(
 
 public enum RuntimeCommandDomain
 {
-    Session,
+    Session = 0,
-    Selection,
+    Selection = 1,
-    Combat,
+    Combat = 2,
-    Movement,
+    Movement = 3,
-    Chat,
+    Chat = 4,
-    Portal,
+    Portal = 5,
-    InventoryState,
+    InventoryState = 6,
-    Spellbook,
+    Spellbook = 7,
-    Character,
+    Character = 8,
-    Social,
+    Social = 9,
+    Magic = 10,
 }
 
 public readonly record struct RuntimeLifecycleDelta(
@@ -176,7 +177,17 @@ public sealed class RuntimeTraceRecorder : IRuntimeEventObserver
                 $"{checkpoint.Actions.InteractionTransactions.AwaitingAppraisalId:X8}:" +
                 $"{checkpoint.Actions.InteractionTransactions.CurrentAppraisalId:X8}:" +
                 $"{checkpoint.Actions.InteractionTransactions.OutboundCount}:" +
-                $"{checkpoint.Actions.InteractionTransactions.PendingPickupToken};" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.InteractionTransactions.PendingPickupToken}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.Revision}:" +
+                $"{(int)checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.RequestedHeight}:" +
+                $"{BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.DesiredPower):X8}:" +
+                $"{BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.PowerBarLevel):X8}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.BuildInProgress}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.RequestInProgress}:" +
+                $"{BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(checkpoint.Actions.CombatAttack.RequestedPower):X8}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.Magic.Revision}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.Magic.LastRequestedSpellId:X8}:" +
+                $"{checkpoint.Actions.Magic.LastRequestedTargetId:X8};" +
                 $"portal={checkpoint.Portal.Generation}:{(int)checkpoint.Portal.Kind}:" +
                 $"{checkpoint.Portal.DestinationCell:X8}:{checkpoint.Portal.IsReady}")));
     }

src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeActionState.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
 
 namespace AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@ public readonly record struct RuntimeActionOwnershipSnapshot(
     bool IsDisposed,
     bool InternalSubscriptionsAttached,
     bool InteractionTransactionsDisposed,
+    bool CombatAttackDisposed,
+    bool CombatTargetDisposed,
+    bool SpellCastReset,
     uint SelectedObjectId,
     uint PreviousObjectId,
     uint PreviousValidObjectId,
@@ -23,6 +27,9 @@ public readonly record struct RuntimeActionOwnershipSnapshot(
         IsDisposed
         && !InternalSubscriptionsAttached
         && InteractionTransactionsDisposed
+        && CombatAttackDisposed
+        && CombatTargetDisposed
+        && SpellCastReset
         && SelectedObjectId == 0u
         && PreviousObjectId == 0u
         && PreviousValidObjectId == 0u
@@ -33,9 +40,9 @@ public readonly record struct RuntimeActionOwnershipSnapshot(
 }
 
 /// <summary>
-/// Canonical presentation-independent owner for selection, combat
+/// Canonical presentation-independent owner for selection, interaction
-/// notifications/mode, and temporary interaction target mode. Graphical and
+/// transactions, combat mode/attack/target intent, and spell-cast intent.
-/// no-window hosts borrow these exact instances.
+/// Graphical and no-window hosts borrow these exact instances.
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
 {
@@ -44,21 +51,52 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
     private long _selectionRevision;
     private long _combatRevision;
     private long _interactionRevision;
+    private long _combatIntentRevision;
+    private long _magicIntentRevision;
 
-    public RuntimeActionState(InventoryTransactionState inventoryTransactions)
+    public RuntimeActionState(
+        InventoryTransactionState inventoryTransactions,
+        Spellbook spellbook,
+        IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations combatAttackOperations,
+        IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations combatTargetOperations,
+        IRuntimeCombatModeOperations combatModeOperations,
+        IRuntimeSpellCastOperations spellCastOperations,
+        Func<double>? now = null)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(inventoryTransactions);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(spellbook);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(combatAttackOperations);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(combatTargetOperations);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(combatModeOperations);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(spellCastOperations);
         Selection = new SelectionState();
         Combat = new CombatState();
         Interaction = new InteractionState();
         Transactions = new RuntimeInteractionTransactionState(
             inventoryTransactions);
+        CombatAttack = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
+            Combat,
+            combatAttackOperations,
+            now);
+        CombatTarget = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
+            Combat,
+            Selection,
+            combatTargetOperations);
+        CombatMode = new RuntimeCombatModeState(
+            Combat,
+            combatModeOperations);
+        SpellCast = new RuntimeSpellCastState(
+            spellbook,
+            Selection,
+            spellCastOperations);
         View = new ActionView(this);
 
         Selection.Changed += OnSelectionChanged;
         Combat.CombatModeChanged += OnCombatModeChanged;
         Combat.HealthChanged += OnHealthChanged;
         Interaction.Changed += OnInteractionChanged;
+        CombatAttack.StateChanged += OnCombatAttackChanged;
+        SpellCast.StateChanged += OnSpellCastChanged;
         _internalSubscriptionsAttached = true;
     }
 
@@ -66,6 +104,10 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
     public CombatState Combat { get; }
     public InteractionState Interaction { get; }
     public RuntimeInteractionTransactionState Transactions { get; }
+    public RuntimeCombatAttackState CombatAttack { get; }
+    public RuntimeCombatTargetState CombatTarget { get; }
+    public RuntimeCombatModeState CombatMode { get; }
+    public RuntimeSpellCastState SpellCast { get; }
     public IRuntimeActionView View { get; }
     public bool IsDisposed => _disposed;
 
@@ -73,6 +115,10 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
         _disposed,
         _internalSubscriptionsAttached,
         Transactions.IsDisposed,
+        CombatAttack.IsDisposed,
+        CombatTarget.IsDisposed,
+        SpellCast.LastRequestedSpellId is null
+            && SpellCast.LastRequestedTargetId is null,
         Selection.SelectedObjectId ?? 0u,
         Selection.PreviousObjectId ?? 0u,
         Selection.PreviousValidObjectId ?? 0u,
@@ -95,6 +141,8 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
         List<Exception>? failures = null;
         Try(Transactions.ResetSession, ref failures);
         Try(Interaction.ResetSession, ref failures);
+        Try(SpellCast.Reset, ref failures);
+        Try(CombatAttack.ResetSession, ref failures);
         Try(() => Selection.Reset(), ref failures);
         Try(Combat.Clear, ref failures);
         if (failures is not null)
@@ -115,6 +163,8 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
         {
             Try(Transactions.Dispose, ref failures);
             Try(Interaction.ResetSession, ref failures);
+            Try(SpellCast.Reset, ref failures);
+            Try(CombatAttack.ResetSession, ref failures);
             Try(() => Selection.Reset(), ref failures);
             Try(Combat.Clear, ref failures);
         }
@@ -124,6 +174,10 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
             Combat.CombatModeChanged -= OnCombatModeChanged;
             Combat.HealthChanged -= OnHealthChanged;
             Interaction.Changed -= OnInteractionChanged;
+            CombatAttack.StateChanged -= OnCombatAttackChanged;
+            SpellCast.StateChanged -= OnSpellCastChanged;
+            Try(CombatAttack.Dispose, ref failures);
+            Try(CombatTarget.Dispose, ref failures);
             _internalSubscriptionsAttached = false;
             _disposed = true;
         }
@@ -148,6 +202,12 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
     private void OnInteractionChanged(InteractionModeTransition _) =>
         Interlocked.Increment(ref _interactionRevision);
 
+    private void OnCombatAttackChanged() =>
+        Interlocked.Increment(ref _combatIntentRevision);
+
+    private void OnSpellCastChanged() =>
+        Interlocked.Increment(ref _magicIntentRevision);
+
     private static void Try(Action action, ref List<Exception>? failures)
     {
         try
@@ -174,7 +234,19 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionState : IDisposable
             Interlocked.Read(ref owner._interactionRevision),
             owner.Interaction.Current.Kind,
             owner.Interaction.Current.SourceObjectId,
-            owner.Transactions.CaptureOwnership());
+            owner.Transactions.CaptureOwnership(),
+            new RuntimeCombatAttackSnapshot(
+                Interlocked.Read(ref owner._combatIntentRevision),
+                owner.CombatAttack.RequestedHeight,
+                owner.CombatAttack.DesiredPower,
+                owner.CombatAttack.PowerBarLevel,
+                owner.CombatAttack.BuildInProgress,
+                owner.CombatAttack.AttackRequestInProgress,
+                owner.CombatAttack.RequestedAttackPower),
+            new RuntimeSpellCastSnapshot(
+                Interlocked.Read(ref owner._magicIntentRevision),
+                owner.SpellCast.LastRequestedSpellId ?? 0u,
+                owner.SpellCast.LastRequestedTargetId ?? 0u));
 
         public bool TryGetHealth(uint objectId, out float healthPercent)
         {

src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatAttackState.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,29 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
-using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Input;
 
-namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
-internal interface ICombatAttackOperations
+public enum RuntimeInputActivation
+{
+    Press,
+    Release,
+}
+
+public enum RuntimeCombatAttackCommand
+{
+    LowAttack,
+    MediumAttack,
+    HighAttack,
+    DecreasePower,
+    IncreasePower,
+    AbortForMovement,
+}
+
+public readonly record struct RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
+    RuntimeCombatAttackCommand Command,
+    RuntimeInputActivation Activation);
+
+public interface IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
 {
     bool CanStartAttack();
     void PrepareAttackRequest();
@@ -15,7 +34,8 @@ internal interface ICombatAttackOperations
     bool AutoRepeatAttack { get; }
 }
 
-internal sealed class DelegateCombatAttackOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
+internal sealed class DelegateRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
+    : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
 {
     private readonly Func<bool> _canStartAttack;
     private readonly Action _prepareAttackRequest;
@@ -25,7 +45,7 @@ internal sealed class DelegateCombatAttackOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
     private readonly Func<bool> _playerReadyForAttack;
     private readonly Func<bool> _autoRepeatAttack;
 
-    public DelegateCombatAttackOperations(
+    public DelegateRuntimeCombatAttackOperations(
         Func<bool> canStartAttack,
         Func<AttackHeight, float, bool> sendAttack,
         Action? prepareAttackRequest,
@@ -56,8 +76,8 @@ internal sealed class DelegateCombatAttackOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Owns retail's basic-combat attack request and power-bar state machine.
-/// UI buttons and keyboard actions both enter through <see cref="PressAttack"/>
+/// Graphical controls and no-window hosts both enter through typed Runtime
-/// and <see cref="ReleaseAttack"/>; the wire send remains a host callback.
+/// commands; the wire send remains a host callback.
 /// </summary>
 /// <remarks>
 /// Retail references: <c>ClientCombatSystem::Begin</c> (0x0056A460),
@@ -68,7 +88,7 @@ internal sealed class DelegateCombatAttackOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
 /// <c>SetRequestedAttackHeight</c> (0x0056C8F0), and
 /// <c>AbortAutomaticAttack</c> (0x0056AE90).
 /// </remarks>
-public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatAttackState : IDisposable
 {
     public const double AttackPowerUpSeconds = CombatInputPlanner.AttackPowerUpSeconds;
     public const double DualWieldPowerUpSeconds = CombatInputPlanner.DualWieldPowerUpSeconds;
@@ -76,7 +96,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
     public const float DesiredPowerStep = 1f / 6f;
 
     private readonly CombatState _combat;
-    private readonly ICombatAttackOperations _operations;
+    private readonly IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations _operations;
     private readonly Func<double> _now;
 
     private bool _buildInProgress;
@@ -91,7 +111,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
     private float _latestPowerBarLevel;
     private bool _disposed;
 
-    public CombatAttackController(
+    public RuntimeCombatAttackState(
         CombatState combat,
         Func<bool> canStartAttack,
         Func<AttackHeight, float, bool> sendAttack,
@@ -103,7 +123,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
         Func<double>? now = null)
         : this(
             combat,
-            new DelegateCombatAttackOperations(
+            new DelegateRuntimeCombatAttackOperations(
                 canStartAttack,
                 sendAttack,
                 prepareAttackRequest,
@@ -115,9 +135,9 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
     {
     }
 
-    internal CombatAttackController(
+    public RuntimeCombatAttackState(
         CombatState combat,
-        ICombatAttackOperations operations,
+        IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations operations,
         Func<double>? now = null)
     {
         _combat = combat ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(combat));
@@ -134,6 +154,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
     public bool AttackRequestInProgress => _attackRequestInProgress;
     public float RequestedAttackPower => _requestedAttackPower;
     public bool BuildInProgress => _buildInProgress;
+    public bool IsDisposed => _disposed;
 
     /// <summary>The level retail publishes to the embedded combat meter.</summary>
     public float PowerBarLevel => _buildInProgress
@@ -142,38 +163,43 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
 
     public event Action? StateChanged;
 
-    public bool HandleInputAction(InputAction action, ActivationType activation)
+    public bool HandleCommand(in RuntimeCombatAttackInput command)
     {
-        AttackHeight? height = action switch
+        AttackHeight? height = command.Command switch
         {
-            InputAction.CombatLowAttack => AttackHeight.Low,
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack => AttackHeight.Low,
-            InputAction.CombatMediumAttack => AttackHeight.Medium,
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.MediumAttack => AttackHeight.Medium,
-            InputAction.CombatHighAttack => AttackHeight.High,
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.HighAttack => AttackHeight.High,
             _ => null,
         };
 
         if (height is not null)
         {
-            if (activation == ActivationType.Press)
+            if (command.Activation == RuntimeInputActivation.Press)
                 PressAttack(height.Value);
-            else if (activation == ActivationType.Release)
+            else if (command.Activation == RuntimeInputActivation.Release)
                 ReleaseAttack();
             return true;
         }
 
-        if (activation != ActivationType.Press)
+        if (command.Activation != RuntimeInputActivation.Press)
             return false;
 
-        if (action == InputAction.CombatDecreaseAttackPower)
+        if (command.Command == RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.DecreasePower)
         {
             StepDesiredPower(-1);
             return true;
         }
-        if (action == InputAction.CombatIncreaseAttackPower)
+        if (command.Command == RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.IncreasePower)
         {
             StepDesiredPower(1);
             return true;
         }
+        if (command.Command == RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.AbortForMovement)
+        {
+            AbortAutomaticAttack();
+            return true;
+        }
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -183,20 +209,6 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackController : IDisposable
     /// call <c>HandleNewForwardMovement</c>. Jump has its own equivalent cancel
     /// in <c>ClientCombatSystem::CommenceJump</c> (0x0056AF90).
     /// </summary>
-    public void HandleMovementInput(InputAction action, ActivationType activation)
-    {
-        if (activation != ActivationType.Press)
-            return;
-
-        if (action is InputAction.MovementForward
-            or InputAction.MovementBackup
-            or InputAction.MovementRunLock
-            or InputAction.MovementJump)
-        {
-            AbortAutomaticAttack();
-        }
-    }
-
     public void SetDesiredPower(float power)
     {
         float value = Math.Clamp(power, 0f, 1f);

src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatModeState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Core.Items;
+
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+public enum RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus
+{
+    Inactive,
+    Rejected,
+    Sent,
+}
+
+public readonly record struct RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult(
+    RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus Status,
+    CombatMode Mode,
+    string? Notice = null);
+
+public interface IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
+{
+    bool IsInWorld { get; }
+    IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment();
+    void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest();
+    void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode);
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Presentation-independent owner for retail's explicit combat-mode command.
+/// App supplies ordered equipment, transport, and the auto-wield cancellation
+/// edge; Runtime owns the exact default selection and local state transition.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Port of <c>ClientCombatSystem::GetDefaultCombatMode @ 0x0056B310</c>
+/// and <c>ClientCombatSystem::ToggleCombatMode @ 0x0056C8C0</c>.
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatModeState
+{
+    private readonly CombatState _combat;
+    private readonly IRuntimeCombatModeOperations _operations;
+
+    public RuntimeCombatModeState(
+        CombatState combat,
+        IRuntimeCombatModeOperations operations)
+    {
+        _combat = combat ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(combat));
+        _operations = operations
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(operations));
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult Toggle()
+    {
+        if (!_operations.IsInWorld)
+        {
+            return new RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult(
+                RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Inactive,
+                _combat.CurrentMode);
+        }
+
+        // Every explicit user request supersedes auto-wield settlement,
+        // including a request GetDefaultCombatMode later rejects.
+        _operations.NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest();
+
+        CombatMode currentMode = _combat.CurrentMode;
+        CombatMode nextMode;
+        if (currentMode != CombatMode.NonCombat)
+        {
+            nextMode = CombatMode.NonCombat;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            DefaultCombatModeDecision decision =
+                CombatInputPlanner.GetDefaultCombatModeDecision(
+                    _operations.GetOrderedEquipment());
+            if (decision.IncompatibleHeldItem is { } held)
+            {
+                string notice =
+                    $"You can't enter combat mode while wielding the {held.GetAppropriateName()}";
+                return new RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult(
+                    RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Rejected,
+                    currentMode,
+                    notice);
+            }
+
+            nextMode = CombatInputPlanner.ToggleMode(
+                currentMode,
+                decision.Mode);
+        }
+
+        _operations.SendChangeCombatMode(nextMode);
+        _combat.SetCombatMode(nextMode);
+        return new RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult(
+            RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Sent,
+            nextMode);
+    }
+}

src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatTargetState.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Physics;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
 
-namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+public interface IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+{
+    bool AutoTarget { get; }
+    uint? SelectClosestTarget();
+}
 
 /// <summary>
 /// Owns combat-target lifecycle around the shared selection state.
@@ -14,25 +20,23 @@ namespace AcDream.App.Combat;
 /// makes the selected combat object unavailable and enters that same notice
 /// path.
 /// </remarks>
-public sealed class CombatTargetController : IDisposable
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatTargetState : IDisposable
 {
     private readonly CombatState _combat;
     private readonly SelectionState _selection;
-    private readonly Func<bool> _autoTarget;
+    private readonly IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations _operations;
-    private readonly Func<uint?> _selectClosestTarget;
     private bool _disposed;
+    public bool IsDisposed => _disposed;
 
-    public CombatTargetController(
+    public RuntimeCombatTargetState(
         CombatState combat,
         SelectionState selection,
-        Func<bool> autoTarget,
+        IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations operations)
-        Func<uint?> selectClosestTarget)
     {
         _combat = combat ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(combat));
         _selection = selection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selection));
-        _autoTarget = autoTarget ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(autoTarget));
+        _operations = operations
-        _selectClosestTarget = selectClosestTarget
+            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(operations));
-            ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selectClosestTarget));
 
         _selection.Changed += OnSelectionChanged;
     }
@@ -64,10 +68,10 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetController : IDisposable
     {
         if (transition.SelectedObjectId is not null
             || transition.Reason == SelectionChangeReason.SessionReset
-            || !_autoTarget()
+            || !_operations.AutoTarget
             || !CombatInputPlanner.SupportsTargetedAttack(_combat.CurrentMode))
             return;
 
-        _selectClosestTarget();
+        _operations.SelectClosestTarget();
     }
 }

src/AcDream.Runtime/Gameplay/RuntimeSpellCastState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+using System;
+using AcDream.Core.Selection;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+public interface IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+{
+    uint LocalPlayerId { get; }
+    bool CanSend { get; }
+    bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId);
+    bool IsTargetCompatible(
+        uint targetId,
+        SpellMetadata spell,
+        bool showMessage);
+    void StopCompletely();
+    void SendUntargeted(uint spellId);
+    void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId);
+    void DisplayMessage(string message);
+    void IncrementBusy();
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Runtime owner for retail cast intent. It validates the canonical spellbook
+/// and selection, stops movement, and emits exactly one targeted or untargeted
+/// request. ACE owns every gameplay result after that boundary.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Port of <c>ClientMagicSystem::CastSpell</c> (0x00568040) and
+/// <c>FreeHandsAndCastSpell</c> (0x00566EF0). This controller deliberately
+/// does not consume mana/components or start local effects.
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class RuntimeSpellCastState
+{
+    private readonly Spellbook _spellbook;
+    private readonly SelectionState _selection;
+    private readonly IRuntimeSpellCastOperations _operations;
+
+    public RuntimeSpellCastState(
+        Spellbook spellbook,
+        SelectionState selection,
+        IRuntimeSpellCastOperations operations)
+    {
+        _spellbook = spellbook ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(spellbook));
+        _selection = selection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(selection));
+        _operations = operations ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(operations));
+    }
+
+    public uint? LastRequestedSpellId { get; private set; }
+    public uint? LastRequestedTargetId { get; private set; }
+    public event Action? StateChanged;
+
+    public bool IsTargetReady(uint spellId)
+    {
+        if (!_spellbook.Knows(spellId)
+            || !_spellbook.TryGetMetadata(spellId, out SpellMetadata spell))
+            return false;
+        if (spell.IsSelfTargeted || spell.IsUntargeted || spell.TargetMask == 0u)
+            return true;
+        return _selection.SelectedObjectId is uint target and not 0u
+            && _operations.IsTargetCompatible(
+                target,
+                spell,
+                showMessage: false);
+    }
+
+    public CastRequestResult Cast(uint spellId)
+    {
+        if (!_spellbook.Knows(spellId) || !_spellbook.TryGetMetadata(spellId, out SpellMetadata spell))
+        {
+            _operations.DisplayMessage("You do not know that spell.");
+            return CastRequestResult.UnknownSpell;
+        }
+
+        if (!_operations.HasRequiredComponents(spellId))
+        {
+            _operations.DisplayMessage(
+                "You do not have all of this spell's components.");
+            return CastRequestResult.MissingComponents;
+        }
+
+        uint? target;
+        bool untargeted;
+        if (spell.IsSelfTargeted)
+        {
+            uint playerId = _operations.LocalPlayerId;
+            target = playerId == 0 ? null : playerId;
+            untargeted = target is null;
+        }
+        else if (spell.IsUntargeted || spell.TargetMask == 0)
+        {
+            target = null;
+            untargeted = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            target = _selection.SelectedObjectId;
+            untargeted = false;
+            if (target is null or 0)
+            {
+                _operations.DisplayMessage(
+                    "You must select a suitable target.");
+                return CastRequestResult.NoTarget;
+            }
+            if (!_operations.IsTargetCompatible(
+                    target.Value,
+                    spell,
+                    showMessage: true))
+                return CastRequestResult.IncompatibleTarget;
+        }
+
+        if (!_operations.CanSend)
+        {
+            _operations.DisplayMessage("You cannot cast a spell right now.");
+            return CastRequestResult.Unavailable;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            _operations.StopCompletely();
+            LastRequestedSpellId = spellId;
+            LastRequestedTargetId = target;
+            if (untargeted)
+                _operations.SendUntargeted(spellId);
+            else
+                _operations.SendTargeted(target!.Value, spellId);
+            // FreeHandsAndCastSpell @ 0x00566EF0 increments the shared UI
+            // busy reference only after Event_Cast has been emitted. The
+            // matching server UseDone event decrements it.
+            _operations.IncrementBusy();
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            LastRequestedSpellId = null;
+            LastRequestedTargetId = null;
+            throw;
+        }
+        StateChanged?.Invoke();
+        return CastRequestResult.Sent;
+    }
+
+    public void Reset()
+    {
+        bool changed = LastRequestedSpellId is not null
+            || LastRequestedTargetId is not null;
+        LastRequestedSpellId = null;
+        LastRequestedTargetId = null;
+        if (changed)
+            StateChanged?.Invoke();
+    }
+}
+
+public enum CastRequestResult
+{
+    Sent,
+    UnknownSpell,
+    NoTarget,
+    IncompatibleTarget,
+    MissingComponents,
+    Unavailable,
+}

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Combat/LiveCombatAttackOperationsTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.App.Net;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.Core.Net;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Combat;
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ public sealed class LiveCombatAttackOperationsTests
         public void Show(string message) => Messages.Add(message);
     }
 
-    private sealed class FakeOperations : ICombatAttackOperations
+    private sealed class FakeOperations : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
     {
         public bool CanStartValue { get; init; } = true;
         public bool CanStartAttack() => CanStartValue;

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Combat/LiveCombatModeCommandControllerTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Combat;
 
@@ -148,11 +149,13 @@ public sealed class LiveCombatModeCommandControllerTests
             Authority = new FakeAuthority(Calls);
             Equipment = new FakeEquipment();
             Intent = new FakeIntent(Calls);
-            Controller = new LiveCombatModeCommandController(
+            var operations = new LiveCombatModeOperations(
                 Authority,
                 Equipment,
-                Combat,
+                Intent);
-                Intent,
+            Runtime = new RuntimeCombatModeState(Combat, operations);
+            Controller = new RuntimeCombatModeCommandAdapter(
+                Runtime,
                 line => Calls.Add($"log:{line}"),
                 line => Calls.Add($"toast:{line}"),
                 line => Calls.Add($"system:{line}"));
@@ -163,7 +166,8 @@ public sealed class LiveCombatModeCommandControllerTests
         public FakeEquipment Equipment { get; }
         public CombatState Combat { get; } = new();
         public FakeIntent Intent { get; }
-        public LiveCombatModeCommandController Controller { get; }
+        public RuntimeCombatModeState Runtime { get; }
+        public RuntimeCombatModeCommandAdapter Controller { get; }
     }
 
     private sealed class FakeAuthority(List<string> calls)

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Composition/InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests.cs

@@ -3,9 +3,14 @@ using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Composition;
 using AcDream.App.Diagnostics;
 using AcDream.App.Rendering;
+using AcDream.App.Spells;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 using AcDream.App.World;
+using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Composition;
 
@@ -17,7 +22,6 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.InputCaptureBound,
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CursorAssetsCreated,
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CharacterSheetCreated,
-        InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated,
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MouseInputWired,
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.KeyboardInputWired,
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.UiAssetsCreated,
@@ -37,14 +41,15 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         Assert.Equal(
         [
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.LateBindingsCreated,
-            InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatAttackCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatTargetCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ExternalContainerLifecycleCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ItemInteractionCreated,
+            InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated,
             .. UiPoints,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ResultPublished,
         ], fixture.Points);
         Assert.NotNull(result.RetainedUi);
+        Assert.NotNull(result.Magic);
         Assert.Empty(fixture.Factory.Releases);
     }
 
@@ -56,13 +61,14 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         InteractionRetainedUiResult result = fixture.Compose();
 
         Assert.Null(result.RetainedUi);
+        Assert.NotNull(result.Magic);
         Assert.Equal(
         [
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.LateBindingsCreated,
-            InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatAttackCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatTargetCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ExternalContainerLifecycleCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ItemInteractionCreated,
+            InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.RetainedUiDisabled,
             InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ResultPublished,
         ], fixture.Points);
@@ -108,14 +114,12 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint point)
     {
         var acquired = new List<string> { "late bindings" };
-        if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatAttackCreated)
-            acquired.Add("combat attack");
-        if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.CombatTargetCreated)
-            acquired.Add("combat target");
         if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ExternalContainerLifecycleCreated)
             acquired.Add("external container");
         if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.ItemInteractionCreated)
             acquired.Add("item interaction");
+        if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.MagicRuntimeCreated)
+            acquired.Add("magic runtime");
         if (point >= InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint.UiHostAcquired)
             acquired.Add("retained UI lease");
         acquired.Reverse();
@@ -132,10 +136,9 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         Assert.Equal(
         [
             "retained UI lease",
+            "magic runtime",
             "item interaction",
             "external container",
-            "combat target",
-            "combat attack",
             "late bindings",
         ], fixture.Factory.Releases);
     }
@@ -172,6 +175,13 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
             Publication = new Publication(publicationFailure);
             RuntimeOptions options = RuntimeOptions.Parse("dat", static _ => null)
                 with { RetailUi = retailUi };
+            var actions = new RuntimeActionState(
+                new InventoryTransactionState(new ClientObjectTable()),
+                new Spellbook(),
+                new NoopCombatOperations(),
+                new NoopCombatTargetOperations(),
+                new NoopCombatModeOperations(),
+                new NoopSpellOperations());
             Dependencies = new InteractionRetainedUiDependencies(
                 Options: options,
                 Gl: null!,
@@ -186,8 +196,10 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
                 RetainedInputCapture: null!,
                 InputDispatcher: null,
                 Settings: null!,
-                Actions: null!,
+                Actions: actions,
-                CombatAttackOperations: null!,
+                CombatAttackOperations: new NoopCombatOperations(),
+                CombatTargetOperations: new RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot(),
+                SpellCastOperations: new RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot(),
                 Inventory: null!,
                 MagicCatalog: null!,
                 Character: null!,
@@ -233,14 +245,10 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         public List<string> Releases { get; } = [];
         public int RetainedUiCalls { get; private set; }
 
-        public CombatAttackController CreateCombatAttack(
+        public IDisposable BindCombatTarget(
-            InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies) =>
-            Resource<CombatAttackController>("combat attack");
-
-        public CombatTargetController CreateCombatTarget(
             InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
             DeferredSelectionUiAuthority selection) =>
-            Resource<CombatTargetController>("combat target");
+            new NoopDisposable();
 
         public ExternalContainerLifecycleController CreateExternalContainerLifecycle(
             InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
@@ -252,12 +260,19 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
             InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings) =>
             Resource<ItemInteractionController>("item interaction");
 
+        public MagicRuntime CreateMagicRuntime(
+            InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
+            InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings,
+            ItemInteractionController itemInteraction) =>
+            Resource<MagicRuntime>("magic runtime");
+
         public RetainedUiComposition CreateRetainedUi(
             InteractionRetainedUiDependencies dependencies,
             InteractionUiLateBindings lateBindings,
             RetailUiRuntimeLease lease,
-            CombatAttackController combatAttack,
+            RuntimeCombatAttackState combatAttack,
             ItemInteractionController itemInteraction,
+            MagicRuntime magic,
             Action<InteractionRetainedUiCompositionPoint> checkpoint)
         {
             RetainedUiCalls++;
@@ -270,7 +285,6 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
                 Stub<AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Vitals.VitalsVM>(),
                 Stub<AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Chat.ChatVM>(),
                 Stub<CharacterSheetProvider>(),
-                Stub<AcDream.App.Spells.MagicRuntime>(),
                 null);
         }
 
@@ -296,6 +310,55 @@ public sealed class InteractionRetainedUiCompositionTests
         }
     }
 
+    private sealed class NoopCombatOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
+    {
+        public bool CanStartAttack() => false;
+        public void PrepareAttackRequest() { }
+        public bool SendAttack(AttackHeight height, float power) => false;
+        public void SendCancelAttack() { }
+        public bool IsDualWield => false;
+        public bool PlayerReadyForAttack => false;
+        public bool AutoRepeatAttack => false;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NoopDisposable : IDisposable
+    {
+        public void Dispose() { }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NoopSpellOperations : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+    {
+        public uint LocalPlayerId => 0u;
+        public bool CanSend => false;
+        public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) => false;
+        public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+            uint targetId,
+            SpellMetadata spell,
+            bool showMessage) => false;
+        public void StopCompletely() { }
+        public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) { }
+        public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) { }
+        public void DisplayMessage(string message) { }
+        public void IncrementBusy() { }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NoopCombatTargetOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+    {
+        public bool AutoTarget => false;
+        public uint? SelectClosestTarget() => null;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NoopCombatModeOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
+    {
+        public bool IsInWorld => false;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment() => [];
+        public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() { }
+        public void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode) { }
+    }
+
     private sealed class Publication(bool fail)
         : IGameWindowInteractionRetainedUiPublication
     {

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Composition/InteractionUiRuntimeSourcesTests.cs

@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ public sealed class InteractionUiRuntimeSourcesTests
         public IRuntimeSessionCommands Session => null!;
         public IRuntimeSelectionCommands Selection => null!;
         public IRuntimeCombatCommands Combat => null!;
+        public IRuntimeMagicCommands Magic => null!;
         IRuntimeMovementCommands IGameRuntimeCommands.Movement => null!;
         IRuntimeChatCommands IGameRuntimeCommands.Chat => null!;
         IRuntimePortalCommands IGameRuntimeCommands.Portal => null!;

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Input/GameplayInputCommandControllerTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.Diagnostics;
 using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.Runtime;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Input;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Input;
@@ -184,6 +185,13 @@ public sealed class GameplayInputCommandControllerTests
                 RuntimeCommandStatus.Accepted,
                 expectedGeneration);
         }
+
+        public RuntimeCommandResult ExecuteAttack(
+            RuntimeGenerationToken expectedGeneration,
+            in RuntimeCombatAttackInput command) =>
+            new(
+                RuntimeCommandStatus.Unsupported,
+                expectedGeneration);
     }
 
     private sealed class FakeRuntimeView : IGameRuntimeView

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Runtime/CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Input;
 using AcDream.App.Interaction;
 using AcDream.App.Net;
 using AcDream.App.Runtime;
+using AcDream.App.Spells;
 using AcDream.App.Streaming;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.Update;
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ using AcDream.Core.Net.Messages;
 using AcDream.Core.Physics;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
 using AcDream.Core.Social;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
 using AcDream.Core.World;
 using AcDream.Runtime;
 using AcDream.Runtime.Entities;
@@ -97,7 +99,12 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
         Assert.True(portal.Accepted);
         Assert.Equal(Harness.TargetGuid, harness.Selection.SelectedObjectId);
         Assert.True(harness.MovementInput.AutoRunActive);
-        Assert.Equal(1, harness.Combat.ToggleCount);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [AcDream.Core.Combat.CombatMode.Melee],
+            harness.CombatMode.Sent);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            AcDream.Core.Combat.CombatMode.Melee,
+            harness.Actions.Combat.CurrentMode);
         Assert.Contains(
             harness.Commands.Published,
             static command => command is SendChatCmd
@@ -178,10 +185,89 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
         Assert.Equal(active, stopped.RetiredGeneration);
         Assert.Equal(new RuntimeGenerationToken(2), stopped.CurrentGeneration);
         Assert.Equal(RuntimeCommandStatus.StaleGeneration, stale.Status);
-        Assert.Equal(0, harness.Combat.ToggleCount);
+        Assert.Empty(harness.CombatMode.Sent);
         Assert.Equal(RuntimeLifecycleState.Stopped, harness.Runtime.Lifecycle.State);
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public void GraphicalAndDirectCombatMagicCommands_ReachTheExactSameOwners()
+    {
+        using var graphical = new Harness();
+        using var direct = new Harness();
+        Assert.Equal(
+            RuntimeSessionStartStatus.Connected,
+            graphical.Runtime.Session.Start(graphical.Runtime.Generation).Status);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            RuntimeSessionStartStatus.Connected,
+            direct.Runtime.Session.Start(direct.Runtime.Generation).Status);
+        var directTrace = new RuntimeTraceRecorder();
+        using IDisposable directTraceSubscription =
+            direct.Runtime.Subscribe(directTrace);
+
+        var graphicalAttack = new RecordingAttackOperations();
+        var directAttack = new RecordingAttackOperations();
+        var graphicalSpell = new RecordingSpellOperations();
+        var directSpell = new RecordingSpellOperations();
+        using IDisposable graphicalAttackBinding =
+            graphical.CombatAttackOperations.BindOwned(graphicalAttack);
+        using IDisposable directAttackBinding =
+            direct.CombatAttackOperations.BindOwned(directAttack);
+        using IDisposable graphicalSpellBinding =
+            graphical.SpellCastOperations.BindOwned(graphicalSpell);
+        using IDisposable directSpellBinding =
+            direct.SpellCastOperations.BindOwned(directSpell);
+
+        PrepareCombatAndMagic(graphical);
+        PrepareCombatAndMagic(direct);
+
+        var graphicalInput =
+            new CombatAttackInputFrameAdapter(graphical.Actions.CombatAttack);
+        Assert.True(graphicalInput.HandleInputAction(
+            InputAction.CombatLowAttack,
+            ActivationType.Press));
+        Assert.True(graphicalInput.HandleInputAction(
+            InputAction.CombatLowAttack,
+            ActivationType.Release));
+        Assert.Equal(
+            CastRequestResult.Sent,
+            graphical.Actions.SpellCast.Cast(1u));
+
+        RuntimeGenerationToken generation = direct.Runtime.Generation;
+        Assert.True(direct.Runtime.Combat.ExecuteAttack(
+            generation,
+            new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack,
+                RuntimeInputActivation.Press)).Accepted);
+        Assert.True(direct.Runtime.Combat.ExecuteAttack(
+            generation,
+            new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
+                RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack,
+                RuntimeInputActivation.Release)).Accepted);
+        Assert.True(direct.Runtime.Magic.Execute(
+            generation,
+            new RuntimeMagicCommand(1u)).Accepted);
+
+        Assert.Equal(graphicalAttack.Trace, directAttack.Trace);
+        Assert.Equal(graphicalSpell.Trace, directSpell.Trace);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            graphical.Actions.View.Snapshot.CombatAttack,
+            direct.Actions.View.Snapshot.CombatAttack);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            graphical.Actions.View.Snapshot.Magic,
+            direct.Actions.View.Snapshot.Magic);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            [
+                RuntimeCommandDomain.Combat,
+                RuntimeCommandDomain.Combat,
+                RuntimeCommandDomain.Magic,
+            ],
+            directTrace.Entries
+                .Where(static entry => entry.Kind == RuntimeTraceKind.Command)
+                .Select(static entry =>
+                    (RuntimeCommandDomain)(entry.Code >> 16))
+                .ToArray());
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public void DirectAndGraphicalHosts_ProduceIdenticalEntityObjectTrace()
     {
@@ -668,6 +754,7 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
 
         private readonly ItemInteractionController _items;
         private readonly LiveSessionController _session;
+        private readonly IDisposable _combatModeBinding;
 
         public Harness()
         {
@@ -681,14 +768,26 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
                 EntityObjects);
             Objects = EntityObjects.Objects;
             Communication = new RuntimeCommunicationState();
-            Actions = new RuntimeActionState(InventoryState.Transactions);
+            CombatAttackOperations = new CombatAttackOperationsSlot();
+            CombatModeOperations = new RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot();
+            SpellCastOperations = new RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot();
+            Actions = new RuntimeActionState(
+                InventoryState.Transactions,
+                Character.Spellbook,
+                CombatAttackOperations,
+                new RuntimeCombatTargetOperationsSlot(),
+                CombatModeOperations,
+                SpellCastOperations,
+                now: static () => 0d);
+            CombatMode = new RecordingCombatModeOperations();
+            _combatModeBinding =
+                CombatModeOperations.BindOwned(CombatMode);
             MovementInput = new DispatcherMovementInputSource();
             GameplayInput = new GameplayInputFrameController(
                 dispatcher: null,
                 MovementInput,
                 mouseLook: null,
                 new NoopCombatInput());
-            Combat = new RecordingCombatCommand();
             Clock = new UpdateFrameClock();
             WorldReveal = new WorldRevealCoordinator(
                 static (_, _) => true,
@@ -737,8 +836,7 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
                 WorldReveal,
                 Clock,
                 selectionController,
-                GameplayInput,
+                GameplayInput);
-                Combat);
         }
 
         public RuntimeOptions Options { get; }
@@ -750,11 +848,14 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
         public ClientObjectTable Objects { get; }
         public RuntimeCommunicationState Communication { get; }
         public ChatLog Chat => Communication.Chat;
+        public CombatAttackOperationsSlot CombatAttackOperations { get; }
+        public RuntimeCombatModeOperationsSlot CombatModeOperations { get; }
+        public RuntimeSpellCastOperationsSlot SpellCastOperations { get; }
         public RuntimeActionState Actions { get; }
         public SelectionState Selection => Actions.Selection;
         public DispatcherMovementInputSource MovementInput { get; }
         public GameplayInputFrameController GameplayInput { get; }
-        public RecordingCombatCommand Combat { get; }
+        public RecordingCombatModeOperations CombatMode { get; }
         public UpdateFrameClock Clock { get; }
         public WorldRevealCoordinator WorldReveal { get; }
         public RecordingCommandRouting Commands { get; }
@@ -769,12 +870,72 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
             Communication.Dispose();
             _session.Dispose();
             _items.Dispose();
+            _combatModeBinding.Dispose();
             Actions.Dispose();
             InventoryState.Dispose();
             Entities.Clear();
         }
     }
 
+    private static void PrepareCombatAndMagic(Harness harness)
+    {
+        harness.Actions.Combat.SetCombatMode(AcDream.Core.Combat.CombatMode.Melee);
+        harness.Actions.CombatAttack.SetDesiredPower(0f);
+        const string csv =
+            "Spell ID,Name,Flags [Hex],IsUntargetted,TargetMask [Hex]\n"
+            + "1,Runtime Test Spell,0x0,true,0x0";
+        harness.Character.InstallSpellMetadata(
+            SpellTable.LoadFromReader(new System.IO.StringReader(csv)));
+        harness.Character.Spellbook.OnSpellLearned(1u);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RecordingAttackOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
+    {
+        public List<string> Trace { get; } = [];
+        public bool IsDualWield => false;
+        public bool PlayerReadyForAttack => true;
+        public bool AutoRepeatAttack => false;
+
+        public bool CanStartAttack() => true;
+
+        public void PrepareAttackRequest() => Trace.Add("prepare");
+
+        public bool SendAttack(
+            AcDream.Core.Combat.AttackHeight height,
+            float power)
+        {
+            Trace.Add($"attack:{height}:{power}");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public void SendCancelAttack() => Trace.Add("cancel");
+    }
+
+    private sealed class RecordingSpellOperations
+        : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+    {
+        public uint LocalPlayerId => Harness.PlayerGuid;
+        public bool CanSend => true;
+        public List<string> Trace { get; } = [];
+
+        public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) => true;
+
+        public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+            uint targetId,
+            SpellMetadata spell,
+            bool showMessage) => true;
+
+        public void StopCompletely() => Trace.Add("stop");
+        public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) =>
+            Trace.Add($"untargeted:{spellId}");
+        public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) =>
+            Trace.Add($"targeted:{targetId}:{spellId}");
+        public void DisplayMessage(string message) =>
+            Trace.Add($"message:{message}");
+        public void IncrementBusy() => Trace.Add("busy");
+    }
+
     private static LiveSessionHost CreateHost(
         LiveSessionController controller,
         RecordingCommandRouting commands,
@@ -1031,10 +1192,15 @@ public sealed class CurrentGameRuntimeAdapterTests
         public void Dispose() => _active = false;
     }
 
-    internal sealed class RecordingCombatCommand : ILiveCombatModeCommand
+    internal sealed class RecordingCombatModeOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
     {
-        public int ToggleCount { get; private set; }
+        public List<AcDream.Core.Combat.CombatMode> Sent { get; } = [];
-        public void Toggle() => ToggleCount++;
+        public bool IsInWorld => true;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment() => [];
+        public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() { }
+        public void SendChangeCombatMode(
+            AcDream.Core.Combat.CombatMode mode) => Sent.Add(mode);
     }
 
     private sealed class NoopCombatInput : ICombatInputFrameController

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Runtime/RuntimeActionOwnershipTests.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionOwnershipTests
             gameWindow,
             StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains(
-            "_runtimeActions = new RuntimeActionState(_runtimeInventory.Transactions);",
+            "_runtimeActions = new RuntimeActionState(",
             gameWindow,
             StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains(
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionOwnershipTests
         Assert.Empty(Regex.Matches(
             production,
             @"\bnew\s+(?:AcDream\.Runtime\.Gameplay\.)?RuntimeInteractionTransactionState\s*\("));
+        Assert.Empty(Regex.Matches(
+            production,
+            @"\bnew\s+(?:AcDream\.Runtime\.Gameplay\.)?RuntimeCombatAttackState\s*\("));
+        Assert.Empty(Regex.Matches(
+            production,
+            @"\bnew\s+(?:AcDream\.Runtime\.Gameplay\.)?RuntimeCombatTargetState\s*\("));
+        Assert.Empty(Regex.Matches(
+            production,
+            @"\bnew\s+(?:AcDream\.Runtime\.Gameplay\.)?RuntimeCombatModeState\s*\("));
+        Assert.Empty(Regex.Matches(
+            production,
+            @"\bnew\s+(?:AcDream\.Runtime\.Gameplay\.)?RuntimeSpellCastState\s*\("));
         Assert.Equal(
             1,
             Regex.Matches(
@@ -104,6 +116,11 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionOwnershipTests
         Assert.Contains("d.Actions.Transactions,", ui, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains("d.Actions.Selection", ui, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains("d.Actions.Combat", ui, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Assert.Contains(
+            "_dependencies.Actions.CombatAttack",
+            ui,
+            StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        Assert.Contains("d.Actions.SpellCast", ui, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains("d.Actions.Selection", session, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains("d.Actions.Combat", session, StringComparison.Ordinal);
         Assert.Contains("_domain.Actions.Combat", liveSession, StringComparison.Ordinal);

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/Spells/SpellCastingControllerTests.cs

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-using AcDream.App.Spells;
-using AcDream.Core.Spells;
-
-namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Spells;
-
-public sealed class SpellCastingControllerTests
-{
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_SelfTargeted_SendsLocalPlayerAsTarget()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0x8, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0x10);
-        uint target = 0;
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: 99, player: 42,
-            sendTargeted: (id, _) => target = id);
-
-        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Sent, controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(42u, target);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_TargetedWithoutSelection_DoesNotSend()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: false, targetMask: 0x10);
-        int sends = 0;
-        string message = "";
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: null, player: 42,
-            sendTargeted: (_, _) => sends++, display: value => message = value);
-
-        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.NoTarget, controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(0, sends);
-        Assert.Contains("select", message, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_Untargeted_StopsThenSendsThenIncrementsBusy()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
-        var order = new List<string>();
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: null, player: 42,
-            stop: () => order.Add("stop"),
-            sendUntargeted: _ => order.Add("send"),
-            incrementBusy: () => order.Add("busy"));
-
-        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Sent, controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(["stop", "send", "busy"], order);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_MissingComponents_DoesNotIncrementBusyOrSend()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
-        int sends = 0, busy = 0;
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: null, player: 42,
-            sendUntargeted: _ => sends++, hasComponents: _ => false,
-            incrementBusy: () => busy++);
-
-        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.MissingComponents, controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(0, sends);
-        Assert.Equal(0, busy);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_Disconnected_DoesNotIncrementBusy()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
-        int busy = 0;
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: null, player: 42,
-            incrementBusy: () => busy++, canSend: () => false);
-
-        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Unavailable, controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(0, busy);
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void Cast_SendThrows_DoesNotIncrementBusyAndRethrows()
-    {
-        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
-        int increments = 0;
-        var controller = MakeController(book, selected: null, player: 42,
-            sendUntargeted: _ => throw new InvalidOperationException("wire"),
-            incrementBusy: () => increments++);
-
-        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => controller.Cast(1));
-        Assert.Equal(0, increments);
-        Assert.Null(controller.LastRequestedSpellId);
-    }
-
-    private static SpellCastingController MakeController(
-        Spellbook book,
-        uint? selected,
-        uint player,
-        Action? stop = null,
-        Action<uint>? sendUntargeted = null,
-        Action<uint, uint>? sendTargeted = null,
-        Action<string>? display = null,
-        Func<uint, bool>? hasComponents = null,
-        Action? incrementBusy = null,
-        Func<bool>? canSend = null) => new(
-            book,
-            () => selected,
-            () => player,
-            stop ?? (() => { }),
-            sendUntargeted ?? (_ => { }),
-            sendTargeted ?? ((_, _) => { }),
-            display ?? (_ => { }),
-            hasRequiredComponents: hasComponents,
-            incrementBusy: incrementBusy,
-            canSend: canSend);
-
-    private static Spellbook MakeBook(uint flags, bool untargeted, uint targetMask)
-    {
-        const string header = "Spell ID,Name,Flags [Hex],IsUntargetted,TargetMask [Hex]";
-        string row = $"1,Test,0x{flags:X},{untargeted},0x{targetMask:X}";
-        SpellTable table = SpellTable.LoadFromReader(new StringReader($"{header}\n{row}"));
-        var book = new Spellbook(table);
-        book.OnSpellLearned(1);
-        return book;
-    }
-}

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/UI/Layout/CombatUiControllerTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.App.UI;
 using AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Panels.Settings;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.UI.Layout;
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public sealed class CombatUiControllerTests
         Assert.False(high.Selected);
         Assert.True(medium.Selected);
         Assert.False(low.Selected);
-        Assert.Equal(CombatAttackController.InitialDesiredPower, power.ScalarPosition);
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatAttackState.InitialDesiredPower, power.ScalarPosition);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ public sealed class CombatUiControllerTests
         "Speed", "Power", "Repeat Attacks", "Auto Target", "Keep in View",
         "High", "Medium", "Low");
 
-    private static CombatAttackController CreateAttacks(
+    private static RuntimeCombatAttackState CreateAttacks(
         CombatState combat,
         Func<double> now,
         List<(AttackHeight Height, float Power)> sent)

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/UI/Layout/SelectedObjectControllerTests.cs

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public class SelectedObjectControllerTests
         h.StackMap[Replacement] = 1u;
 
         h.Selection.Select(Dead, SelectionChangeSource.World);
-        // CombatTargetController is registered before the retained toolbar in
+        // RuntimeCombatTargetState is registered before the retained toolbar in
         // production. Its clear handler selects a replacement reentrantly.
         h.Selection.Changed += transition =>
         {

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/UI/Layout/SpellcastingUiControllerTests.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using AcDream.App.UI.Layout;
 using AcDream.Core.Items;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
 using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
 namespace AcDream.App.Tests.UI.Layout;
 
@@ -330,14 +331,17 @@ public sealed class SpellcastingUiControllerTests
         SelectionState? selection = null,
         Action<uint>? examineSpell = null)
     {
-        var casting = new SpellCastingController(
+        SelectionState selectionState = selection ?? new SelectionState();
-            spellbook, () => null, () => 1u, () => { }, _ => { }, (_, _) => { }, _ => { });
+        var casting = new RuntimeSpellCastState(
+            spellbook,
+            selectionState,
+            new NoopSpellCastOperations());
         return SpellcastingUiController.Bind(
             layout, spellbook, casting, objects, () => 1u,
             spellId => spellId,
             item => item.ObjectId,
             useItem,
-            selection ?? new SelectionState(),
+            selectionState,
             (tab, position, spellId) =>
             {
                 spellbook.SetFavorite(tab, position, spellId);
@@ -349,6 +353,22 @@ public sealed class SpellcastingUiControllerTests
             examineSpell);
     }
 
+    private sealed class NoopSpellCastOperations : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+    {
+        public uint LocalPlayerId => 1u;
+        public bool CanSend => true;
+        public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) => true;
+        public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+            uint targetId,
+            SpellMetadata spell,
+            bool showMessage) => true;
+        public void StopCompletely() { }
+        public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) { }
+        public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) { }
+        public void DisplayMessage(string message) { }
+        public void IncrementBusy() { }
+    }
+
     private static void ApplyAnchors(UiElement parent)
     {
         foreach (UiElement child in parent.Children)

tests/AcDream.App.Tests/World/UpdateFrameOrchestratorTests.cs

@@ -597,11 +597,11 @@ public sealed class UpdateFrameOrchestratorTests
             field => field.FieldType == typeof(Silk.NET.Input.IMouse));
 
         FieldInfo combatOperations = Assert.Single(
-            typeof(AcDream.App.Combat.CombatAttackController).GetFields(
+            typeof(AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay.RuntimeCombatAttackState).GetFields(
                 BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic),
             field => field.Name == "_operations");
         Assert.Equal(
-            typeof(AcDream.App.Combat.ICombatAttackOperations),
+            typeof(AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay.IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations),
             combatOperations.FieldType);
         Assert.DoesNotContain(
             typeof(AcDream.App.Combat.LiveCombatAttackOperations).GetFields(

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/GameRuntimeContractTests.cs

@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ public sealed class GameRuntimeContractTests
         Assert.Contains("social=9:10:11", entry.Text);
         Assert.Contains(
             "actions=14:50000001:15:4:1:16:1:00000000:0:00000000:" +
-            "00000000:00000000:00000000:0:0",
+            "00000000:00000000:00000000:0:0:0:0:00000000:00000000:" +
+            "False:False:00000000:0:00000000:00000000",
             entry.Text);
     }
 
@@ -208,6 +209,10 @@ public sealed class GameRuntimeContractTests
             typeof(RuntimeMovementSkillState),
             typeof(RuntimeActionState),
             typeof(InteractionState),
+            typeof(RuntimeCombatAttackState),
+            typeof(RuntimeCombatTargetState),
+            typeof(RuntimeCombatModeState),
+            typeof(RuntimeSpellCastState),
         ];
 
         foreach (Type owner in owners)

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeActionStateTests.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionStateTests
     public void ViewProjectsTheExactCanonicalChildrenAndRevisions()
     {
         using var inventory = NewInventoryTransactions();
-        using var actions = new RuntimeActionState(inventory);
+        using var actions = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(inventory);
 
         actions.Selection.Select(
             0x50000001u,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionStateTests
     public void ResetSessionConvergesEveryChildAfterObserverFailures()
     {
         using var inventory = NewInventoryTransactions();
-        var actions = new RuntimeActionState(inventory);
+        var actions = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(inventory);
         actions.Selection.Select(
             0x50000001u,
             SelectionChangeSource.World);
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionStateTests
     public void DisposeIsTerminalAndConvergedAfterObserverFailures()
     {
         using var inventory = NewInventoryTransactions();
-        var actions = new RuntimeActionState(inventory);
+        var actions = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(inventory);
         actions.Selection.Select(
             0x50000001u,
             SelectionChangeSource.World);
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionStateTests
     {
         using var firstInventory = NewInventoryTransactions();
         using var secondInventory = NewInventoryTransactions();
-        using var first = new RuntimeActionState(firstInventory);
+        using var first = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(firstInventory);
-        using var second = new RuntimeActionState(secondInventory);
+        using var second = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(secondInventory);
 
         first.Selection.Select(
             0x50000001u,
@@ -131,7 +131,19 @@ public sealed class RuntimeActionStateTests
                     OutboundCount: 0,
                     HasPendingPickup: false,
                     PendingPickupToken: 0u,
-                    DispatchFailureCount: 0)),
+                    DispatchFailureCount: 0),
+                new RuntimeCombatAttackSnapshot(
+                    Revision: 0,
+                    RequestedHeight: AttackHeight.Medium,
+                    DesiredPower: 0.5f,
+                    PowerBarLevel: 0f,
+                    BuildInProgress: false,
+                    RequestInProgress: false,
+                    RequestedPower: 0f),
+                new RuntimeSpellCastSnapshot(
+                    Revision: 0,
+                    LastRequestedSpellId: 0u,
+                    LastRequestedTargetId: 0u)),
             second.View.Snapshot);
     }
 

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeActionTestFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Tests.Gameplay;
+
+internal static class RuntimeActionTestFactory
+{
+    public static RuntimeActionState Create(
+        InventoryTransactionState inventory,
+        Func<double>? now = null) =>
+        new(
+            inventory,
+            new Spellbook(),
+            new CombatOperations(),
+            new CombatTargetOperations(),
+            new CombatModeOperations(),
+            new SpellOperations(),
+            now);
+
+    private sealed class CombatOperations : IRuntimeCombatAttackOperations
+    {
+        public bool CanStartAttack() => false;
+        public void PrepareAttackRequest() { }
+        public bool SendAttack(AttackHeight height, float power) => false;
+        public void SendCancelAttack() { }
+        public bool IsDualWield => false;
+        public bool PlayerReadyForAttack => false;
+        public bool AutoRepeatAttack => false;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class CombatTargetOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+    {
+        public bool AutoTarget => false;
+        public uint? SelectClosestTarget() => null;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class CombatModeOperations
+        : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
+    {
+        public bool IsInWorld => false;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment() => [];
+        public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() { }
+        public void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode) { }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class SpellOperations : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+    {
+        public uint LocalPlayerId => 0u;
+        public bool CanSend => false;
+        public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) => false;
+        public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+            uint targetId,
+            SpellMetadata spell,
+            bool showMessage) => false;
+        public void StopCompletely() { }
+        public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId) { }
+        public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId) { }
+        public void DisplayMessage(string message) { }
+        public void IncrementBusy() { }
+    }
+}

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatAttackStateTests.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
-using AcDream.UI.Abstractions.Input;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
-namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Combat;
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Tests.Gameplay;
 
-public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatAttackStateTests
 {
     [Fact]
     public void NormalStance_ChargesLinearlyOverOneSecond_AndReleaseSendsCurrentPower()
@@ -76,11 +75,13 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         using var controller = Create(combat, () => now, sent);
         combat.SetCombatMode(CombatMode.Melee);
 
-        Assert.True(controller.HandleInputAction(
+        Assert.True(controller.HandleCommand(new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
-            InputAction.CombatLowAttack, ActivationType.Press));
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack,
+            RuntimeInputActivation.Press)));
         now = 1.5d;
-        Assert.True(controller.HandleInputAction(
+        Assert.True(controller.HandleCommand(new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
-            InputAction.CombatLowAttack, ActivationType.Release));
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.LowAttack,
+            RuntimeInputActivation.Release)));
 
         Assert.Equal(AttackHeight.Low, Assert.Single(sent).Height);
     }
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         double now = 0d;
         bool ready = false;
         var combat = new CombatState();
-        using var controller = new CombatAttackController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
             combat,
             () => true,
             (_, _) => true,
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         int cancels = 0;
         var sent = new List<(AttackHeight Height, float Power)>();
         var combat = new CombatState();
-        using var controller = new CombatAttackController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
             combat,
             canStartAttack: () => true,
             sendAttack: (height, power) =>
@@ -153,8 +154,9 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         controller.ReleaseAttack();
         Assert.Single(sent);
 
-        controller.HandleMovementInput(
+        controller.HandleCommand(new RuntimeCombatAttackInput(
-            InputAction.MovementForward, ActivationType.Press);
+            RuntimeCombatAttackCommand.AbortForMovement,
+            RuntimeInputActivation.Press));
         combat.OnAttackDone(1u, 0u);
 
         Assert.Equal(1, cancels);
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
     {
         int cancels = 0;
         var combat = new CombatState();
-        using var controller = new CombatAttackController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
             combat,
             canStartAttack: () => true,
             sendAttack: (_, _) => true,
@@ -184,8 +186,8 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
     {
         var events = new List<string>();
         var combat = new CombatState();
-        CombatAttackController? controller = null;
+        RuntimeCombatAttackState? controller = null;
-        controller = new CombatAttackController(
+        controller = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
             combat,
             canStartAttack: () => true,
             sendAttack: (_, _) =>
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         double now = 1d;
         int cancels = 0;
         var combat = new CombatState();
-        using var controller = new CombatAttackController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatAttackState(
             combat,
             canStartAttack: () => true,
             sendAttack: (_, _) => true,
@@ -239,11 +241,11 @@ public sealed class CombatAttackControllerTests
         Assert.Equal(0f, controller.RequestedAttackPower);
         Assert.Equal(0f, controller.PowerBarLevel);
         Assert.Equal(AttackHeight.Medium, controller.RequestedHeight);
-        Assert.Equal(CombatAttackController.InitialDesiredPower, controller.DesiredPower);
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatAttackState.InitialDesiredPower, controller.DesiredPower);
         Assert.Equal(0, cancels);
     }
 
-    private static CombatAttackController Create(
+    private static RuntimeCombatAttackState Create(
         CombatState combat,
         Func<double> now,
         List<(AttackHeight Height, float Power)> sent,

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatModeStateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Combat;
+using AcDream.Core.Items;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Tests.Gameplay;
+
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatModeStateTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void OutsideWorld_IsCompleteNoOp()
+    {
+        var combat = new CombatState();
+        var operations = new Operations { IsInWorld = false };
+        var state = new RuntimeCombatModeState(combat, operations);
+
+        RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result = state.Toggle();
+
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Inactive, result.Status);
+        Assert.Empty(operations.Trace);
+        Assert.Equal(CombatMode.NonCombat, combat.CurrentMode);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PeaceWithBow_OrdersIntentSendThenLocalState()
+    {
+        var combat = new CombatState();
+        var operations = new Operations();
+        operations.Equipment.Add(new ClientObject
+        {
+            ObjectId = 1u,
+            CurrentlyEquippedLocation = EquipMask.MissileWeapon,
+            Type = ItemType.MissileWeapon,
+            CombatUse = 2,
+        });
+        combat.CombatModeChanged += mode =>
+            operations.Trace.Add($"state:{mode}");
+        var state = new RuntimeCombatModeState(combat, operations);
+
+        RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result = state.Toggle();
+
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Sent, result.Status);
+        Assert.Equal(CombatMode.Missile, result.Mode);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            ["intent", "equipment", "send:Missile", "state:Missile"],
+            operations.Trace);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ActiveCombat_LeavesWithoutEquipmentQuery()
+    {
+        var combat = new CombatState();
+        combat.SetCombatMode(CombatMode.Magic);
+        var operations = new Operations();
+        var state = new RuntimeCombatModeState(combat, operations);
+
+        RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result = state.Toggle();
+
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Sent, result.Status);
+        Assert.Equal(CombatMode.NonCombat, result.Mode);
+        Assert.DoesNotContain("equipment", operations.Trace);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IncompatibleHeldItem_RejectsAfterExplicitIntent()
+    {
+        var combat = new CombatState();
+        var operations = new Operations();
+        operations.Equipment.Add(new ClientObject
+        {
+            ObjectId = 1u,
+            Name = "Torch",
+            CurrentlyEquippedLocation = EquipMask.Held,
+            Type = ItemType.Misc,
+        });
+        var state = new RuntimeCombatModeState(combat, operations);
+
+        RuntimeCombatModeRequestResult result = state.Toggle();
+
+        Assert.Equal(RuntimeCombatModeRequestStatus.Rejected, result.Status);
+        Assert.Equal(
+            "You can't enter combat mode while wielding the Torch",
+            result.Notice);
+        Assert.Equal(["intent", "equipment"], operations.Trace);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TransportFailure_DoesNotPublishLocalMode()
+    {
+        var combat = new CombatState();
+        var operations = new Operations { ThrowOnSend = true };
+        var state = new RuntimeCombatModeState(combat, operations);
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => state.Toggle());
+
+        Assert.Equal(CombatMode.NonCombat, combat.CurrentMode);
+        Assert.Equal(["intent", "equipment", "send:Melee"], operations.Trace);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class Operations : IRuntimeCombatModeOperations
+    {
+        public bool IsInWorld { get; init; } = true;
+        public bool ThrowOnSend { get; init; }
+        public List<ClientObject> Equipment { get; } = [];
+        public List<string> Trace { get; } = [];
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<ClientObject> GetOrderedEquipment()
+        {
+            Trace.Add("equipment");
+            return Equipment;
+        }
+
+        public void NotifyExplicitCombatModeRequest() => Trace.Add("intent");
+
+        public void SendChangeCombatMode(CombatMode mode)
+        {
+            Trace.Add($"send:{mode}");
+            if (ThrowOnSend)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("transport");
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeCombatTargetStateTests.cs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-using AcDream.App.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Combat;
 using AcDream.Core.Physics;
 using AcDream.Core.Selection;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
 
-namespace AcDream.App.Tests.Combat;
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Tests.Gameplay;
 
-public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
+public sealed class RuntimeCombatTargetStateTests
 {
     [Fact]
     public void DeadSelectedTarget_AutoTargetEnabled_SelectsClosestReplacement()
@@ -15,16 +15,15 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
         var selection = new SelectionState();
         selection.Select(0x50000001u, SelectionChangeSource.World);
         int calls = 0;
-        using var controller = new CombatTargetController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
             combat,
             selection,
-            autoTarget: () => true,
+            new Operations(true, () =>
-            selectClosestTarget: () =>
             {
                 calls++;
                 selection.Select(0x50000002u, SelectionChangeSource.System);
                 return 0x50000002u;
-            });
+            }));
 
         controller.OnMotionApplied(0x50000001u, MotionCommand.Dead);
 
@@ -40,8 +39,10 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
         var selection = new SelectionState();
         selection.Select(0x50000001u, SelectionChangeSource.World);
         int calls = 0;
-        using var controller = new CombatTargetController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
-            combat, selection, () => false, () => { calls++; return null; });
+            combat,
+            selection,
+            new Operations(false, () => { calls++; return null; }));
 
         controller.OnMotionApplied(0x50000001u, MotionCommand.Dead);
 
@@ -56,8 +57,10 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
         var selection = new SelectionState();
         selection.Select(0x50000001u, SelectionChangeSource.World);
         int calls = 0;
-        using var controller = new CombatTargetController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
-            combat, selection, () => true, () => { calls++; return null; });
+            combat,
+            selection,
+            new Operations(true, () => { calls++; return null; }));
 
         controller.OnMotionApplied(0x50000001u, MotionCommand.Dead);
 
@@ -72,8 +75,12 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
         combat.SetCombatMode(CombatMode.Missile);
         var selection = new SelectionState();
         selection.Select(0x50000002u, SelectionChangeSource.World);
-        using var controller = new CombatTargetController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
-            combat, selection, () => true, () => throw new InvalidOperationException());
+            combat,
+            selection,
+            new Operations(
+                true,
+                () => throw new InvalidOperationException()));
 
         controller.OnMotionApplied(0x50000001u, MotionCommand.Dead);
 
@@ -88,12 +95,23 @@ public sealed class CombatTargetControllerTests
         var selection = new SelectionState();
         selection.Select(0x50000002u, SelectionChangeSource.World);
         int calls = 0;
-        using var controller = new CombatTargetController(
+        using var controller = new RuntimeCombatTargetState(
-            combat, selection, () => true, () => { calls++; return null; });
+            combat,
+            selection,
+            new Operations(true, () => { calls++; return null; }));
 
         selection.Reset();
 
         Assert.Equal(0, calls);
         Assert.Null(selection.SelectedObjectId);
     }
+
+    private sealed class Operations(
+        bool autoTarget,
+        Func<uint?> selectClosestTarget)
+        : IRuntimeCombatTargetOperations
+    {
+        public bool AutoTarget { get; } = autoTarget;
+        public uint? SelectClosestTarget() => selectClosestTarget();
+    }
 }

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeGameplayOwnershipTests.cs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeGameplayOwnershipTests
         var inventory = new RuntimeInventoryState(entities);
         var character = new RuntimeCharacterState();
         var communication = new RuntimeCommunicationState();
-        var actions = new RuntimeActionState(inventory.Transactions);
+        var actions = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(inventory.Transactions);
         inventory.Shortcuts.Changed += static () => { };
         inventory.Shortcuts.Load([new ShortcutEntry(1, 2u, 3u)]);
         inventory.ItemMana.OnQueryItemManaResponse(2u, 0.5f, true);
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public sealed class RuntimeGameplayOwnershipTests
         var inventory = new RuntimeInventoryState(entities);
         var character = new RuntimeCharacterState();
         var communication = new RuntimeCommunicationState();
-        var actions = new RuntimeActionState(inventory.Transactions);
+        var actions = RuntimeActionTestFactory.Create(inventory.Transactions);
 
         inventory.ExternalContainers.RequestOpen(0x70000001u);
         inventory.ExternalContainers.ApplyViewContents(0x70000001u);

tests/AcDream.Runtime.Tests/Gameplay/RuntimeSpellCastStateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+using AcDream.Core.Selection;
+using AcDream.Core.Spells;
+using AcDream.Runtime.Gameplay;
+
+namespace AcDream.Runtime.Tests.Gameplay;
+
+public sealed class RuntimeSpellCastStateTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_SelfTargeted_SendsLocalPlayerAsTarget()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0x8, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0x10);
+        uint target = 0;
+        var operations = new FakeOperations
+        {
+            LocalPlayerId = 42u,
+            SendTargetedAction = (id, _) => target = id,
+        };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations, selected: 99u);
+
+        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Sent, state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(42u, target);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_TargetedWithoutSelection_DoesNotSend()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: false, targetMask: 0x10);
+        var operations = new FakeOperations { LocalPlayerId = 42u };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations);
+
+        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.NoTarget, state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(0, operations.TargetedSends);
+        Assert.Contains(
+            "select",
+            operations.LastMessage,
+            StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_Untargeted_StopsThenSendsThenIncrementsBusy()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
+        var order = new List<string>();
+        var operations = new FakeOperations
+        {
+            LocalPlayerId = 42u,
+            StopAction = () => order.Add("stop"),
+            SendUntargetedAction = _ => order.Add("send"),
+            IncrementBusyAction = () => order.Add("busy"),
+        };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations);
+
+        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Sent, state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(["stop", "send", "busy"], order);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_MissingComponents_DoesNotIncrementBusyOrSend()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
+        var operations = new FakeOperations
+        {
+            LocalPlayerId = 42u,
+            HasComponents = false,
+        };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations);
+
+        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.MissingComponents, state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(0, operations.UntargetedSends);
+        Assert.Equal(0, operations.BusyIncrements);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_Disconnected_DoesNotIncrementBusy()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
+        var operations = new FakeOperations
+        {
+            LocalPlayerId = 42u,
+            CanSend = false,
+        };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations);
+
+        Assert.Equal(CastRequestResult.Unavailable, state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(0, operations.BusyIncrements);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Cast_SendThrows_DoesNotIncrementBusyAndRethrows()
+    {
+        Spellbook book = MakeBook(flags: 0, untargeted: true, targetMask: 0);
+        var operations = new FakeOperations
+        {
+            LocalPlayerId = 42u,
+            SendUntargetedAction =
+                _ => throw new InvalidOperationException("wire"),
+        };
+        RuntimeSpellCastState state = Create(book, operations);
+
+        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => state.Cast(1));
+        Assert.Equal(0, operations.BusyIncrements);
+        Assert.Null(state.LastRequestedSpellId);
+    }
+
+    private static RuntimeSpellCastState Create(
+        Spellbook book,
+        FakeOperations operations,
+        uint? selected = null)
+    {
+        var selection = new SelectionState();
+        if (selected is uint id)
+            selection.Select(id, SelectionChangeSource.System);
+        return new RuntimeSpellCastState(book, selection, operations);
+    }
+
+    private static Spellbook MakeBook(uint flags, bool untargeted, uint targetMask)
+    {
+        const string header =
+            "Spell ID,Name,Flags [Hex],IsUntargetted,TargetMask [Hex]";
+        string row = $"1,Test,0x{flags:X},{untargeted},0x{targetMask:X}";
+        SpellTable table = SpellTable.LoadFromReader(
+            new StringReader($"{header}\n{row}"));
+        var book = new Spellbook(table);
+        book.OnSpellLearned(1);
+        return book;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class FakeOperations : IRuntimeSpellCastOperations
+    {
+        public uint LocalPlayerId { get; init; }
+        public bool CanSend { get; init; } = true;
+        public bool HasComponents { get; init; } = true;
+        public bool TargetCompatible { get; init; } = true;
+        public int UntargetedSends { get; private set; }
+        public int TargetedSends { get; private set; }
+        public int BusyIncrements { get; private set; }
+        public string LastMessage { get; private set; } = string.Empty;
+        public Action? StopAction { get; init; }
+        public Action<uint>? SendUntargetedAction { get; init; }
+        public Action<uint, uint>? SendTargetedAction { get; init; }
+        public Action? IncrementBusyAction { get; init; }
+
+        public bool HasRequiredComponents(uint spellId) => HasComponents;
+
+        public bool IsTargetCompatible(
+            uint targetId,
+            SpellMetadata spell,
+            bool showMessage) => TargetCompatible;
+
+        public void StopCompletely() => StopAction?.Invoke();
+
+        public void SendUntargeted(uint spellId)
+        {
+            UntargetedSends++;
+            SendUntargetedAction?.Invoke(spellId);
+        }
+
+        public void SendTargeted(uint targetId, uint spellId)
+        {
+            TargetedSends++;
+            SendTargetedAction?.Invoke(targetId, spellId);
+        }
+
+        public void DisplayMessage(string message) => LastMessage = message;
+
+        public void IncrementBusy()
+        {
+            BusyIncrements++;
+            IncrementBusyAction?.Invoke();
+        }
+    }
+}